Child development at 8 and 9 months. Crisis period: what your child should be able to do at eight months

The first year of a child's life is usually divided into four trimesters. Although this is not without some convention, it reflects the characteristic stages of growth and development of the baby. The third trimester is the time to prepare the body for a cardinal event: getting the child on his feet. And the ninth, last month of the trimester can be called decisive in this regard.

If in the eighth month the child does not sit on his own, then, with other favorable indicators, it is still permissible to attribute this to his individual characteristics or some random circumstances, for example, a recent illness. But if he does not sit down by himself and by the end of the ninth month, you can no longer wait. Consult a doctor!

The most common reason for this delay is neurological disorders.

When did they appear? As a rule, even in the prenatal period, possibly at the time of childbirth. If expressed slightly, they could still go unnoticed, and perhaps they appeared for the first time only now, because the intensive development in recent months has created an increased load on the nervous system and it has given a breakdown.

Button Test

A healthy baby in the ninth month is very active. He crawls in different directions, sometimes rotates around his axis in a very funny way, gets up, grabbing the side of the arena, and even tries to step along it. But it also happens like this: he got up, leaned on the side, looks with triumph, pleased with himself and in general with the whole world. And suddenly, he wept bitterly. What happened? He is tired of standing, but he still does not know how to sit down from a standing position.

One of the features of the ninth month is the intensive development of small movements of the hand. Until very recently, to grab, say, a cube, a child needed the whole palm, with which he acted as a scoop: he raked in a cube, holding it with the tips of all five fingers. And then, in one fine laziness, he carefully took this cube with two fingers, thumb and forefinger. Event, the line has been crossed! The ability to act with two fingers is attached importance. Some experts, among other indicators of normal psychomotor development, also offer this: is a child able to hold a large button between his thumb and forefinger at 8-9 months. (Of course, this is just a test, don't let your child play with a button!)

There is also a “specialization” of the index finger, the baby touches the object that interests him, masters the pointing gesture: “there”, “there”.

If the parents, perhaps, did not pay much attention to this considerable success, then one new habit certainly did not go unnoticed: the child liked to pull off his hat or handkerchief from his head. Do not consider this mischief, do not get angry, but admire, because this is also an indicator of normal development.

What else does he love? As before, throwing your toys out of the arena, knocking a cube on the table or a cube on a cube - in a word, use your hands. Now he also needs appropriate toys: light bowls that can be put one into another, a pyramid of several rings, a box where it is so interesting to throw cubes, balls, rings, then shake them out and throw them again.

The work of the hands is also food for the mind, for the knowledge of the properties of objects, it is an impetus for the first guesses and, finally, it is a very strong stimulus for the development of speech.

The ninth month is the eve of the first word. The child willingly repeats various sound combinations after the adult - it is estimated that there are about eight of them in his abilities; for a long time he babbles himself - sometimes loudly, sometimes quietly, sometimes even turning to a whisper.

The baby’s success in understanding speech is very noticeable, unless, of course, you constantly talk to him, name different objects, comment on your actions: “Now we will get dressed, put on panties ... Now a blouse ... Here it is, blouse, oh, how beautiful ..."

It does not matter that while these are only your monologues, they prepare a dialogue, are deposited in the mind of the child. However, he is already able to answer you, if not with a word, then with facial expressions, action. At your request, he will give a pen, wave it to dad leaving for work. He already knows his name, turns around when called, and, being in a good mood, gives you a charming smile.

At the end of the month, you can arrange a small check on the achievements of the baby.

Drink some water (or juice) - you say, holding out a cup to the child.

He readily takes it with both hands and drinks. Of course, if you pour a full one, it will definitely splash, spill over - you need to pour less than half.

Give me Lyalya, you ask. And he holds out to you a doll that is well known to him, lying nearby.

Try to complicate the task by putting several toys in a row and ask: “Where is lala (pussy, ball)?” The child finds the named toy first with a glance, then points to it. Swap toys and ask the same question. If even now the child finds the toy correctly, and even stretches out his index finger to it, you can safely put five plus for him and for yourself. So you're doing great with it! And if he did not cope with the task, do not be upset, repeat the test in two or three weeks; the child has every right to pass such an exam at 10 months.

In the right spoon, in the left bread!

In the ninth month, nutrition becomes more complex. The second, third and fourth feedings consist of several dishes. In this regard, there is a need to set the table at which the child sits. Food should not only be deliciously cooked, but also have an attractive appearance.

A liquid dish should be poured into a plate, mashed potatoes or porridge put on a saucer, and juices, fruit drinks, jelly should be given from a glass or cup. The table should look nice. Place a clean washcloth in front of the baby. You can not put the whole meal on the table at once.

