The size of the abdominal organs in children is a table. How is abdominal ultrasound done for children: how to prepare for the study and what does it show? What organs are examined on an abdominal ultrasound

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19.10.2020
Deciphering normal ultrasound indicators abdominal cavity in children and adults. The conclusion of the doctor, the norms and the procedure.

Ultrasound is an affordable, fairly accurate method for detecting many diseases. The principle of operation of the procedure is to reflect ultrasound from the tissues of internal organs, which makes it possible to visualize the image on the monitor. Precise equipment determines many significant factors, an increase in the size of the abdominal organs. After that, the specialist records the received data, deviations and compliance with the standards. The result is used in combination with other medical information and the correct treatment is prescribed.

Features of the procedure

Ultrasound technology is safe for health and effective. The procedure for the abdominal organs involves some preparation. It is based on the observance of certain dietary restrictions, the exclusion from the diet of carbonated and alcoholic beverages, as well as cleansing the body. All this is necessary so that in the process it is possible to obtain the most accurate information about the state of the internal organs of the patient. The purpose of an ultrasound scan may be a routine examination or an emergency identification of the causes of symptoms. The implementation of the technique can also be carried out in order to clarify the diagnosis in case of doubt. Ultrasound of the abdominal organs is aimed at examining the following elements:

  • Gallbladder;
  • pancreatic glands;
  • Liver;
  • urinary system;
  • The largest vessels of the circulatory system;
  • Lymphoid system, spleen.

As a result, important parameters are determined, for example, an increase in the size of organs or the thickness of a kidney. By pinpointing the cause of the symptoms, subsequent therapy is effective. Also, compliance with normal indicators or a deviation from the norm is revealed.

Conducting an ultrasound involves preliminary preparation, which allows you to get accurate information. During the procedure, an image is displayed on the monitor using a special sensor. The duration of the entire process does not exceed 20 minutes. This method characterizes absolute painlessness and safety for human health. Therefore, ultrasound for the abdominal organs is a popular technique.

Indications for the implementation of the ultrasound method can be various ailments and symptoms. If you feel discomfort in the right hypochondrium, with pain in the epigastrium and the umbilical region, aching pain and a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, it is important to timely diagnose by ultrasound. In these cases, it is important to determine the compliance or deviation from normal performance. Examination of internal organs is also carried out for preventive purposes and for monitoring the state of health.

Basic indicators


In the process of ultrasound of the abdominal organs, a comprehensive diagnosis and examination is carried out. The conclusion about the presence or absence of any pathology is issued based on the results of the indicators issued by ultrasound. In the process, all information about the state of the tissues, the correspondence of sizes to normal indicators, the presence of a tumor and foreign elements, etc. is recorded. The subsequent necessary therapy is selected on the basis of ultrasound of the abdominal zone and clinical, outpatient data.

Examination of each organ requires maximum attention. When examining the liver, such indicators as the level of tissue echogenicity, an increase in parameters, and location are determined. Normal performance for a person, they depend on age, weight and other parameters, but the size of the left side is 6 - 8 cm, and the right side is 12.5 cm. The structure of the organ with normal indicators should be uniform.

When examining the liver, an assessment of the state of the gallbladder is also carried out. Ultrasound is then the safest method for women during pregnancy and for children. The normal parameters for this body are the following parameters:

  • Length - 7 - 10 cm;
  • Width 3 - 4 cm;
  • Hepatic duct diameter - 3 or 5 mm;
  • Bile common duct with a diameter of 4 or 6 mm.

Examination of the gallbladder allows you to establish the compliance of the data with normal indicators and identify the causes of deviations. This is how the gallbladder, liver and ducts can be effectively controlled and treated. Ultrasound of the biliary tract also allows you to capture all the necessary information about the patient's health status.

