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A little story about a berry. Speech development
"for children about garden berries" - as the value of the property
Unique designation: children about garden berries (story)
Designation: children about garden berries
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GRAPE
People have been growing grapes for thousands of years. As early as the 5th millennium BC, it was known in Asia Minor, Syria and Palestine. Then it began to be cultivated in the states of Mesopotamia, Assyria and Babylon, as well as in Egypt.
In the wild, grape stems wrap around trees like creepers. This property of grapes is still used today. Ornamental hedges are made from bushes of wild grapes.
Wild grapes have small sour berries. To make the grapes large and sweet, growers cut off extra branches. Nutrients are not spent on new stems and leaves, but enter the ripening berries. Cultivated grapes were obtained as a result of numerous crossings of wild grapes growing in Central and Southern Europe, as well as in Asia Minor.
A special role was given to grapes in ancient Greece. Already at that time, people learned to get juice and wine from grapes.
Grapes spread across Europe further north. He came to Russia at the end of the 16th century. The first vineyard was planted at the monastery in Astrakhan. Peter I issued a decree on the cultivation of grapes in the villages of the Don Cossacks.
Grapes are eaten fresh, compotes and juices are prepared from it. The properties of berries are preserved in dried fruits. Dried grapes (raisins) in ancient times were taken with them on military campaigns.
Depending on the variety, grapes can be round or elongated, as well as red, dark blue or white-green. In total, more than 5 thousand varieties of grapes are known in the world.
Even the temperature at which it grows affects the taste of grapes. If it is dry and warm, the berries are sweet and juicy, and if it is cold, the grapes become sour.
The best varieties of grapes are grown on the slopes of hills and mountains. It is especially good to plant these berries on the eastern slopes, which are warmed up in the morning by the sun's rays. The most famous vineyards are located in France, Italy, Spain and the Crimea.
MYSTERY
On a drawstring
Sweet berries pile -
For a big dish.
(Grapes) FOLK SIGNS Frequent and cold rains - no bees, no grapes.
STRAWBERRY
I walked in the forest, I carry strawberries
I was looking for her, I collected her.
I'll bring it to kindergarten -
I'll feed all the guys.
(A. Brodsky) 
Strawberry bushes grow in forests, forest ravines, bushes, in the valleys of rivers and streams. Stems with bright red berries droop to the ground - hence the name of the plant. Strawberries are an unusually fragrant and tasty berry. Its scientific name is fragaria, which means fragrant.
Strawberries are often referred to as strawberries. In fact, strawberries, although similar to strawberries, are a different type of plant. Strawberries have small berries, so they are not used for breeding.
To collect forest strawberries, you will have to work hard. Berries hid under green leaves. You need to bend down to the ground, lift the leaves - then you will notice the strawberries.
Garden strawberries were bred in the 18th century. The French officer A. Frezier brought five strawberry bushes from Chile to Europe. They were planted next to a Virginia strawberry bush from North America. This is how garden strawberries appeared. Currently, about two thousand of its varieties are known, more than a million tons of berries are harvested annually in the world.
People called strawberries "the queen of berries" for a reason. It contains many useful substances and vitamins. Healing decoctions from dried berries and strawberry leaves are drunk for sore throats, colds.
The day of July 9, the peasants in Rus' associated with the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God. As if she appeared after long wanderings in the strawberry fields, where the city of Tikhvin now stands. If you eat a glass of strawberries on this day, you will be charged with energy for the whole year.
RIDDLES
Like on a stitch, on a track
I see scarlet earrings.
Here is the earring I found.
Bent over one
And I hit ten!
(Strawberry) FOLK SIGNS
Strawberries are red - not this oats in vain.
When they mow, they bring strawberries home.
RASPBERRIES
Full basket
Raspberry
I'll bring it home.
I'll make jam
There will be a treat
For friends in winter!
(T. Shorygina) 
In the temperate zone of Eurasia, in the European part of Russia, in Siberia and the Far East, common raspberries are found. Raspberry bushes reach a height of two meters.
Raspberry thickets can be seen on forest clearings and edges. Berries, like red lanterns, strewn branches. Berries ripen earlier than others on the upper branches, closer to the sun.
In the first year of life, raspberries have grassy shoots with thin thorns. There are no flowers or fruits yet. In the second year, the stems become woody and white flowers form on them, and then small green berries appear. They sing and turn red.
Raspberries are collected from small drupes, which are tightly pressed against each other. Each small drupe contains a hard seed. Forest animals and birds eat raspberries with pleasure. The bear especially loves her.
Raspberries contain sugars, vitamins, organic acids, pectin and tannins. Dried fruit tea is a diaphoretic and antipyretic. An infusion is brewed from the leaves - “raspberry tea”, which is used to gargle with sore throat and inflammation of the larynx. With a cold, raspberry jam is very useful.