Wash your baby's hands before feeding. This is not only hygienic. Water is one of the strongest irritants of the nerve endings of the skin. Washing hands before eating will soon turn into a conditioned reflex, stimulating the release of the most active digestive juices that increase appetite.

The development of the hand, which goes in parallel with the improvement of coordination of movements, opens up completely new opportunities for the child: it's time to take a spoon in your hand and learn to eat on your own.

It is more convenient to do this not on your mother's lap, but at the table, sitting on a high chair. Place a plate of porridge or mashed potatoes in front of the child (you need to start with thick food!), Give him a spoon in his right hand, and a piece of bread or a cracker in his left. And be patient! The first thing the child will do is start banging the spoon on the table and try the plate as well. Direct his hand calmly, show how to pick up some food on a spoon, bring it to your mouth, and be sure to get on the tongue, and not under it.

Of course, the child will not immediately overcome these wisdoms. And while he will smear food on his cheeks, and also drop it on the table, you will slowly feed him with your spoon, leaving a little for independent exercises. When finished feeding the baby, wipe his cheeks and mouth with a soft cloth, or even better - wash and do not forget to praise: what a fine fellow, he eats himself!

Earlier use of a spoon not only instills independence skills, but makes the process of eating more attractive for the child, thereby improving appetite. It also has another, somewhat unexpected advantage: like all other hand training options, it stimulates the development of speech.

Fish? Meat? Bouillon? What can and cannot be eaten.

The diet of the child, his daily menu remains the same, it is advisable to give fish instead of meat only once or twice a week. Why is she good? Fish contains all the essential amino acids that a growing body needs, including methionine, which is not found in meat. It is rich in minerals, B vitamins, its proteins are absorbed more completely than meat proteins. Children are given low-fat fish - cod, hake. The main difficulty is to choose every single bone. It is easier to do this if you boil a piece in salted water for 5-7 minutes, without bringing it to a boil, then, peeled and pitted, pass through a meat grinder, let it boil - and the fish puree is ready. It can be mixed with vegetable puree, or you can put both separately on a plate.

The first test portions, as always, should be very small - an incomplete teaspoon. But if your baby has symptoms of diathesis and it turned out, for example, that he does not tolerate carrots or egg yolk, then it is better not to give him fish, as it is likely to cause an allergic reaction in him.

The broth - once a classic dish of dietary cuisine - now has to be squeezed out of the diet, in any case, for children. Even healthy children should be given meat soups no more than twice a week. The fact is that extractive substances, the very ones that give the broth a unique taste and aroma, are strong allergens. This is especially true for chicken broth extracts.

The chicken itself, as a rule, can be given to a child. Chicken meat has some advantages over beef - it contains more complete and easily digestible proteins, is softer, tastier, and children usually love it. It is better to use the upper, lean part of the carcass, removing the skin from it. As for the imported chicken legs that are so popular now, they are completely unacceptable for children.

Rabbit meat has almost no contraindications. It is especially beneficial for children due to its high iron content. In a rabbit, it is preferable to "use, on the contrary, the back, which contains fewer connective fibers.

Quantitatively, the child's daily diet remains the same as before, that is, no more than a liter, which is about 1/8~1/9 of his own body weight.

By nine months, individual characteristics become more noticeable! They affect the character, and in relation to food, and in physical development. Body weight, for example, by the end of the month may be 8.5 kilograms for some children, 9.5 and even 10 kilograms for others. And all this is the norm.

Walks in general and a walk today

The child should be in the fresh air every day and as much as possible. This, as they say, is an axiom that does not require proof. Although there is plenty of evidence. Special observations, scientific experiments, and the practice of life have established that maximum exposure to fresh air hardens a child, increases his resistance to respiratory infections, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system - in a word, it becomes a universal preventive, and often a remedy.

In "room", "greenhouse" children, protected from the slightest breeze, there is a higher risk of anemia, lag in physical development, sleep and appetite disorders. They have pale cheeks and sad eyes.

So a thousand times right was the Russian pediatrician Professor A. A. Kisel, who formulated the motto: “A day without a walk is a lost day!”, And even: “A room is a prison for a child!”,

So, to the fresh air! Fresh, do you hear? But where is he - that's the question ...

Unfortunately, today it is sometimes easier for us to provide a baby with overseas fruits and toys, diapers, walkers and other than with an ordinary breath of clean air.

If you live in a rural area, or just in an ecologically safe area, your child is incredibly lucky: you can walk with him as much as you like. The golden rule "not a day without a walk" is written just for you!

