Instructions for use:
Diphenhydramine is an antiallergic agent, an H1 receptor blocker.
Dosage forms of Dimedrol:
Auxiliary components:
With caution and according to strict indications, diphenhydramine is prescribed during pregnancy and during breastfeeding, only if the expected benefit to the mother outweighs the likely risk to the fetus or child.
The use of Dimedrol can cause side effects:
During pregnancy and breastfeeding, the drug should be used under close medical supervision.
It is prescribed with caution to patients engaged in potentially hazardous types of work, the implementation of which requires rapid psychomotor reactions and increased attention.
The use of Dimedrol increases the activity of drugs that depress the central nervous system, enhances the effect of ethanol.
The combination with monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors increases the anticholinergic activity of the drug.
Antagonistic reaction occurs against the background of a joint appointment with psychostimulants.
Simultaneous use of the drug reduces the emetic effect of apomorphine in the treatment of poisoning.
The drug increases the anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity.
Analogues of Dimedrol are: Dimedrol-ROS, Dimedrol-UBF, Dimedrol-UVI, Dimedrol-Vial, Dimedrol Bufus, Dramina, Kalmaben.
Keep away from children.
Shelf life - 5 years.
It has antihistamine, antiallergic, antiemetic, hypnotic, local anesthetic effect. Blocks histamine H 1 - receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced spasms of smooth muscles, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergy compared to systemic ones, i.e. lowering BP. It causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, there is a short-term sensation of numbness of the oral mucosa), has an antispasmodic effect, blocks the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). Blocks H 3 - histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits the central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective in bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin), to a lesser extent - in allergic bronchospasm. In bronchial asthma, it is inactive and is used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchodilators.
When taken orally, it is rapidly and well absorbed. Contacts proteins of plasma for 98 — 99%. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma is reached 1-4 hours after ingestion. Most of the accepted diphenhydramine is metabolized in the liver. The half-life (T 1/2) is 1-4 hours. It is widely distributed in the body, passes through the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants. During the day, it is completely excreted from the body mainly in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in a small amount - unchanged. The maximum effect develops 1 hour after ingestion, the duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.
Urticaria, hay fever, vasomotor rhinitis, itchy dermatoses, acute iridocyclitis, allergic conjunctivitis, angioedema, capillarotoxicosis, serum sickness, allergic complications during drug therapy, blood transfusion and blood-substituting fluids; complex therapy of anaphylactic shock, radiation sickness, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer stomach and hyperacid gastritis; colds, sleep disturbances, premedication, extensive injuries of the skin and soft tissues (burns, crush injuries); parkinsonism, chorea, sea and air sickness, vomiting, Meniere's syndrome; local anesthesia in patients with a history of allergic reactions to local anesthetic drugs.
Hypersensitivity, breast-feeding, childhood (newborn period and prematurity), angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.
The drug is taken orally. Adults are prescribed 30-50 mg 1-3 times a day, the course of treatment is 10-15 days. To prevent motion sickness, you should take a single dose of 30-50 mg 30-60 minutes before the trip; with insomnia - 30-50 mg at bedtime. The maximum single dose is 100 mg, daily - 250 mg. Children aged 6-12 years are prescribed 15-30 mg per dose.
From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedation, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, irritability (especially in children), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion , tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; blurred vision, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. In patients with local brain damage or epilepsy, it activates (even at low doses) convulsive discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic seizure.
From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystole, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.
From the digestive tract: dry mouth, short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
From the genitourinary system: frequent and / or difficult urination, urinary retention, early menstruation.
From the respiratory system: dryness of the nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath.
Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.
Other: sweating, chills, photosensitivity.
One tablet contains
active substance - diphenhydramine hydrochloride 50.0 mg,
excipients: lactose monohydrate, potato starch, anhydrous colloidal silicon dioxide (aerosil), stearic acid.
Tablets are white or almost white, with a flat surface. On one side of the tablet there is a chamfer, on the other - a chamfer and a company logo in the form of a cross.
Systemic antihistamines. Aminoalkyl ethers. Diphenhydramine
ATX code R06AA02
Pharmacokinetics
When taken orally, the drug is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The maximum concentration in blood plasma is reached after 1-4 hours. Communication with blood plasma proteins is 98-99%. Penetrates through the blood-brain and placental barriers. Metabolized in the liver.