On August 17, on Avdotyin Day, the peasants went to the forest for raspberries. On this day, the guys do not choose brides - they are all handsome, like a red raspberry. The guy in the raspberry tree will think, then the girl will appear to him; he will rush to hug her, and instead of a beautiful girl, there will be a raspberry bush, or even a she-bear, feasting on raspberries.
According to the degree of ripeness of raspberries, the peasants determined the time for sowing rye. Raspberries were harvested for future use, dried, prepared jam and juices.
MYSTERY
Red beads hang, they look at us from the bushes,
These children, birds and bears are very fond of beads.
(Raspberry) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
Avdotya Malinovka - forest raspberries ripen.
I didn’t take raspberries in my mouth - I didn’t see life.
BLACKBERRY
The taste of the berry is good,
But rip it off, go ahead,
Bush in thorns, like a hedgehog -
That's why it's called a blackberry. 
Blackberries are similar to raspberries - black with a bluish bloom, sweet and sour. But in raspberries, ripe fruits easily come off the receptacle, the berry remains in the hands, hollow inside. It is not so easy to pick a blackberry berry from a bush - the fruit is separated from the twig along with the receptacle.
Blackberry is common in Eurasia and North America. It grows in damp forests, forest ravines, in the valleys of rivers and streams. Blackberry shrubs are taller than raspberries - up to 2 meters, and very prickly, hence the name of the plant. Often blackberries grow strongly, forming impenetrable thickets together with other shrubs.
Blackberries contain sugars and organic acids, carotene, vitamins B and C. Berries are used fresh and processed. Infusion of leaves is used for colds, intestinal disorders, sore throats. Useful fragrant tea from dried fruits and leaves.
Garden blackberries are grown on personal plots. Blackberry varieties have been bred that do not have thorns at all on the stems. However, they do not tolerate temperature fluctuations well and do not take root well in cold climates.
Cultivated blackberries are grown mainly by amateur gardeners. The best varieties of blackberries - "Texas" and "Abundant" - were bred by the famous Russian scientist I.V. Michurin.
In total, there are 500 varieties of blackberries - more than raspberries. But breeders cannot cross raspberries with blackberries. Scientists managed to get a blackberry hybrid with another relative - dewberry, which is also called the creeping blackberry. The thorns of the dewberry are even larger than those of the blackberry, but the berries are very tasty.
MYSTERY
Dressed - hedgehog,
And crawling - like a snake.
(Blackberry)
CHERRY
early spring
This year
I planted myself
My cherry.
And now take a look:
overtaking me,
Growing up over the summer
My cherry!
(G. Boyko) 
In ancient times, cherry was considered a magical tree with unlimited healing properties, and it was recommended to rub sore spots on the trunk. The ash left after the burning of the cherry tree was also considered healing. In Europe, cherries began to be bred in the 1st century AD. Much later it was brought to Rus'. The first cherry orchards appeared in our country in the 15th century.
Cherries have dark red sour fruits. They even came up with a color - cherry. There are sour varieties of cherries, and there are sweeter ones, for example, Vladimirskaya. Variety English early - a hybrid of cherries and cherries. Her berries are very sweet.
Cherry berries contain many useful substances, vitamins, metal salts. Cherries are considered one of the most versatile berries that can be perfectly mixed with all other fruits, and the result will be excellent.
Cherries that grow in cooler climates have 2 to 3 times more vitamin C in their fruits than those of comfort cherries that ripen in the south. There is twice as much iron in a cherry as in an apple.
Experienced gardeners plant different varieties of cherries nearby. They pollinate each other, and the harvest is more plentiful.
Cherry tolerates winter frosts well, it is also resistant to sudden climate changes, such as drought. The only thing this unpretentious tree does not like is damp, wet lowlands.
The symbol of Japan - sakura - is also a cherry, but of a different kind. It is grown as an ornamental tree, and sakura fruits cannot be eaten.
MYSTERY
Was green, small,
Then I became scarlet,
I turned black in the sun
And now I'm ripe. (Cherry.)
(S. Marshak)
PLUM
What kind of young lady is
Looks from the branch without blinking.
Blue sundress for a miracle.
Guessed? It's a plum!
(E. Savelyeva) 
The origin of the plum is unknown. It does not occur in the wild in nature. Scientists have suggested that the plum is a natural hybrid of blackthorn and cherry plum. Today, about 30 species of plums are known, growing in the temperate zone of Eurasia and North America. The most common is the house plum - a tree 10–15 m high.
Plum blossoms are very beautiful in spring. The tree is completely covered with small pale pink flowers. The fruits are juicy drupes of a round, oval or ovoid shape. Depending on the variety, plums are yellow, green, red, purple or bluish-black.
Plum blossoms open in spring
And the inflorescences merge with the morning dawn.