But if you live in a big city, with an atmosphere polluted by industrial emissions, every walk has to be thought over and thought over again.

Neither rain, nor wind, nor fog are in themselves a hindrance to walking. But if the direction of the wind turned out to be such that it drove all the harmful emissions from factory pipes to your area, if the meteorological conditions were such that a smog saturated with these emissions hung over the city? Even the most ardent zealots of daily walks will forgive you if on such a day you leave the child at home or postpone the promenade until the evening when the air is cleaner.

Sleeping by an open window to some extent, albeit far from completely, compensates for the missed walk. But again, consider what floor you live on, where your windows go. If the apartment is located high up and the windows overlook the courtyard, on another day an open window in the room may be more useful than walking along a polluted highway. And if you have a first floor, and even windows to the street, hurry with your child from home to at least a relatively clean green corner! Surely in your area there is still a park or square. Is it difficult to get there several times a day (and the child needs three walks for one and a half to two hours)? Try to organize your routine so that you walk in the park at least once, but longer.

It is undesirable to use crowded public transport. What to do?

In the most disadvantageous position is the baby, who is being driven along the city street in a low stroller. The concentration of harmful impurities, and just dust, is high precisely below, and here the child breathes much dirtier air than, for example, his mother.

It's better for someone being carried in their arms, but it's hard for an adult. A backpack can help out. With strict adherence to the conditions that orthopedists insist on, this is a good form of transportation to the nearest green oasis.

It is better if you have an ordinary high stroller in your arsenal. It is somewhat bulky, but the child can sleep in it without bending over, as in a stroller, and sit awake. Just be careful! After all, now he sits down on his own, on his own initiative, and, looking at everything in the "district", he may become interested in something lying on the ground, and, suddenly bending over, fall out of the stroller. Such injuries after 7-8 months are not uncommon.

A child needs a walk not only for fresh air, but also for new experiences, knowledge of the world around him. Walk with him in the park. Show (if any) a pond with ducks, a fountain, flower beds with bright flowers. Let him touch the trunk of the tree, draw his attention to the older children playing. Let the world around him enter into it with light, colors, warmth!

What can an 8 month old baby do?

At the age of eight months, the child already knows a lot. He is active, constantly in high spirits, moves a lot, utters many sounds, including individual syllables. It is no longer difficult for him to roll over from his back to his stomach and back, he crawls with might and main. A child at this age skillfully uses his hands and takes different objects. And can boast of two lower incisors.

Based on the foregoing, you have the opportunity to independently assess the psychophysical development of your child. If you suspect that in some way its development is delayed, seek advice from your pediatrician.

We have already said that it is dangerous for a child to give small objects, because he can put them in his ear or nose, and there may also be a danger of obturation (blockage) of the airways. But this does not mean that the child should not be given small items at all. Someday, after all, he must learn how to handle them! .. Take, for example, buttons. String them on a strong thread, and let your baby (but always under the supervision of an adult) play with them. You will see how dexterous his fingers have become.

A nine-month-old child can already sit well - confidently and for a long time, without anyone's help. He must be potty trained. The desire to go potty gets over time a sound designation - in the form of a very serious “a-a”. This very “a-a” makes life very easy for both mother and child - since it can be very important not to miss a session. Gradually teach your baby to say a sweet "ah" if necessary.

Don't let your child sit on the potty for more than 7-8 minutes. It's unhealthy.

Do not distract the child when he is sitting on the potty. He must concentrate on his "own business". Otherwise, the child will sit for a long time. Do not give him toys while sitting on the potty.

Guests come to you whom you respect and even love, and your baby announced his “ah”. Do not try to swear at the baby, he did the right thing.

If your child sat for about eight minutes on the potty and it did not end in anything, it is possible that after a while he will stain the diapers. In this case, you have every right to express your displeasure to the child. You must make a remark in a strict, but not angry voice. Perhaps not immediately, but one day the child will understand why he is being reprimanded.

Your baby is nine months old. You have to be prepared to see him worthwhile one day. Of course, he is still unable to stand without support. But, grabbing the wall of the crib or playpen, he is already quite capable of getting up on his own. And he can even take a few steps ... But then he will again fall on all fours. It is much more convenient for him to run on all fours.
At this age, the child sits freely, for fifteen minutes.

A child gains life experience by watching you or playing. So don't underestimate the importance of games. Take care of your baby. The most convenient time for games is the pre-dinner time and the time before evening swimming. You can not disturb the child with games after eating - this interferes with the absorption of food; it is impossible to excite the child with games before going to bed - the dream will be restless.

Teach your child to play independently. Independence in the game develops imagination. But first you have to show your baby how to handle the toy. If the toy is collapsible (for example, a pyramid), disassemble and assemble it - so that the child can see. And then let him play.