With an ultrasound of the abdominal region, an examination of the spleen is performed. In this case, the normal indicators are: length - 12 cm, thickness - 4, and width - up to 8 cm. If an increase in size is detected, then the symptoms are determined, the reasons for the deviation from normal indicators. These may be malformations, deformation, location and other factors.

Ultrasound in the abdominal cavity also includes an examination of the bladder and other elements of this organ system. There are certain indications for which it is worth carrying out such a procedure for adults or children. For example, in case of any pathologies of organ development, in the presence of stones or neoplasms, and in other cases. Normal indicators for an adult: the length of the kidney should be 10 or 12 cm, the width - 6 cm, the thickness of the organ - 4 or 5 cm. The norm depends on the age of the person, and small deviations are recorded as a result.

The procedure allows you to identify stones in the bladder, the absence or presence of a bladder tumor, any violations of the outflow of urine, location and other features. The level of functioning of organs, the structure and condition of tissues is also assessed. Ultrasound of the gallbladder, as well as the tissue of the pancreas and the abdominal area as a whole is effective method to monitor the patient's health.

results


An examination of this type for the gallbladder and other organs is an informative diagnostic technique. After the procedure, the specialist records the received data. For example, the absence or presence of a pancreatic tumor or the level of urine outflow from the kidney, the parameters of the elements, their increase.

The following indicators are defined:

  • Form and parameters of the element;
  • The thickness of the shell of hollow organs (gall bladder, stomach, etc.);
  • echostructure and echogenicity;
  • Any education.

The transcript is a qualified, complete and accurate description of the conducted echogram. This concept implies an image that is visible on the monitor during the procedure for the gallbladder, spleen and other organs. The transcript indicates all compliance and non-compliance with the norm of parameters, extraneous formations and other factors. The result is used only in combination with other medical information, such as the result of a clinical examination and outpatient data. It is then that the selection of treatment and determination of the patient's state of health is carried out. It is worth considering that small deviations from the norm are an acceptable factor, but a serious discrepancy with the norm is recorded and taken into account when prescribing treatment.

Proper preparation, timely examination and health monitoring are important principles for successfully solving many problems, for example, if there is an increase in the size or a violation of the echogenicity of liver tissues. You can examine the gallbladder, liver or spleen using ultrasound, as this is an absolutely safe, but very effective technique.

The protocol of ultrasound of the abdominal cavity is conducted by a doctor. He will write a conclusion on the decoding after the procedure, the size of the gallbladder, spleen, liver and other things.

The main function of the liver is to filter the blood. All substances that enter the intestines pass through the liver. In the process of cleansing, a small part of the substances settles in the tissues of the organ, and the rest of the substances enter the bloodstream.

Various pathologies and diseases of the liver are manifested by an increase in the size of the organ. When examining by using ultrasound equipment, the parameters of the internal organs are clarified, the results are compared with the normal size of the liver according to ultrasound in children according to the table.

If you suspect any problems in the liver, the doctor prescribes an ultrasound examination (ultrasonographic examination). Before the procedure, preparation for the study should be carried out:

  • within 3 days before the scheduled examination, it is recommended to follow a diet, it is desirable to limit the use of high-calorie and gas-producing foods;
  • temporarily exclude foods containing fiber from the diet;
  • if the child is overweight, then before the ultrasound it is necessary to do a cleansing enema;
  • Ultrasound of the liver for a child is performed on an empty stomach, the last meal should be 6 hours before the procedure;
  • if the newborn requires food or is thirsty, then drinking water can be given.

The procedure itself is carried out in this way: the child is placed on the couch with his stomach up, a gel is applied to the study area, which improves the permeability of the ultrasound signal through the skin and internal tissues and organs. An image of the liver appears on the monitor. If necessary, ultrasound can be performed on the side.

An ultrasound examination at 2 years old can be performed using light anesthesia, which makes the child less mobile during the procedure.