And in the summer on the branches the fruits are poured -
They merge with the lilac dusk of the garden.
That's why they call it beautiful
This is a wonderful plum tree!
(T. Shorygina)
Plum loves light very much, tolerates frost well, grows on any soil and gives a good harvest. Gardeners know about two thousand varieties of plums, the most common of which are Renklod, Hungarian and Mirabelle.
Plum is good for everyone to eat. The most popular are dried black plums of the varieties Hungarian homemade and Hungarian Italian - prunes. One of the advantages of prunes is its high calorie content, it has 4-6 times more nutrients than fresh plums.
Scientists studying nutrition problems have calculated that each person needs to eat at least 7 kilograms of plums a year in order to give the body the norm of those substances contained in plums.
MYSTERY
blue uniform,
yellow lining,
And sweet in the middle.
(Plum)
CURRANT
currant berries
Black as agate.
Let's collect currants
The harvest is rich.
There is an old recipe
How to cook compote
To vitamins
Were all year round.
(T. Shorygina) 
The fragrant currant berry got its name from the word "currant", which means "strong smell". This plant came to our country by accident. It was brought to us by Spanish merchants. They took seedlings to their homeland, but they were afraid that they would not survive on the road. So they left them on the road. The plant perfectly took root in a new place and gradually began to spread throughout the country.
Currants were also called monastery grapes. The monks were among the first to learn that this berry is healing and began to plant it in their gardens. Already in the 15th century, church annals mentioned “the miracle berry currant, endowed with extraordinary power and helping the sick to heal.”
Blackcurrant is richer than other berries in nutrients, vitamins, and especially vitamin C. It also contains vitamins P and K.
Currant vitamin drink quenches thirst and gives strength. Currant berries are eaten raw, and they are also used to make jam, compote, jelly, marshmallow, marmalade, syrups, juices and mousses.
Redcurrant withstands lower temperatures than blackcurrant, is photophilous and drought-resistant. In nature, it is found on forest edges, near rivers, in bushes, sometimes in mountains.
There is also a golden currant, the berries of which have a yellowish-white color. Golden currant can grow even on sandy or stony soils.
MYSTERY
She is different:
Black, white, red.
Out of it for the guys
Prepare mousse and marmalade.
(Currant)
GOOSEBERRY
Wonderful gooseberry
The gardener planted in the garden -
Big like a grape
Sweet like refined sugar.
(T. Shorygina) 
Gooseberry is a prickly garden shrub whose branches are covered with thorns. Berries grow in various sizes, shapes, colors and tastes, with a large number of seeds. Gooseberries bloom in May, the fruits ripen in July - early August.
Gooseberries are called "northern grapes", their fruits contain a large amount of nutrients.
In Rus', this berry was called "kryzha" or "bersen-kryzh". Bersenevskaya embankment in Moscow was named after the palace garden, located nearby, where Bersen gooseberries were bred.
There are no less useful substances in gooseberries than in other garden berries, and in terms of calories it is second only to grapes. Of the berry crops, gooseberries are the most productive. With good care, up to 30 kilograms of berries are harvested from the gooseberry bush. In the UK, there is even an annual competition for the largest gooseberry. Gardeners have bred more than 100 varieties of gooseberries, the main ones being white-green, yellow-green, golden and red varieties.
Gooseberries and juice from it are very useful in the treatment of various diseases. It is eaten for anemia or skin rashes. Doctors recommend drinking gooseberry juice for diseases of the liver, bladder and kidneys.
Unripe berries are used to make jams, preserves and compotes, and overripe - for juices. Dried gooseberries almost do not lose their beneficial properties.
MYSTERY
From it jam -
Like an emerald
northern grapes
Berries are called.
(Gooseberry) PROVERBS AND SAYINGS
A good gardener is a large gooseberry.
Akulina has everything - both gooseberries and raspberries.
About 15 species of chokeberry grow wild in North America. There it can be found in swamps, in lowland forests, on the pebbles of the sea coasts. This plant was brought to Russia at the beginning of the 19th century as an ornamental culture.
The most widespread in our country is aronia chokeberry, known to us as chokeberry. It was introduced into culture by the Russian biologist I. V. Michurin. He created a hybrid of chokeberry with mountain ash and recommended growing chokeberry in the northern regions.
Later, the popularization of chokeberry as a new garden crop was actively promoted by the professor of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute N.G. Zhuchkov. He brought 20 thousand seedlings to the Leningrad region. Since that time, chokeberry has become widespread in Russia.
Chokeberry is a perennial shrub 2-3 meters high. This is a moisture-loving and light-loving plant. Prefers light soils, propagated by seeds, root offspring, layering, cuttings.
It blooms in May-June, white and pink flowers are collected in thyroid inflorescences. At the beginning of autumn, in September, black, with a bluish bloom, fruits ripen. They taste sweet and sour, slightly tart.