During the game of the child, it is desirable to exclude extraneous distracting moments. The child should concentrate on the game - and play calmly. Don't interfere with the game. A child who is used to playing on his own grows up independently.

Do not give your child more than two toys at a time. The abundance of toys scatters his attention. If a child during the game wants to see you and screams, do not rush to the call. Perhaps the child has thrown the toy out of the playpen and now wants you to return the toy. Why did you throw it away?.. From this small "misunderstanding" begins the upbringing of a sense of responsibility for one's actions.

In the form of a game, teach your child to use a spoon - his hands are already dexterous enough for this. Also teach how to use a cup and bring it up to your mouth. These practical skills will soon free you up a lot of time.

In the tenth month, you can weigh the baby no more than once every two weeks. You are already accustomed to this procedure; moreover, they began to get tired of it (remember the time when the baby was weighed several times a day?). Keep recording the weight on your chart. And the next time you go to see a pediatrician, take the table with you. The doctor will follow the dynamics of your child's weight with interest. The data from this table eloquently testify to the state of health of the baby in all months of life.

You may have already noticed that over time your child began to gain weight more slowly, and the weight curve took on a flatter look. Don't worry, it's normal.

In two weeks, the child is gaining weight from 140 to 200 grams.

As you already understood, teeth in children do not appear at some very definite time. Some a little earlier, some a little later. By the tenth month, your baby may have four or even all six teeth (two on the bottom and two or four on the top). If your child does not yet have four teeth at this age, wait a week or two - perhaps during this time the missing teeth will erupt. But if they do not appear even after this period, consult a pediatrician: you may need to consult a dentist. Or maybe, for some reason, your child lacks calcium and phosphorus salts, as well as vitamin D.

It happens that parents, worried about a delay in teething in a child, check hourly to see if they have appeared - and feel the baby's gums with a finger. You don't have to do this often. Firstly, this is not a very pleasant procedure; and secondly, you can bring an infection into the child's mouth. Felt once and - enough.

One of the causes of late teething is a disease called rickets. Due to the lack of vitamin D in the body, calcium and phosphorus are poorly deposited in the bones; bone growth is disrupted. This important vitamin is formed in the human skin under the influence of sunlight. If you are worried that your child's teeth have not yet appeared in the right amount, think about whether your baby takes enough sunbathing.

Manifestations of rickets (if you do not take urgent and competent measures, do not follow the doctor's instructions) can remain for life. Therefore, know that it is better to prevent rickets - even in its most insignificant manifestations. From the first days of life, keep in control
"communication" of your child with the sun, and also take care of the constant supply of vitamin D to the child through food. Remember that any disease is easier to prevent than to treat later.

Your child is no longer only sitting on his own, actively crawling and even standing with support, he is already overcoming obstacles, making persistent attempts to climb onto a bench, stool, chair. And he does it more and more often. This behavior is the norm. This should not be seen as a whim or a manifestation of stubbornness. On the contrary, we need help. Conditions should be created for the child's acrobatic exercises - so that there is something to climb on (on a low bench), and so that it does not hurt to fall. The child is tired of monotony, and he seeks to conquer his peaks. The child's body grows in motion.

What can a child at 9 months

turns babble into sound serenades;
shows the nose, mouth and other parts of the body of the mother, the doll, in her mirror, sometimes correctly “hitting” her finger in the right place;
puts fingers in all holes;
knows how to tear and crumple paper, crumples clay in his palm;
can flip through the thick pages of a cardboard book;
independently sits down, sits, walks at the support, crawls;
gets up without support;
rhythmically jumps and crouches at the support or holding mother's hands.

Safety precautions in the ninth month of a child's life

Until recently, it seems that the contemplation of toys was enough for the baby, but now he is already acting with them very energetically - he squeezes a rubber doll, knows how to roll a ball, puts nesting dolls one into another. True, often with zeal he tries to push a large shoe into a smaller one or a shoe pulled from a doll and pull it onto a cube. But this is also the way of knowledge!

The kid is now missing the blanket spread on the floor - you won’t even have time to look back, as he crawls away from this playground and ends up in the far corner of the room. So, it's time to ensure the safety of the space available to the child.

Children love to explore all sorts of cracks, holes, recesses. You may have already noticed how persistently your child tries to stick his finger into the ear of a rubber bunny or into the loop of his blouse. Just imagine what a temptation it will be for him an electrical outlet! And the first thing you should do is purchase fuse plugs. If the wires of electrical appliances, say, a floor lamp, lie on the floor, check their serviceability. At the same time, see if the child, having taken up the floor lamp, will not be able to overturn it on himself? He also wants to pull the tablecloth hanging from the table. What if there is a cup of hot tea on it?