Excreted by the kidneys during the day in the form of inactive metabolites conjugated with glucuronic acid.
The half-life (T1 / 2) is from 1 to 10 hours.
The maximum effect develops 20 minutes after ingestion, the duration of action is 4-6 hours.
Pharmacodynamics Antihistamine, antiemetic, sedative and hypnotic. It is a blocker - H1 - histamine receptors. The antihistamine effect is due to the elimination of spasm, congestion (tissue edema) due to competition with H1-histamine receptors on effector cells, preventing, but not changing the histamine-mediated response.
The antiemetic effect is due to inhibition of the brain chemoreceptor trigger zone.
It helps to reduce dizziness due to the central m-anticholinergic effect on the vestibular apparatus, the integrative vomiting center and the brain chemoreceptor of the trigger zone of the medulla oblongata.
The exact mechanism of action of CNS depression is unknown. Perhaps the reason is the indirect inhibition of impulses in the reticular formation.
As an antihistamine:
With allergic conjunctivitis on the background of food allergies,
With mild, uncomplicated skin allergic reactions with urticaria and angioedema,
To reduce the intensity of allergic reactions in the blood or serum
With dermatographism
For the treatment of anaphylactic reactions in complex therapy with epineforin and other measures after the relief of an acute condition.
As a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for air and sea sickness.
As an antiparkinsonian agent.
For the treatment of parkinsonism (including drug-induced) in the elderly with the inability to use potent drugs; mild course of parkinsonism (including drug-induced) in other age groups, parkinsonism (including drug-induced) in combination with anticholinergics of central action.
For the symptomatic treatment of temporary sleep disorders.
Use the drug inside, as prescribed by the doctor.
Adults: 25-50 mg (½ - 1 tablet) 3-4 times a day.
For temporary sleep disturbance (insomnia) for adults and children over 16 years of age: 50 mg (1 tablet) 20 minutes before bedtime.
To prevent motion sickness, first take ½ - 1 tablet 30 minutes before the trip, then the same dose before meals and before the end of the trip.
Maximum doses for adults: single - 100 mg, daily - 250 mg.
Children over 6 years old: 12.5-25 mg (1/4 - ½ tablet) 3-4 times a day.
The maximum daily dose should not exceed 300 mg.
Do not use as a sleeping pill for children under 12 years of age!
Course of treatment: 3-5 days, the question of a longer treatment is decided by the attending physician.
!}
Often (> 1/100 to<1/10)
General weakness, drowsiness, impaired attention, unsteadiness
Dry mouth
unknown
Skin rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock
angioedema
Confusion, paradoxical agitation (eg, restlessness, nervousness) especially in the elderly
patients
Seizures, paresthesias, dyskinesias
Headache
Blurred vision
Noise in ears
Tachycardia
Thickening of bronchial secretions, nasal congestion, tightness in the chest
Gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation
Difficulty, frequent urination, urinary retention
Agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia
Sweating, chills, photosensitivity
Hypersensitivity to active or any of
drug excipients
Angle-closure glaucoma
prostatic hypertrophy
Stenosing ulcer of the stomach and duodenum
Bladder neck stenosis
Bronchial asthma
Epilepsy
Pregnancy and lactation
Children's age up to 6 years
!}
With the simultaneous use of diphenhydramine enhances the sedative effect of ethanol and other drugs that depress the central nervous system (for example, tranquilizers, hypnotics).
With simultaneous use with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, the anticholinergic activity of diphenhydramine is enhanced and lengthened. The drug should not be combined with MAO inhibitors, it is recommended to prescribe diphenhydramine 2 weeks after stopping their intake.
Antagonistic interaction is noted when co-administered with psychostimulants. Reduces the effectiveness of apomorphine as an emetic in the treatment of poisoning. Enhances the anticholinergic effects of drugs with anticholinergic activity (for example, atropine, tricyclic antidepressants).
During treatment it is necessary to avoid the use of alcohol.
The drug should be used with caution in the elderly, due to the presence of a higher risk of side effects.
Diphenhydramine should be prescribed with caution to patients with liver disease and moderate and severe renal dysfunction, myasthenia gravis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchitis.
The drug may aggravate already existing tinnitus in patients with this symptom.
With prolonged use of the drug, the development of drug dependence is possible.