Translated from Greek, "aronia" means "help", "benefit". The berries of this plant are useful for both adults and children, because they are a real pantry of vitamins. They contain vitamins of groups B and K, ascorbic acid. They are especially rich in vitamin P - twice as much as in blackcurrants, and 20 times more than in apples.
Harvested fruits do not spoil for a long time. Beneficial features berries are not lost during processing - cooking, drying or canning.
From one bush of chokeberry, you can collect up to 10 kilograms of berries.
The substances contained in the berries and juice of chokeberries cause appetite, so you can eat a few berries before dinner. Medicinal jams and compotes are prepared from chokeberries, juices and marshmallows are made.
Recently, chokeberry has also been planted as an ornamental tree. It is very beautiful in spring when it blooms, and in late autumn when the leaves turn purple.
SEA BUCKTHORN
Amber beads
Covered the tree.
In autumn, like the sun
Sea buckthorn glows!
Twigs are prickly
It's like they say:
- Don't touch the berries
Don't take off your outfit!
(M. Druzhinina) 
Sea buckthorn is common in the southern regions of Russia; found in Transbaikalia, Sayan, Tuva. In the wild, sea buckthorn forms dense impenetrable thickets - curtains.
This large branched shrub or tree with thorns on the branches reaches four meters in height. Young shoots have a light-colored bark covered with fluffy hairs. Mature trees are dressed in dark brown, almost black bark.
Sea buckthorn is a frost-resistant plant, it is not demanding on soils and grows rapidly. Due to this, it is used to fix sandy soils and banks of ravines.
Simultaneously with the leaves in early May, small flowers bloom on sea buckthorn. In August or September, fragrant yellow-orange berries ripen, which seem to stick around the branch from all sides. Therefore, the tree was called sea buckthorn. The fruits can hang on the branches until next year without spoiling. Sea buckthorn berries are also called "northern pineapple" - they taste somewhat like this tropical fruit.
Oil is squeezed out of sea buckthorn seeds, which is used to heal wounds, ulcers, burns, frostbite, stomach ulcers, and treat the effects of radioactive skin damage. An infusion of dried sea buckthorn leaves helps improve sleep, increases resistance to various diseases.
The berries, leaves and young shoots of sea buckthorn contain many useful substances and vitamins A, E and C. Most of the vitamin C in those berries that have a bright yellow or orange color.
OLIVE
The oldest cultivated plant is the olive tree, or olive tree. In the era of Antiquity, it began to be grown in the Mediterranean countries. The wild ancestor of the olive had thorns, the cultivated species do not.
The origin of the olive tree is mentioned in ancient Greek myth. The goddess of wisdom, Athena, stuck her spear into the rock, and it turned into a wonderful tree.
In Greece, in the old days, a newborn child was given water for the first time from a leaf of an olive tree. According to tradition, this rite symbolizes that a person will not experience thirst throughout his life, just as he does not know his olive tree, which practically does not require watering.
The olive tree grows very slowly. It has a wide twisted trunk with thick knotty branches. Individual specimens of olive trees growing in Italy and Greece are two thousand years old. The olive tree has amazing vitality: the tree grows even if it is cut down almost to the root.
The flowers of olives are small, white, collected in the form of brushes or bunches in the corners of the leaves. The fruit is an oblong or spherical drupe. Olive oil is obtained from the fruit of the olive tree. It was used in ancient Greece for cooking, as medicine, they rubbed the body and hair. Olive oil, in comparison with other vegetable oils, has the most delicate taste and is valued more expensively.
The wood of the olive tree was used to make carpentry tools. The branch of the olive tree in ancient Greece was awarded to the winner of the Olympic Games as a symbol of victory.
The first fruits of the olive gives already at the age of 7. On average, 75 kilograms of berries are harvested from one tree. Ripe black olives are harvested in late autumn or early winter. Green and ripe fruits are used for pickling and canning.
More than 500 varieties of olives are known. The largest olive tree plantations are in Spain.
MULBERRY
Mulberry is a tree 16-25 meters high of the mulberry family, it is also called mulberry or mulberry tree. The tree is wider than it is tall. There are two types of mulberry: black and white, differing in the color of the fruit. The black mulberry has fragrant sweet and sour fruits of dark purple or almost black color. In white - white fruits with a pink tint, the taste is very sweet.
The caterpillars of the silkworm butterfly feed on mulberry leaves. Adult caterpillars curl into a cocoon, the shell of which consists of a continuous silk thread 1000–1500 meters long. Silkworm cocoons are used to produce silk fabric.