What symptoms does a young patient face if the organ is enlarged

Some symptoms may indicate a violation of the liver, and hence its increase. The patient experiences such symptoms if the organ is enlarged:

  • jaundice;
  • nausea;
  • pain in the liver area;
  • spider veins on the skin;
  • violation of the chair;
  • vomit;
  • change in taste preferences;
  • decrease in appetite;
  • lethargy, capriciousness, tearfulness;
  • heaviness in the right side.

If the liver parameters exceed the norm, the roughness of the edge of the organ is obvious or relative, and based on complaints, the doctor suspects a malfunction of the internal organs, additional examinations may be prescribed.

When is the procedure prescribed for newborns and infants up to a year and after

Parents need to know when to prescribe the procedure for newborns and infants up to a year and after. Diagnostics using ultrasound allows you to recognize the presence of stones, papillomas, pathological neoplasms, and other structural changes in time.

An ultrasound examination is prescribed for newborns in order to identify possible congenital pathologies that can develop into serious conditions with age. Identification of a discrepancy in the size of the organ forces a re-diagnosis every six months.

Norms of the size of the liver according to ultrasound in children

The doctor must know the norms for the size of the liver on ultrasound in children in order to compare them with the results obtained. The right and left lobes of the liver, portal vein, bile ducts, and blood vessels are examined.

Interpretation of diagnostic results

The interpretation of the ultrasound data of the liver in children is carried out by a pediatrician with a specialization in sonography. The description consists in comparing the size of the organ with the tabular values ​​in the norm. Ultrasound can detect pathologies such as:

Due to such an extensive list of possible results, test indicators, the doctor's qualifications must be at the proper level so as not to miss deviations from the norm.

Veins and the organ itself

Due to the small size of the liver in a newborn child, the organ is usually measured along the vertical line of the right lobe. With age, the size of the veins and the organ itself increases by about 6 mm per year:

  • the liver of a newborn child is 5-5.5 cm vertically in the right lobe;
  • by the year, this parameter reaches 7.5 cm;
  • at 2 years - 8-8.5 cm;
  • by 5 years - 10 cm;
  • the organ of a healthy child of 8 years old has a size of about 12 cm;
  • in a teenager, the height of the right lobe is 15 cm.

An important parameter in the study of the liver on ultrasound is the size of large blood vessels. So, the dimensions of the largest portal vein are as follows:

The superior mesenteric vein has the following dimensions:

Parameters of the superior mesenteric artery:

Minor deviations in the parameters of the organ should be considered pathological in the presence of concomitant symptoms indicating various diseases.

According to Kurlov

The method for determining the size of the liver according to Kurlov consists in identifying the extreme points of the organ by percussion (tapping) and measuring the distances between these points. In children under the age of three, this method is considered ineffective, since their organ is slightly enlarged even in the norm. A more reliable way to examine young children is palpation - the border of the organ (lower) is easy to determine by palpation.

So, normally, in a child under 3 years old, the liver protrudes from under the rib on the right side by 2 cm. With age, the organ hides under the ribs, and by the age of 7, the Kurlov method can be applied.

Treatment of diseases

Depending on the cause of the organ enlargement in a child, the course of treatment is determined. In some cases, it is enough to stick to the diet for a while. In severe conditions (cirrhosis, cancer), surgery may be required.

A course of medication can be prescribed, which is carried out at home. In some cases, the child is recommended to be hospitalized for the period of treatment in order to monitor his condition.

Treatment of diseases includes taking hepatoprotectors, which help the liver cope with stress. If hepatitis is diagnosed, the doctor prescribes antiviral drugs. If neoplasms are detected, the patient should undergo anticancer therapy. Liver dysfunction caused by diseases of other organs and systems is eliminated by treating the underlying disease in combination with taking hepatoprotectors.

Features of the symptoms of hepatomegaly

Hepatomegaly is an enlargement of the liver. In children, this is not necessarily an indicator of illness - the child's liver has physiologically increased parameters. This is due to the accelerated metabolism in childhood.