Due to the fact that the drug contains lactose monohydrate, it is not recommended to prescribe it to patients with rare hereditary diseases such as galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption.
Application in pediatrics
Features of the influence of the drug on the ability to drive a vehicle or potentially dangerous mechanisms
The active substance of the drug Diphenhydramine, diphenhydramine, belongs to H1 receptor blockers. By blocking the addition of histamine, it helps to relax smooth muscle fibers, improve the functioning of the autonomic nerve plexuses and trunks. It is widely used in allergology for the treatment of skin manifestations of allergies. In neurological and ENT practice, it has found its application in the treatment of diseases accompanied by the development of dizziness and hyperkinetic disorders (Ménière's disease, Parkinson's disease or Parkinson's syndrome). It is well tolerated by patients, does not accumulate in tissues and does not cause side effects.Antihistamine.
Insomnia:
50 mg half an hour before going to bed;
Postencephalic or idiopathic parkinsonism:
25 mg 3 times a day with a gradual increase in dosage to 50 mg 4 times a day;
Motion sickness:
25-50 mg every 4-6 hours if necessary;
Children 2-6 years old:
12.5-25 mg;
Children 6-12 years old:
25-50 mg every 6-8 hours;
Children over 12 and adults:
30-50 mg 1-3 times a day.
Intramuscularly:
50-250 mg;
Intravenous drip:
25-50 mg, dissolved in 75-100 ml of saline.
Children under 3 years old:
Children 3-4 years old:
Children 5-7 years old:
1-2 drops of 0.2-0.5% solution in the conjunctival sac 2-5 times a day;
Intranasally:
1 stick in each nostril;
Preparation in the form of a gel:
Apply a thin layer on the affected areas of the skin several times a day.
Nervous system:
fatigue, decreased attention, drowsiness, drowsiness, impaired coordination of movements, irritability, nervousness, euphoria, convulsions, paresthesia, provocation of an epileptic attack, general weakness, sedative effect, dizziness, headaches, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, confusion, neuritis;
Respiratory system:
nasal congestion, tightness in the chest, dry nose and throat, thickening of bronchial secretions, difficulty breathing;
The cardiovascular system:
Digestive system:
short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, nausea, vomiting, constipation or dry mouth, anorexia, epigastric distress;
Urinary system:
urinary retention, frequent and / or difficult urination;
Reproductive system:
early menstruation;
Blood system:
decrease in the number of granulocytes and platelets,;
Sense organs:
diplopia, tinnitus, visual impairment, acute labyrinthitis;
Skin lesions:
photosensitivity;
chills, sweating.
Pregnant women and nursing mothers should use the drug categorically contraindicated.
Tranquilizers, sleeping pills, sedatives or alcohol-containing drugs:
improving their efficiency.
Nervous system:
depression or excitation (more often in children) of the central nervous system, convulsions, confusion, death;
Respiratory system:
labored breathing;
The cardiovascular system:
redness of the face;
Digestive system:
dry mouth.
Different, depending on the dosage form and the manufacturer, is indicated on the package.
In case of severe fever and pain, the combination of Diphenhydramine and Analgin effectively helps. Instructions for use Dimedrol says that the drug is an antiallergic agent that eliminates allergies, relieves swelling. Analgin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that relieves pain, fever and inflammation. In combination, these agents are most effective, so they are often used in one syringe.
This combination has an effect after 15 minutes and lasts for about 6 hours. It is better for children to use Diphenhydramine with Analgin in the form of suppositories, which are called Analdim, but, in extreme cases, injections are also used.
For children, the dosage of Analgin with Diphenhydramine is calculated depending on weight and age. For adults weighing about 60 kg, 2 ml of Analgin and 1 ml of Dimedrol are used.
These are only approximate dosages, the exact amount of the drug is determined only by the doctor.!
The drugs are collected in 1 syringe. First Analgin, then Dimedrol. In this case, the drugs do not mix. This mixture should be administered slowly and intramuscularly.
Combining Diphenhydramine with alcoholic beverages is dangerous not only for health, but also for life. The drug enhances the effect of alcohol, which can even lead to death.
In addition to severe intoxication, the liver, kidneys, organs of the gastrointestinal tract, heart and nervous system begin to suffer. Alcohol in combination with Diphenhydramine can lead to hallucinations and change a person beyond recognition.
It is not known exactly what consequences such a combination will lead to, therefore it is strictly forbidden to take Diphenhydramine with alcohol.