Mulberry once grew wild in Central Asia. They began to cultivate mulberries in China, where about 2500 years ago they produced the world-famous Chinese silk. In Europe, mulberries have been planted to feed silkworms since the 16th century. In our country, the mulberry tree is bred on the Caucasian coast. There are 400 varieties of mulberry cultivated in the world. On Kuril Islands and on Sakhalin, satin mulberry is found in the wild.
Mulberry contains a lot of sugar and iron. Black mulberry is much richer in minerals than white mulberry. In ancient Greece, black mulberry fruits were used to tint wines.
Mulberry fruits are used to treat cardiovascular diseases.
In folk medicine, mulberry bark is used as a wound healing agent. An ointment is made from the powder of the tree bark, which lubricates wounds and scratches. A decoction of mulberry bark is used to treat cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.
MYSTERY
Never - neither day nor night -
I don't want to live idle
I am from mulberry leaves
I twist the golden thread.
(Silkworm)
9. Where there is water, there is willow, and where there is willow, there is water.
10. Pine feeds, linden shoes.
13. More forest - more snow.
14. A lot of snow - a lot of bread, a lot of water - a lot of grass.
15. They cut the forest - chips fly.
Berries
Many berries grow in the forest: blackberries, lingonberries, wild strawberries, blueberries, viburnum, cranberries, wild roses, raspberries, cloudberries, sea buckthorn. Jams, juices, jams, compotes are prepared from berries. Berries are food for birds and animals. Berries contain many vitamins, are used to make medicines, in perfumery, as well as in folk medicine. For example, for a cold, people drink a decoction of viburnum, tea with raspberries. Berries are also eaten raw, but first they must be washed.
Plan of the story about berries
1. How it grows.
2. The shape of the berry.
5. Benefit from it.
An exemplary story about a berry
Blueberries are berries that grow on small bushes. The semi-shrub has a creeping root, new stems rise from the rhizome with oval leaves, with teeth along the edges. The blueberry flower looks like a pink bell; it looks like it's going to ring now. Its berries are round, black, with a bluish bloom; for this it is called "crow-berry", it tastes sweet and sour. Bilberry is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine as an astringent. In this, only bird cherry can compete with her. Previously, purple ink was made from blueberry juice. Its berries contain vitamins and mineral salts, they are used to make jams, compotes, jams.
sample dictionary
Nouns: clearing, path, edge, shrub, rhizome, clusters, cloudberries, lingonberries, blackberries, plaque, decoction, basket.
Verbs: tear, remove, collect, ruffle, ripen, blush, pour (juice).
Adjectives: creeping, shiny, gray, ripe - green, bitter - sweet, sour, astringent, oval, round, small - large.
The story "Wild Berries" around the world (Grades 1-4)
Noskova Natalya YurievnaPosition and place of work: primary school teacher MBOU - Verkh-Tulinskaya secondary school No. 14 Novosibirsk region
Description: I bring to your attention stories about wild berries. This material is intended for primary school teachers. The stories will help the teacher diversify both the lesson and extracurricular activities and expand the children's knowledge about the berries of the forest.
Purpose: material to replenish the piggy bank of primary school teachers.
Target: familiarization with wild berries and their meaning.
Tasks:- expand children's knowledge about wild berries;
- develop memory and attention:
- to cultivate curiosity and respect for nature.
Berries
Blueberry
What does it look like
Blueberry is a highly branched shrub, of medium height, with straight branches and with brownish or dark gray bark.
Young branches are green. The leaves are small, blunt at the apex, rarely pointed, with slightly curved down edges and sparse lilac glands, rigid, bluish-green above, lighter below. Leaves fall for the winter.
The flowers are drooping, arranged in 2-3, rarely one at the tops of last year's branches. Fruits - berries, spherical, pear-shaped or oblong. They are blue, with a bluish bloom, inside there is a greenish pulp, the taste of the berries is sweet and sour.
Blueberries have many light brown seeds.
Where and how do they grow
It grows in swamps in damp coniferous and deciduous forests.
But blueberries are not the only representative of the genus on the globe. According to various authors, this genus includes from 150 to 200 species.
Twenty-six of them are native to North America. Blossoms in June-July, fruits ripen in August-September.
Benefits and Applications
Blueberries have long been valued in folk medicine. fresh berries are used for the preparation of vitamin drinks, fruit drinks for patients with high fever.
For medicinal purposes, not only berries are used, but also leaves, young stems and bark of this plant. Berries are harvested in late summer - early autumn, in dry weather. When harvesting, care must be taken, as the berries are easily wrinkled, so the fruits are harvested by hand.
What does it look like
Lingonberry is an evergreen shrub 5-25 cm high with upright branched stems. The branches are rounded, annual, green, late turning brown. The leaves are evergreen, leathery, thick, oblong, on short pubescent petioles, with numerous, very small black dots-glands. These are the smallest pits containing special cells, the purpose of which is to trap rainwater that falls on the leaf. Thus, lingonberries are able to absorb water not only by roots, but also by leaves.