Symptoms characteristic of an enlarged liver are indicated above.

At the present stage of development of medicine, ultrasound for children is carried out starting from the neonatal period, even in the first days after birth. This is due to the fact that the ultrasound diagnostic method provides the doctor with fairly accurate data about the area under study and does not cause any harm or discomfort to the baby.

Types of ultrasound

A neonatologist or pediatrician is given the opportunity to independently decide on the need for an ultrasound scan. However, for some studies, there are certain recommendations on the timing of their appointment.

Types of ultrasound of the baby:

  • (ultrasound of the brain).
  • Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and.
  • Echo-KG (ultrasound of the heart,).

This is a list of the most frequently conducted studies. However, children's ultrasound is actually no different from that of adults, so you can also examine the thyroid and mammary glands, soft tissues, organs of the reproductive system and other areas.

The difference lies only in the structural features of the child's body.

Neurosonography

This is a scan of the baby's brain, often performed on the third day after birth and repeated after 1-2 months if necessary.

Indications for ultrasound:

  • Prematurity.
  • Suspicion of malformation.
  • Neurological symptoms that may indicate brain damage.
  • Traumatic brain injury.
  • Signs of inflammatory brain damage.
  • Oxygen starvation (ischemia).

However, more and more often this study is carried out routinely for all babies, which is associated with the possibility of identifying or excluding hidden pathology.

Mom needs to be especially careful and if the following symptoms appear in the baby, you should sign up for neurosonography:

  • change in the child's behavior: unusual excessive excitability or lethargy;
  • frequent or profuse regurgitation, not associated with digestion;
  • rapid disproportionate increase in the head of the child.

The examination starts from the area of ​​the anterior fontanel, since in this place the bones of the child's skull have not yet fused. With a gradual decrease in its size, the study becomes impossible, so neurosonography is performed during the neonatal period.

When scanning, the doctor evaluates the location of the brain regions, their structure and maturity, the presence of additional formations (for example, cysts), tissue edema, and makes an opinion.

An obligatory stage of ultrasound of the brain is the analysis of blood flow in the vessels, thanks to which it is possible to judge the sufficiency of cerebral circulation.

Ultrasound of the abdominal organs and kidneys

The study of internal organs is carried out according to indications, that is, when symptoms occur that are characteristic of their abnormal work. This ultrasound is not mandatory for all children, however, many pediatricians are inclined to believe that all children at the age of 1 month should be examined.

With ultrasound of the OBP and kidneys, the doctor analyzes the structure and dimensions:

  • liver and biliary system;
  • pancreas;
  • spleen;
  • kidneys and adrenal glands;
  • aorta;
  • abdominal lymph nodes.

With good imaging, the doctor will evaluate the stomach and intestines.


Indications for ultrasound of the OBP can be various conditions and complaints, including:

  1. Complaints: pain or discomfort in the abdomen, problems with digestion or stool, and others.
  2. Clinical manifestations: bloating or enlargement of the abdomen, loose stools or constipation, decreased appetite, yellowing of the skin, enlarged liver.
  3. Changes in the general or biochemical analysis of blood, in the analysis of urine.

Special preparation for ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and kidneys of infants is not required, so you should not force the baby to starve.

Children over 5 years old can come to the study hungry, but they must definitely take food with them. If it is necessary to determine the function of the gallbladder in older children, you should try to bring the child on an empty stomach and take a jar of fatty cottage cheese or yogurt with you. Mom will receive all other instructions during the ultrasound.

Ultrasound of the hip joints

The need for ultrasound of the hip joints in an infant is most often associated with the probable dysplasia of these joints.

Predisposing factors for the development of this pathology include:

  • a similar pathology in the parents of the baby;
  • breech presentation;
  • oligohydramnios and multiple pregnancy;
  • external causes, such as poor nutrition, living in a disadvantaged area;
  • infectious diseases that disrupt the proper formation of joint surfaces.