The combination of drugs such as DimedroI, Analgin and Papaverine is very often used in one syringe. This combination is used in surgery, gynecology, urology, therapy and other fields..
The lytic mixture is used to relieve fever, pain and spasm. Analgin has an analgesic and antipyretic effect. Papaverine relieves muscle spasms and dilates blood vessels. Diphenhydramine is able to eliminate allergic manifestations, and also has a sedative effect.
To obtain a lytic mixture, 2 ml of 50% Analgin, 1 ml of 1% Diphenhydramine and 2 ml of 2% Papaverine are collected in one syringe for adults. This combination is administered intramuscularly and slowly.
For children, the dosage of the mixture is calculated depending on weight and age.
But it should be remembered that it is dangerous to use such a combination on your own, because the drugs have a number of side effects and contraindications.
Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine drug, but due to its sedative effect, it is often used for insomnia. At the same time, the instructions noted that a sedative and hypnotic effect occurs when the drug is taken again.
The doctor prescribes the exact dosage and duration of treatment, on average, for insomnia, 50 mg of the drug will be used half an hour before bedtime.
Diphenhydramine has a number of side effects and contraindications, and in case of an overdose it leads to undesirable consequences, therefore, it is strictly forbidden to prescribe the drug yourself as a sleeping pill. Especially since medicine dispensed by prescription.
In the instructions for Dimedrol, among the therapeutic effects, you can see that the drug causes local anesthesia. Namely, when taken orally, a short-term numbness of the oral mucosa occurs. But can Diphenhydramine be used for toothache, as well as headaches?
Diphenhydramine is usually used for toothache, in the absence of other painkillers before visiting the dentist. To do this, a quarter or half of the tablet is placed on the aching tooth and wait for the onset of the therapeutic effect. And also the drug can be ground into powder and applied to the gum of the disturbing tooth.
It should be borne in mind that the drug causes drowsiness and reduces concentration, so it is preferable to use it before bedtime, and go to the dentist in the morning.
With intense headache and toothache, Analgin and Dimedrol combinations are used once, 1 tablet each, or as intramuscular injections in one syringe.
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* Instructions for medical use for the drug Dimedrol published in free translation. THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS. BEFORE USE, IT IS NECESSARY TO CONSULT WITH A SPECIALIST
Indications for use: Pharmachologic effect:
It has antihistamine, antiallergic, antiemetic, hypnotic, local anesthetic effect. It blocks histamine H1 receptors and eliminates the effects of histamine mediated through this type of receptor. Reduces or prevents histamine-induced spasms of smooth muscles, increased capillary permeability, tissue swelling, itching and hyperemia. Antagonism with histamine manifests itself to a greater extent in relation to local vascular reactions during inflammation and allergy compared to systemic ones, i.e. lowering BP. It causes local anesthesia (when taken orally, there is a short-term sensation of numbness of the oral mucosa), has an antispasmodic effect, blocks the cholinergic receptors of the autonomic ganglia (lowers blood pressure). Blocks H3 - histamine receptors in the brain and inhibits the central cholinergic structures. It has a sedative, hypnotic and antiemetic effect. It is more effective in bronchospasm caused by histamine liberators (tubocurarine, morphine, sombrevin), to a lesser extent - in allergic bronchospasm. In bronchial asthma, it is inactive and is used in combination with theophylline, ephedrine and other bronchodilators.
Pharmacokinetics:
When taken orally, it is rapidly and well absorbed. Contacts proteins of plasma for 98-99%. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma is reached after 1-4 hours after ingestion. Most of the accepted diphenhydramine is metabolized in the liver. The half-life (T1 / 2) is 1-4 hours. It is widely distributed in the body, passes through the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. Excreted in milk and may cause sedation in infants. During the day, it is completely excreted from the body mainly in the form of benzhydrol conjugated with glucuronic acid, and only in a non-cordial amount - unchanged. The maximum effect develops after 1 hour after ingestion, the duration of action is from 4 to 6 hours.