Cowberries bloom in late spring - early summer, almost simultaneously with lily of the valley. First, a short shoot with buds appears at the top of the overwintered stem, and then the flowers bloom - small, elegant, snow-white, like porcelain, with a pinkish tint, with a faint pleasant smell. Flowers are a bit like lily of the valley flowers in appearance, but their internal structure is completely different.
The fruit is a spherical berry, greenish-white at first, bright red towards the end of ripening. Seeds reddish brown, crescent shaped. The fruits are sweet and sour with astringent tart taste.
Where and how do they grow
Lingonberry is a widespread plant. It grows throughout the forest zone, in the tundra, reaches the shores of the Arctic Ocean. Lives up to 300 years. The best quality lingonberry, which grows in dry places in pine forests. Blooms in May - June. The fruits ripen in late August - early September.
Benefits and Applications
The harvesting of lingonberry leaves begins immediately after the snow melts and is stopped before flowering begins. Harvesting continues in the fall, after the harvest of berries.
The leaves are harvested by hand, tearing them off the stems with a hand movement from the bottom up. Blackened and browned leaves are thrown away. Leaf preparations from lingonberry leaves are used in the treatment of many diseases. The leaves and fruits of lingonberries are used with a lack of vitamins in the body. Cowberry fruit drink quenches thirst well, so it is prescribed for patients with high fever.
Berries, due to the content of benzoic acid in them, are stored for a long time, they can be soaked, pickled without adding sugar. Cowberry tea is prepared from lingonberry leaves. Cowberry jam and juice can be a good side dish for meat dishes.
Lingonberries can be grown on personal plots, for landscaping borders, paths.
What does it look like
Blueberry is a perennial, low (up to 4 cm) shrub. The plant is strongly branched, with silvery stems and greenish bark. Young branches are green, with sharp ribs. The leaves are light green, thin. The flowers are small, pink, arranged one by one on short pedicels in the axils of the leaves. The fruits are spherical berries 5-8 mm in size, painted blue-black on the outside, blueberry juice is red. Lots of small seeds.
Where and how does it grow
Grows in coniferous and mixed forests, in the tundra, on the slopes of mountains and not far from swamps. Blueberries are especially fond of pine forests. In those places where the forest burned out, continuous blueberry thickets often form.
Leaves fall in winter. The plant blooms in May-June. The fruits ripen in July-August.
Despite the fact that the areas where blueberries grow in Russia are quite large, they are rapidly declining. Therefore, measures are taken to protect plants, the correct collection of berries and leaves is organized (so that the pickers do not damage the stems and roots of plants during harvesting and certainly leave part of the full-fledged fruit-bearing plants for annual renewal).
Benefits and Applications
There is a belief that in a house where they eat blueberries, the doctor has nothing to do. Berries are harvested after they are fully ripe, in dry weather, in the morning, when the dew is gone.
It is better to collect berries in a bucket or in small baskets. The collected fruits are cleaned of needles, twigs and other impurities. Berries cannot be washed. They are dried or made into jam.
In addition to berries, blueberry leaves are sometimes used. They are harvested by hand during flowering (in May - June), carefully cutting off the middle leaves.
Blueberries improve eyesight and memory. Berries are often used in confectionery and food production, for making cakes, pastries, jelly, marmalade, etc.
Blueberries are a wonderful honey plant. In blueberry thickets, bees can collect up to 2.5 kg of honey per colony per day. Honey collected from blueberry flowers has a light reddish tint, a delicate aroma and a very pleasant taste.
Cranberry
What does it look like
Cranberry is an evergreen semi-shrub with creeping, thin stems. The stems are flexible, dark brown, with ascending branches, on which flowers appear and berries ripen. The leaves are leathery, shiny, dark green, glaucous below from a wax coating, in places with small glandular hairs. The leaves are oblong, sharp at the top, with curled edges.
The flowers are pink-red, hanging, arranged one by one or collected more often in 2-4, less often - 6 buds on last year's branches.
Where and how does it grow
Cranberries form thickets in peat bogs. It also grows in moist forests, in clearings, near stumps.
Blossoms in May-June, fruits ripen in late August and September.
Benefits and Applications
According to the content of nutrients, cranberries are one of the most useful berries. Fruits are widely used in the treatment of many diseases, as they enhance the effect of drugs. Syrup, juice, fruit drink quench thirst, help lower the temperature, improve sleep, reduce headaches. In addition, they relieve fatigue, give vigor, improve the general condition.
Cranberry juice cleanses wounds and burns, speeds up their healing.
Juice in combination with honey is drunk for coughs, sore throats, colds, acute respiratory diseases. For treatment, ripe cranberries are used, from which sour drinks are prepared.