However, the exact reason why this pathology develops has not been established. In the presence of any of the predisposing factors, you should consult a doctor and conduct an ultrasound of the hip joint.

Symptoms for which dysplasia can be suspected:

  • increased tone of the legs and limitation when breeding the hips;
  • leg shortening;
  • clicking when moving in the hip joint;
  • different in depth and asymmetrical folds on the buttocks.

Indications for ultrasound examination of the hip joints in the first month of life are:

  1. Clinical symptoms.
  2. Features of the course of pregnancy and childbirth.
  3. hereditary factors.

An examination is carried out with a special linear sensor in the position of the baby lying on its side. During the examination, the doctor visually assesses the position of the femoral head relative to the acetabulum. After removing the structures of the joint in the desired position, the doctor takes a picture and assesses the condition of the hip joint by measuring special angles.

Only after that it is possible to analyze the result of the study and make a conclusion, which will indicate the type of joint or the degree of dysplasia.

Echo CG of the heart


Functional ultrasound examination of the heart of an infant will help not only to detect any changes in a timely manner, but also to choose the right tactics for treating and monitoring the baby.

Indications for a heart examination may include:

  • Suspicion of pathology when listening to heart sounds at a pediatrician's appointment.
  • The presence of such a symptom as a blue nasolabial triangle. Most often it manifests itself when the child sucks or cries.
  • Lowering the temperature of the legs or arms for no apparent reason.
  • Lethargy, refusal of milk, or difficulty suckling at the breast. These symptoms are regarded in the absence of other diseases, such as the digestive system.
  • The baby is gaining weight poorly for no apparent reason.
  • Hereditary factors when congenital heart disease is diagnosed in close relatives.

When the child gets older, he may complain of pain or discomfort in the region of the heart, there may also be loss of consciousness, shortness of breath.

During the examination, the doctor evaluates.

With the introduction of ultrasound equipment, the methods of diagnosing disorders of the functional activity of internal organs have changed, which for many years consisted of a banal visual examination of the patient and palpation. Any doctor, after listening to the patient's complaints, immediately directs him to an ultrasound of the abdominal organs. This method is one of the few instrumental studies that can be performed without any fear on patients of any age, even children!

An ultrasound examination is used even before the birth of a child - to study the nature of its development and evaluate vital signs. After the birth of a baby, practicing pediatricians consider it necessary to perform an ultrasound scan of the brain, hip joints, urinary (kidneys, bladder and ureters) and abdominal organs (liver, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and its ducts).

The capabilities of modern equipment have brought ultrasound diagnostics to a high level and allow us to assess the state of the child's body with high accuracy. In our article, we want to provide information on when it is necessary to conduct an abdominal ultrasound for a child, how to properly prepare for the procedure, what are the features of its implementation and what problems can be detected during the examination.

What is a Pediatric Abdominal Ultrasound?

The method of ultrasound examination is based on the ability of various tissues of the human body to transmit vibrations of supersonic waves in different ways. Special equipment sends a high-frequency sound wave into the cavity of the patient under study, when it is reflected from the organ under study, creating an echo that is picked up by the scanning sensor. After special processing, the organ under study is reflected on the monitor of the device in the form of a graphic picture.

With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to study the features of the anatomical structure and functional activity of the digestive organs without damaging the integrity of the skin. According to qualified specialists, this diagnostic method is the most effective, painless and safe. Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity for children is actively used in neonatology, surgery, oncology, gastroenterology and endocrinology:

  • to determine the size, shape and localization of any of the abdominal organs;
  • studying the homogeneity and structure of their tissues;
  • detection of existing developmental anomalies, injuries, inflammatory processes and tumor-like formations;
  • assessing the possibility of complications of diagnosed pathologies.