A high chair also needs to be checked, even if it is new, and even more so if you, as they say, inherited from friends. Are there any small details, screws that the previous owner has already loosened? Otherwise, your baby will only have to finish the job by pulling them out and sending them to his mouth. Is the device secure enough to prevent falling out by reaching forward? Is the chair itself stable, and can the child, leaning back sharply, fall with it?

Having seated the baby on a high chair for the next feeding, do not place a plate with something hot next to it. Many babies have been burned by joyfully slapping hot semolina with their palms...

Don't forget to look at the toys. The child is already quite capable of bringing the rattle to such a state that some small parts are about to fall out of it, or to get to the “stuffing” of a soft bear cub. These are usually pieces of styrofoam, and you can be sure that they will be tasted and possibly swallowed.

In general, soft toys are already becoming the most beloved, and attachment to some kind of shabby, worn-out bear often persists until school years. Apparently, such a toy not only entertains, but also somehow soothes, warms, is perceived almost as alive, friendly.

When choosing soft toys, prefer synthetic fur rather than natural fur. Synthetic animals are easier to wash from time to time, they cause less risk of allergic reactions. new toy it is also better to first wash in warm water, then dry and comb; maybe she will lose a little beauty, but you will be sure that you have washed off the remnants of formaldehyde, which is usually used to process such products. And although it is allowed only in harmless quantities, let it not be better at all.

When buying any toy, you have the right to ask about the certificate for it, to find out if the materials from which it is made are safe for the child, especially what dyes are. With domestic and imported toys bought from large stores, this risk is small, as they must pass through the inspection. Do not buy toys for the baby at all in the market!

There should be a few toys in the child's field of vision: five or six. Among them, it is permissible to include some kind of light can with a lid. It remains a mystery why children are more likely to play with ordinary kitchen utensils than with an expensive toy designed and manufactured by specialists. However, this is not the only riddle that the kids ask...

The child grows and requires more and more attention. He is actively moving and trying to satisfy his curiosity.At this age, the child is already actively crawling, which means that objects dangerous to him should be removed,for he seeks to explore everything he sees.
He is active all the time when he is not sleeping. During a walk, gymnastics, as well as bathing and even feeding.During feedings, the baby is also active and often feeding turns into fun for the baby,but not a very pleasant event for mom - after all, then you have to wash the kitchen of food.

Baby sleep at 8-9 months

The daytime has now become two times a day, the baby already needs less time during the day to gain strength. The child sleeps for one and a half to two hours and this time is enough for him to have a good rest. If the child is too active and energetic, it may not be possible to put him to the second day's sleep. If this continues long enough, you can leave him one afternoon nap, so he gets enough rest during one nap. Which, by the way, can sometimes last three or four hours. Monitor your child's health and activity. If he is not naughty, cheerful and active, then he has enough rest. Night sleep should not be reduced, the child should still sleep about 11-12 hours.

Baby regimen 8-9 months - Bathing

They are still the most interesting activity for the baby. If they are properly organized, the child receives a charge of positive emotions from them. Get a variety of bath toys to play in the bathroom. They do not sink, bright and interesting. You can purchase various fountains, mills, attached to the bathroom wall directly above the bath. Water is poured into them, which then descends, setting the blades in motion. The kid will be happy to pour water into such toys.
Of course, swimming is not limited to games only. Usually kids don't like to wash their hair. Try to dress this procedure in a game form, then this action will bring only joyful impressions to the child.
Bathing can last, depending on the wishes of the child, up to 20-25 minutes. Toddlers who do not like water and bathe only when necessary can spend 5-10 minutes in the bathroom.

Baby food at 8-9 months

At 8-9 months, it expands and approaches the adult diet in terms of its main components. Now the baby can eat not only at his highchair, you can also move him to the adult table. Try to teach the baby and. Be patient - the baby will not immediately get a spoon in his mouth, so he will be all smeared, and most likely - not only he, but everyone around. A child at this age receives breakfast, lunch, dinner and afternoon tea, as well as adult members of his family.If the mother still has milk, breastfeeding continues, because the baby still needs it. And not only in the milk itself, but also in the most important thing - communication with mommy.

More and more successes - 8 months behind ...

social development

As you remember, by eight months the child has formed a clear attachment to a close adult (most often to the mother). The baby is ready to spend every second of his life with his mother. Now between you there was a "business cooperation", communication and even a "dialogue" against the background of speech imitation. And a fun game has become a favorite occasion for such interaction.