Diphenhydramine method of administration and dose:
inside. Adults, 30-50 mg 1-3 times daily. The course of treatment is 10-15 days. Higher doses for adults: single - 100 mg, daily - 250 mg. With insomnia - 50 mg 20-30 minutes before bedtime. For the treatment of idiopathic and postencephalitic parkinsonism - initially 25 mg 3 times every day, followed by a gradual increase in dose, if required, up to 50 mg 4 times a day. When motion sickness - 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours if necessary. Children 2-6 years old - 12.5-25 mg each, 6-12 years old - 25-50 mg every 6-8 hours (no more than 75 mg / day for babies 2-6 years old and no more than 150 mg / day for babies 6 -12 years old). V / m, 50-250 mg; the highest single dose - 50 mg, daily - 150 mg. In / in drip - 20-50 mg (in 75-100 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution). Rectally. Suppositories are administered 1-2 times a day after a cleansing enema or spontaneous bowel movement. Children under 3 years old - 5 mg, 3-4 years old - 10 mg; 5-7 years - 15 mg, 8-14 years - 20 mg. In ophthalmology: 1-2 drops of 0.2-0.5% solution are instilled into the conjunctival sac 2-3-5 times a day. Intranasally. With allergic vasomotor, acute rhinitis, rhinosinusopathy, it is prescribed in the form of sticks containing 0.05 g of diphenhydramine.
Diphenhydramine gel is used externally. Apply a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin several times every day.
Diphenhydramine contraindications:
Hypersusceptibility, breastfeeding, childhood (newborn period and prematurity), angle-closure glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, stenosing gastric and duodenal ulcer, pyloroduodenal obstruction, bladder neck stenosis, pregnancy, bronchial asthma.
Use with other medicinal products:
Sleeping pills, sedatives, tranquilizers and alcohol increase (mutually) CNS depression. MAO inhibitors enhance and prolong anticholinergic effects.
Overdose:
Symptoms: dry mouth, shortness of breath, persistent mydriasis, redness of the face, depression or excitement (more often in babies) of the central nervous system, confusion; in babies - the development of seizures and death.
Treatment: induction of vomiting, gastric lavage, administration of activated charcoal; symptomatic and supportive therapy against the background of careful monitoring of breathing and blood pressure levels.
Special instructions:
Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, diseases of the cardiovascular system, in old age. It should not be used during work by drivers of vehicles and people whose profession is associated with increased concentration of attention. During the period of treatment should avoid the use of alcoholic beverages.
Diphenhydramine side effects:
From the nervous system and sensory organs: general weakness, fatigue, sedation, decreased attention, dizziness, drowsiness, headache, impaired coordination of movements, anxiety, high excitability (especially in babies), irritability, nervousness, insomnia, euphoria, confusion , tremor, neuritis, convulsions, paresthesia; blurred vision, diplopia, acute labyrinthitis, tinnitus. In patients with local brain damage or epilepsy, it activates (even at low doses) convulsive discharges on the EEG and can provoke an epileptic seizure.
From the side of the cardiovascular system and blood: hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, extrasystole, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia.
From the digestive tract: dry mouth, short-term numbness of the oral mucosa, anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
From the genitourinary system: frequent and / or difficult urination, urinary retention, early menstruation.
From the respiratory system: dryness of the nose and throat, nasal congestion, thickening of bronchial secretions, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath.
Allergic reactions: rash, urticaria, anaphylactic shock.
Other: sweating, chills, photosensitivity.
Release form:
There are such forms of release of Dimedrol:
Powder; tablets of 0.02; 0.03 and 0.05 g; suppositories with diphenhydramine 0.005 each; 0.001; 0.015 and 0.02 g; sticks with diphenhydramine 0.05 g; 1% solution in ampoules and syringe tubes. Candles with diphenhydramine are intended for use in pediatric practice. Gel for external use, pencils.
Synonyms:
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, Diphenhydramine, Allergan B, Benadryl, Benzhydramine, Alledryl, Allergival, Amidryl, Diabenil, Dimedryl, Dimidryl, Restamin.
Storage conditions:
List B. In a well-closed container, protected from light and moisture; tablets and ampoules - in a place protected from light; candles - in a dry, cool, dark place.
Dimedrol composition:
White fine-crystalline powder of bitter taste; causes numbness of the tongue. Hygroscopic. Easily soluble in water, very easily in alcohol. Aqueous solutions (pH 1% solution 5.0 - 6.5) are sterilized at +100 ° C for 30 minutes.
Attention!
Before using the medication "Dimedrol" it is necessary to consult a doctor.
The instructions are provided solely for familiarization with " Diphenhydramine».