Caring parents always ask the question: "Is it possible to examine the abdominal organs of a newborn child using ultrasound?" - do not refuse the proposal of the local pediatrician - the procedure will not have a negative effect on the body of the crumbs and will not cause him pain

Indications and contraindications for ultrasound

First of all, ultrasound scanning is an examination that, for the purpose of mandatory medical examination of children, is carried out at 1 month, 7 and 14 years. For newborn babies, a diagnostic procedure is prescribed to exclude birth defects digestive tract that require urgent surgical intervention:

  • atresia of the bile ducts;
  • congenital pyloric stenosis or hepatitis;
  • damage to the parenchymal tissue of organs;
  • reactive pancreatitis.

During schooling and especially at adolescence, pediatricians prescribe ultrasound to diagnose cholecystitis, biliary tract dysfunction, cholelithiasis, and pancreatitis. Performing an examination of internal organs is necessary in emergency situations - if you suspect an injury, abscess, appendicitis.

There are many indications for the appointment of ultrasound:

  • discomfort and pain in the abdomen;
  • nausea;
  • heaviness and tension in the right hypochondrium;
  • frequent vomiting;
  • halitosis (unpleasant breath odor);
  • bitter taste in the mouth;
  • sour belching;
  • flatulence;
  • stool disorders;
  • yellowness of the sclera and skin;
  • a sharp change in body weight;
  • rashes on the skin.

Echoscanning has practically no age restrictions, relative contraindications are: severe somatic status of the child, open wounds, the presence of postoperative drainage, purulent lesions of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall.

Rules for preparing for the procedure

Ultrasound examination does not cause any discomfort or fear in children. However, it is necessary to prepare for it in advance and not feed the baby on the eve of the procedure. The period of hunger should be: for an infant - 3 hours, for a baby up to three years of age - 4 hours, for a child over three years old - 6 hours. An important condition for the informativeness of the diagnostic procedure is the absence of accumulation of gases in the abdominal cavity.

Therefore, to improve the visualization of the organs under study, preliminary preparation is required:

  • A nursing mother should stop eating foods that contribute to the formation of gases in the intestines - legumes, raw vegetables, black bread, confectionery, pastry, juices, milk.
  • A young child does not need to drink juices and feed fruit or vegetable puree.
  • Older children should follow a special diet for three days, excluding flatulence and constipation. The diet should include lean meat (boiled, baked or steamed), boiled eggs, cereals, cheese. On the day of the examination, it is only allowed to drink water without gas.


In an emergency situation (injury to the abdominal organs, internal bleeding, severe pain syndrome, etc.), the child is diagnosed with ultrasound without prior preparation

How is an abdominal ultrasound done for children?

Ultrasound diagnostics is performed by a qualified specialist who is well versed in the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the child's body. To perform the procedure, the child is placed on his back and the abdomen is freed from clothing. The doctor of functional diagnostics applies a special hypoallergenic gel to the skin of the anterior abdominal wall and drives a special device (convex probe), which ensures the penetration of ultrasound with minimal energy loss and fixes the parameters of internal organs.

The duration of the examination can be from 15 minutes to half an hour. If necessary, additional methods can be used: pulsed streaming spectral Dopplerography - to record the parameters of blood supply to internal organs, duplex / triplex scanning of blood vessels.

What does the echoscopic image show?

Normal indicators are characterized by the absence of changes in the parameters of internal organs, additional shadows and free effusion in the abdominal cavity. Depending on the age of the child, these parameters differ, however, the presence of pathological processes is indicated by:

  • reduction / increase in the size of organs;
  • displacement and change of their contours;
  • swollen lymph nodes;
  • neoplasms, free fluid, pathological inclusions.

Spleen - this organ increases in size with pathologies of the hematopoietic system (leukemia, lymphomas, anemia, etc.). Lymph nodes of the mesentery of the intestine - their increase is observed in inflammatory processes. At the end of the diagnostic procedure, parents are given the received spectrograms and their description.