Scientists note that it is by the end of the first year of life and at the beginning of the second social development the child comes to the fore and leads all other lines: speech, actions with objects, mastery of the first skills.
Interest in adults is growing. Curiosity about the world around him warms him up. In addition, he observes not only adults, but also other children, and imitates some of their actions. If the child has older brothers or sisters, he reaches out to them, demonstrating his love and desire to communicate.

Your child begins to join the social culture - precisely by imitating the actions of adults. For example, he already takes food with a spoon, drinks from a cup, holding it with his hands, puts his head on a pillow, etc.

This is important, such a “reflective ability” of the crumbs is the basis of its psychophysical development. It is no coincidence that physiologists note that by seven to nine months the mass (weight) of the child's brain doubles. This means that every day is significant for the crumbs. The zones of the cerebral cortex are formed and actively develop: speech, motor; general locomotor and finger motor skills, etc.

At the age of nine months, the child does not yet separate himself from you (the person caring for him), he needs you day and night, but he already feels his place in the family. Try to always act in such a way that the baby can feel all his value to you. Right now, the child learns from you to love neighbors, the world, himself.

New milestones in the emotional development of the child

Enrich your child's feelings with your presence and participation in his life. It may not be so noticeable at first glance, but the child is very sensitive to what concerns your attitude towards him. He begins to emotionally react to censure addressed to him, while expressing negative emotions. And when praised, he does not hide a joyful smile.
Fill your baby's emotional life with light and joy. As child psychologists note, already at this age, the baby receives from his parents, through their appeal, tone, intonation, words - information about himself, from which his self-esteem is gradually built. Therefore, you can’t say to the baby: “You are bad,” if he does something wrong, because in this way you give a negative assessment of his personality. It is better to say: “You did badly. I do not give a permission". In this option, you evaluate only his act. Then you need to show the baby exactly how to do it. It is also important in what tone, intonation you say it.

The result of the ninth month of a child's life can be considered a complication of social status: it is social development that begins to lead the overall development. This means that for the psychophysical comfort of the baby, the environment in which he grows up is extremely significant - how people communicate with each other, how they express their emotions, how they perceive him in the family and what is the general culture of life.

Comprehensive development of the child in the 9th month of the first year of life
Baby toys

In games with a child of eight and nine months of age, you can use:
. rubber ball and other toys for physical development,
. toy hammer with wooden pegs,
. pyramid with rings, liners,
. rattles and small rubber tweeters,
. cubes of various shapes,
. music and game centers,
. bath toys,
. roly-poly dolls of different sizes (from 10 to 25 cm) attract the attention of children. For the show, children need 1-2 large dolls (about 40 cm high), depicting children in beautiful clothes. They can be voiced and groovy (for example, a walking doll).
. figurines of dolls and dolls made of soft materials (fabric, soft plastics, rubber) are figurative toys in which features of a person’s appearance that are understandable to a child (large bright eyes, flexible arms, legs) are presented. Dolls can be flat and voluminous, 10-20 cm in size.
. toys depicting animals (also called figurative). They should, if possible, make sounds characteristic of this animal (soft, but expressive). Good stuffed, plastic and rubber toys that convey the main features of the depicted animals (bear, hare, horse).
. groovy, dynamic, funny toys with a surprise (pecking hens, chickens, jumping frog).
. for the first display (plot) games, toys are needed that depict some household items: toy plates with a diameter of about 7-10 cm, cups the size of a child’s hand, patches of different fabrics 50x50 cm in size.
Story game time!

By about 9 months, the time comes when the child begins to master story games - games with toys depicting a person or animals. Their importance for the development of the child is very great.
Firstly, in this way, the baby learns about the purpose of household items and learns to use them.
Secondly, "communicating" with toys, he acquires such important human qualities as caring, compassion.
In addition, story games contribute to the development of the baby's speech. Of course, a child can learn such games only with the help of an adult or older children.

To learn how to play story games with a nine-month-old child, follow this link.
We develop coordination of movements, the concept of cause-and-effect relationships

Game "Learn to throw"

Find a bucket or box, pick up toys that make an attractive sound when dropped into the bucket. Position the box so that it is easier for the child to throw toys. After a while, put it on the other side. The child will either have to reach in the other direction, or shift the toy from one hand to the other. Give him a toy over large size to start using both hands. This is how the ability to manipulate objects develops.

Surprise bag game

Wrap the toys in several layers of paper. Let your child unfold it. The perception of the baby develops. He gets an idea of ​​the constancy of objects, learns to control the movements of his hands.