Cranberries are harvested in autumn in three terms. In September, the berry is hard, but ripens and softens during storage; it can be stored all winter, bay cold water. When frost occurs, the water is drained, the berries are frozen and stored in the cold in barrels, boxes, baskets. Under-snow cranberries, harvested after the snow melts in early spring, are sweeter, but do not last long.
Berries picked in late autumn, when frosts set in, are tastier, juicier, and sour. They are also stored frozen: when thawed, they quickly deteriorate.
It is necessary to take care of the plant, pick the berries only with your hands.
What does it look like
The raven eye is a perennial herbaceous plant. The stem is straight, smooth, high 15-45 cm. Four (rarely 5-6) ovoid leaves, pointed, glabrous, collected in the upper part of the stem, arranged crosswise. Single flower, raised above the base of the leaves. Consists of 4-5 outer green leaflets and 4-5 narrower and shorter, yellowish-green inner persistent leaflets. The fruit develops from the flower - a bluish-black shiny berry.
Where and how does it grow
It grows in shady deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests in moist soil, along shady ravines, in thickets of bushes, along the slopes of ravines and on the edges.
Blooms from May to June. The fruits ripen in July and August.
Benefits and Applications
In ancient times, it was believed that "bewitched" people can be "disenchanted" with the help of a crow's eye. Berries were worn on the body or sewn into clothes to protect themselves from the plague and other contagious diseases, for which they were collected from August 15 to September 8. But in other cases, the crow's eye was feared, so they were rarely used. In one old text you can read: “Some say that these berries can put you to sleep if you eat them. I wouldn’t want to try them: you might not wake up.”
Both scientific and traditional medicine make little use of the raven eye.
In folk medicine, the tincture of the plant is used in the form of drops for headaches, sore throats, and also as a means of improving appetite.
Fresh juice of the plant is used for eye diseases, headaches, loss of consciousness, increased drowsiness. Horses were given a decoction of dried berries, curing and protecting them from foot-and-mouth disease.
The use of the crow's eye requires special care, since in a large dose it causes poisoning.
What does it look like
Wolf's bast is a low shrub with gray-brown bark, from 2-3 branches, if the plant grows in the forest. But in favorable conditions - in gardens or parks - it can be more overgrown. The bark is mochy, very strong; it was she who gave the name "bast". Because of this bark, it is very difficult to break a branch. Leaves grow mainly at the ends of branches. Bast blooms before the leaves bloom. The flowers are pink (occasionally white), with a strong pleasant smell. An interesting feature of the wolf's bast is the so-called "stem flowering", when flowers appear directly on the stem of the plant. This phenomenon is more typical for tropical plants (probably the most famous example is cocoa). In the conditions of Russia, stem flowering is much less common (for example, in sea buckthorn).
When talking about berries to children, first of all, they explain what is the difference between berries and fruits. The berries, as a rule, do not have a dense peel and many seeds inside, while the fruits have both a peel and a stone, and sometimes a few seeds. In fact, even here there are exceptions. Everything about berries, including interesting facts about berries and fruits, you will learn on this page. You will also see photos of beautiful berries and get information about their use.
The fruit is the part of the plant that first protects the seeds and then allows them to fall into the ground so they can germinate. Sometimes the seed in the fruit is one, but more often there are many. The fruits are juicy, with many seeds, like berries or, and there are also dry ones, like.
This is an overgrown receptacle. The real fruits are tiny nuts scattered over its surface. Therefore, the correct name for the strawberry fruit is "multi-nut".
The blueberry fruit is a berry with pulp and many seeds.
It has a thin skin, juicy pulp and a large seed - a stone covered with a hard intracarp. Such a fruit is called a "drupe".
A raspberry that appears to be a berry is actually a complex fruit made up of small drupes.
Juicy rowan fruits attract birds, which eat them with appetite. The seeds pass through digestive system feathered and fall into the ground. Waxwings love to feast on berries, which are actually not berries at all, but apples. After all, the seeds in its fruit are also surrounded by a leathery shell, like that of the same apple.
sticky burdock
Many seeds are dispersed by the wind. However, there are seeds with spines, with which they cling to the hair of animals or human clothing and thus are transported over long distances. The most interesting thing about the burdock berry is that it became the "prototype" of Velcro. Once a Swiss engineer, Georges Mistral, after a walk, cleaned his clothes and dog hair from the thorns of burdock, or large burdock. And then he came up with the idea to create fasteners-l and bunches. Today, such Velcro is the most common thing. And all thanks to the sticky burdock!
Watermelon has juicy flesh and many seeds. So this is a berry? But his peel is hard, like a zucchini and pumpkin, so this fruit is called "pumpkin". Even the cucumber is a pumpkin. However, scientists believe that pumpkin is just a kind of berry! Well, another interesting watermelon berry is extremely tasty and perfectly removes thirst.