The abdominal cavity is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, therefore, the assessment of the state of the organs located above is not included in the study.

It is important to remember that the conclusion of the ultrasound is not the final verdict! Deciphering the results of the study and making a diagnosis is carried out only by a clinician based on the history, physical examination and laboratory tests.

Conclusion

The issue of safety of ultrasound diagnostics is of most concern to parents when it comes to examining their child. Modern medicine does not have a single proof of the danger of this method! The only negative effect of a supersonic wave with a frequency of more than 20 thousand Hz is cavitation - the formation of small cavities in a liquid medium with negative pressure, which are immediately filled with liquid.

However, the power of diagnostic ultrasound is much lower, the device's sensor does not concentrate the wave on individual points. There are no grounds for assuming the danger of ultrasonography for the cells of a child's body! Summing up the above information, I would like to emphasize once again that abdominal ultrasound is an excellent way to timely diagnose pathological processes in the internal organs of a child and carry out successful treatment.

Good day, dear parents. In this article we will talk about how to do an ultrasound of the abdominal cavity in children. You will know how to prepare your baby for this procedure, and what indications indicate the need for an ultrasound.

Indications for carrying out

Bad breath may be an indication for abdominal ultrasound

In children under one year old, the need for an ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is determined by the presence of the following factors:

  • in a newborn to exclude congenital pathologies, especially for those who had a difficult birth;
  • with frequent regurgitation;
  • lack of weight;
  • in order to refute or confirm pylorospasm;
  • in the presence of diarrhea;
  • in the absence of elevated temperature.

In older children, the indications for an ultrasound scan will be:

  • feeling of bitterness in the mouth;
  • bad smell from the mouth, which is present throughout the day;
  • pain in the abdominal cavity without a clear localization;
  • belching, especially sour or bitter;
  • oversized gas formation;
  • detection of enlarged organs in the abdominal cavity during palpation;
  • injury to the abdomen.

Preparatory stage

Preparing for an ultrasound of the abdominal organs, you need to pay special attention to nutrition

  • dairy, sour-milk products;
  • fresh vegetables and fruits;
  • muffin;
  • black bread;
  • fatty meat and fish;
  • legumes;
  • soda.

Procedure

Ultrasound is a painless diagnostic method.

  1. The baby lies on the couch, which is pre-made.
  2. The child lifts the jacket, exposing the stomach and lowers the pants a little, unbuttoning the fly, if any.
  3. The doctor applies a special gel to the sensor, starting to drive along the child's stomach in its various departments.
  4. During the examination, it may be necessary for the little one to puff out his tummy for a better examination of the internal organs.
  5. Often this study is carried out together with an examination of the kidneys. Then there will be a need to roll over on the stomach and side.
  6. Upon completion of the procedure, the doctor will give the baby a napkin or wipe the gel on his own.

Norm

  • the presence of organ sizes in accordance with the age of the child;
  • absence of stones in the gallbladder;
  • the correct form of organs;
  • Wall thickness;
  • good outlines;
  • lack of tissue growth, tumors and cysts;
  • normal vessel size.

What the results say

In the study of the liver, the following diseases can be detected:

When examining the spleen, it is diagnosed:

  • organ hypertrophy;
  • gap;
  • internal bleeding.

Examination of the gallbladder can reveal:

  • the presence of stones;
  • cholecystitis;
  • dropsy.

Examination of the pancreas may indicate the presence of pancreatitis.

A general examination of the abdominal cavity can reveal:

  • stagnation of blood in the liver;
  • an increase in retroperitoneal lymph nodes;
  • narrowing of the bile ducts;
  • an increase in the size of the spleen;
  • pathology in the processes of blood circulation of the abdominal aorta.

The procedure itself is painless, lasting no more than 15 minutes. However, going to the ultrasound room for the first time, the baby may be afraid. The task of the parents is to do everything to calm the little one, and so that the study itself goes as calmly as possible for him.