Handkerchief trick game

This game teaches to perform various manipulations with objects, develops new movements and improves existing ones, trains attention and develops the ability to observe, develops the ability to spontaneously express emotions.
Prepare six scarves of different colors for the game. Then tie them together to make a long ribbon. Hide the knitted scarves in your bosom so that the tip of one of them looks out.

Sit next to your child, smile, talk to him affectionately. Draw your baby's attention to the edge of the scarf that peeks out from under your clothes. Invite him to pull on the edge of the handkerchief. If the child does not immediately understand what is required of him, start pulling the handkerchiefs yourself, and the baby will then help you.

Gradually pulling out the handkerchief, name its color. And sincerely be surprised and rejoice that another one follows him. Name the color of the next scarf. This game will give pleasure to your kid.

Magic box game

You can use any box, preferably in the shape of a cube (40 cc), cut holes in it about 15 x 15 cm in size, except for the side that serves as a support. Small toys (3-7 cm), such as balloons, bells, fish, ducks... tie to a ribbon. Pass the ribbon with toys through the top and side holes, and tie the ends. The whole garland is dropped into the box.
To start the game, draw the child's attention to the box. Pull the ribbon and take out one toy after another. Give toys to the baby, name them. Then pull the ribbon again, remove the next toys from the box. Let's consider each toy for the child, play.
Then teach your child to take the toys one after the other in sequence, pulling on the ribbon. If something is not working out for a child, calmly help him.
Development of fine motor skills and tactile sensations

Development of fine motor skills in a child

Cubes, rings, garlands...

For the development of fine motor skills of a child, it is advisable to have unpainted wooden blocks and rings (you can use parts from a building kit that your older children play with). It is necessary that these toys are wooden (and not plastic): only relatively heavy objects can provide the child's hands with sufficient muscle load.
From such rings and bars of various sizes it will be possible to assemble garlands by drilling holes in them, stringing them on a rope or ribbon, and separating them from each other with knots. The distance between the parts must be at least 2 cm so that the child can, if desired, "examine" each of them separately.
Other toys, such as rattles, can also be collected into such garlands by attaching them to ribbons. In this case, the child will not drop and lose toys while looking at them. Remember that the ribbons should not be too long - up to half a meter, and the child should play with loose garlands only in the presence of an adult.

Toys in a transparent box

Put the toys in a clear plastic box. Let the baby try to remove the lid. If he fails, open the lid yourself and give the child a box again - let him continue his efforts.

Contrasting the thumb

When your child can easily remove the rings from the pyramid rod, offer him a stack of plastic or wooden plates or bowls. Taking a plate or a bowl from a pile is a more difficult task, requiring more “hand dexterity” from the baby.
Draw the attention of the child to the multi-colored plates that are stacked. Take one plate by the edge, hold it out to the child, say: “Take a plate!”.
If the baby performs the action incorrectly, turn his hand back down, puts a plate in his palm and presses his thumb on top of it. Then the child acts with the object independently. Give him all the plates one at a time.

"Tactile" game

Give your little one a box filled with different pieces of fabric that he or she will be interested in touching. Be sure to put there shreds of coarse, hard matter and smooth, silky. A well-chosen set can include a small square of linoleum, playing card, a large cork, a piece of velvet or satin and a sponge. Taking pieces of these objects out of the box and putting them back in there, the child begins to distinguish materials by touch.

Duct tape

Glue a piece of duct tape to the back of a child's hand. The child will be interested in tearing off this tape.
We develop understanding of speech and sound, the development of speech

The baby's babbling includes almost all the sounds of the native language. But as a new and fragile skill, babble can quickly fade if you don't pay enough attention to your baby's attempts to communicate. To establish a two-way dialogue, use the following tip: when a child tells you something in his own language, try to reproduce his phrase - for him this will mean “Yes, I understand you!” - and only then add what you were going to say yourself: “That's right, it's a cat, meow-meow. There she is!"

When communicating with your child, try to use short, familiar phrases. When you feed, change, wash your baby or play with him, comment on what is happening all the time. At eight months, the child has not yet mastered the meanings of words, but with his babble he can perfectly express desires and intentions. Cheerful "ta-ta-ta" the little one, most likely, wants to invite you to dance. And the insistent “ma-ma-ma” may mean a request to pick him up.
Include babble words in your speech: eider-duck, matryoshka-woman, bibi car, etc. So you activate the speech of the child.

Attention to different sounds

Draw the child's attention to different sounds, always naming their source: telephone, doorbell, father's steps, rain, water flowing from a tap, dog barking, etc. Reacting to sounds, a small person learns to listen, and this is very important for development speech.