Mandarin fruits
With a soft skin that is so easy to peel, the mandarin is one of the origins of the orange. It also comes from China, but is not so picky about heat. It can be both a tree and a shrub. Now the fruits of mandarin are exported by Argentina, Morocco, Turkey, Japan, Brazil, Korea, and Egypt.
The ancestor of the pomelo orange
One of the ancestors of the orange - pomelo - has very large fruits. There are pomelo weighing 10 kg and up to 30 cm in diameter. In China, on New Year these fruits are given to each other as a symbol of well-being and prosperity. Pomelo is grown by placing it in large nets in advance.
The taste and aroma of an orange depends not only on the season and the area where it was grown, but also on the place on the tree. But the color of the peel does not indicate the maturity of the fetus.
Citron is the champion among citrus fruits
Citron is the champion among citrus fruits, its fruits reach a length of 40 cm. And its most amazing variety is the citron Hand of the Buddha, or Fingers of the Buddha. It is named after the founder of Buddhism. Citron fruits are not eaten fresh like oranges or tangerines. Candied fruit, marmalade and jam are made from them, as well as essential oil.
Information about grapes and photos of berries
Grapes are one of the most ancient cultivated plants. Grapevine and bunches of delicious berries have repeatedly become a source of inspiration for poets. The ancient peoples even had gods of viticulture and winemaking, the most famous of which is the Greek Dionysus. What is a grape as a plant? This is a tree-like liana, which can reach a length of 10-20 m and occupy tens of square meters.
Grapes are grown all over the world, and their yield is second only to citrus fruits and bananas. This is a long lasting plant. On plantations, with good care, vineyards can live 50-80 years. And in Austria there is an amazing vine, the shade from the branches of which covers an area of 120 m2. Her age is 200 years!
It cannot be said that modern growers risk their health by caring for the vine. But in ancient times, grape pickers had to write a will before starting work. After all, grapes, like a liana, curled along the trunks of trees and grew so that they dried up and remained only a support for the vine. Often the branches broke under the person, he fell and broke.
The main information about grapes that is always mentioned when talking about this berry is that not only juice, but also wine is made from grapes, and they are also dried to get raisins.
This word just means in Turkic "grapes". It has been common in the East and the Mediterranean since ancient times, and is now known throughout the world. By the way, the famous seedless grapes kishmish (which in one of the eastern languages - Farsi - means "dried grapes") was also bred for the sake of raisins.
One of the interesting facts about this berry is that the vine can spin. It ends with antennae that cling to the support and rotate around it, making one revolution in 2 hours. The branch makes rotations at a speed of one revolution in 4 hours. So the antennae twist around the support and hold on very tightly - a dried antennae, even after 10 years, can withstand a weight of 5 kg. With the help of tendrils, the vine rises to a great height.
Berry dessert- there is nothing more useful and tastier. A lot of pleasure and a luxurious bouquet of vitamins. Tasty joy for everyone - from small to large.
We present interesting facts about berries.
1 Everyone's favorite strawberry is the only representative of the berries that stores its seeds on itself, and not inside.
2 Do you know that tomato, eggplant and kiwi are berries? In any case, such a conclusion is made by researchers of botany.
3 Did you know that blueberries and blackberries can be treated diabetes? The use of these berries gradually leads to a decrease in blood sugar, which is required for recovery from this disease.
4 If you constantly brew tea from currant leaves, you can help your body remove stones and sand from the kidneys.
5 Gooseberries are a wonderful product for normalizing blood pressure.
However, there is another side of the coin. If you have stomach problems - hyperacidity, ulcers and gastritis, this berry should not be consumed.
6 Elderberries are not understood by everyone, and many are generally afraid to eat them. In Europe, this berry is a symbol of magic and witchcraft. Meanwhile, it is worth trying and experimenting with black berries when cooking. Add them to sauce, compote, fruit drink, or as a filling for a pie. Elderberry will open before you in a new way.
7 Do you know what a magical property has a tomato? It turns out that with a decrease in potency, it must be consumed constantly in the diet and everything will work out.
8 And cherry berries help to establish "relationships with the nerves."
9 Sweet as honey, such a berry as a melon, Japan offers to buy it for a completely inadequate price. In this country, there is the most expensive such berry in the whole world - more than 23 thousand dollars per unit of goods.
10 Lemongrass is also related to berries. The fruits of this shrub are the complete opposite of the name. The berries have a bright red color and only if you smell it, you can feel the sour aroma of lemon.
11 Berries are very useful for humans.
Eating even one of these fruits, you will remain healthy and full, and your body will be stocked with all the necessary elements for a full existence.
And at the end of the selection of interesting facts about berries. Did you know that bananas, which we all love so much, are actually not a fruit, but a berry? Surprised? .
Other interesting facts about berries can be found on the Web pages of the Internet.