Start of a new day

From the moment you wake up, you should set the tone for the whole day, remembering that mom's smile emotionally "charges" the baby. Before you pick up the baby from the crib, chat with him from afar - smile at him, leaning over the crib. Give a smile and wait for the child to smile at you. If the baby pulls his hands towards you, stroke, kiss your fingers. Gently touch the head, stroke the hairs.
Address the child affectionately by calling by name. This can be done several times, then call it affectionate names: for example, “my bunny”, “kisonka”, “sun”, etc.
Take the baby in your arms, dance with him, singing a cheerful tune. Come, holding the baby in your arms, to the window. Say: "Good morning, sunshine!". Make a greeting motion with your hand and then with the child's hand.
Say hello to pre-arranged toys: “Hello, Mishka!”, “Hello, Bunny!”, “Hello, Matryoshka!”, “Good afternoon, everyone!” And your day will be truly kind.

Voice over animals (folklore)

Sit the baby on your lap, rock him and rhythmically read the pestle.
For one beat:

Let's go on a horse
The path is smooth and smooth.
The princess invited us to visit
Eat sweet pudding.
Two dogs on the doorstep
We were told very strictly...
How do dogs speak?
WOF WOF!

Repeat, changing the names of the "animals at the doorstep" until the child gets bored.

Two kittens - meow meow!
Two dogs - woof-woof!
Two ducklings - quack-quack!
Two chickens - wee-wee-wee!
Two calves - Mu! Mu!
Two sheep - Bee! Bee!
Two goats - Mee! Mee!
Two frogs - qua-qua!

Hide and seek with names

Play hide-and-seek with your child, covering him and yourself in turn with a handkerchief and calling him and yourself at the same time: “Where is mom? Here's mom! Where is Vanya? Here is Vanya! The game will become even more exciting if several kids play it, and cover each of them in turn with a scarf. You don’t have to hide behind a scarf: try using your father’s back, headboard and just your own palms for this purpose (your baby will do the same, repeating your movements). However, if you get carried away with the game, do not forget that the main thing in it is not the process of searching itself, but remembering the names of the participants.

Game "Give me a toy"

Put three different toys in the box. Name one of the toys and ask the child to give it to you. If he does it right, fake a noisy delight.

Pestushki

During this period, emotional communication takes place at a new, higher level of relationships: an adult for the first time begins to “teach” a child to play actions based on imitation, using the best traditions of folk pedagogy and folklore for children.
Nurturing a child is enriched by the so-called "learned actions" - games of "palmies", "goodbye", "hide and seek", "cuckoo", etc. You can take examples of such folklore rhymes on our website in the article "Pestushki".

simple requests

Teach your child to do simple actions at your request. To do this, first show the action yourself, telling the child what you are doing, and ask him to repeat your movements. In the future, try to replace the display with a verbal request. For example, ask your child to bring you a toy. When he learns to do this, complicate the task and use several toys at once, of which the child should bring you exactly the one you name.

Game "Teremok"

Play with the baby in the "teremok". To do this, place several animals in a toy house, and call them from the house together with your child. After the game, you can read the fairy tale "Teremok" to the child, asking him to show each of its characters.

First books

Your communication with the book that the baby “reads” with his mother is a seven-league step towards the development of his speech development, as well as imaginative thinking and intelligence, and the expansion of his worldview. A good book generously fills the child's need for new information and gives him new experiences that will stay with him for life. How to choose the right books for babies in the second half of life - read the article “Reading to a child. How to choose the right book for a baby of the first year of life? This article was compiled on the recommendations of professional educators and philologists.
About developing video, techniques and so on..

But it is not recommended to buy and let a small child watch a “Developing” video at all - about this in the article “Developing Children's Video - the Other Side of the Medal”. You also need to limit the child from TV, cartoons.

Yes, yes, imagine: a baby can and should be educated throughout the first year of life!

But, to educate with love, which means, in his own “language”, to prove that he is loved, that he is safe: confidence in mother’s love for a baby is a source of vitality that helps him develop properly, not being afraid of life. On the basis of maternal love, his own self-esteem, self-confidence and security are already laid in the subconsciousness ...

How to achieve this - read in the article: "The first year of a child's life - Education by love"

How to tell a child "no"

At this age, the baby is already quite good at distinguishing different facial expressions and shades of voice and intonation. If you say "no" sternly, the child will stop acting for at least a few seconds.
Believe me, now the child understands and feels much more than we think. And so it's time to remember the need for the first bans. You can read more about this in the article “First prohibitions for a child of 5-12 months. How to tell a child "no"?
How to praise a child

Do you know that leading child psychologists and simply admirers of the current in our time methods according to the Maria Montessori system say that the word “Well done” said in a pedagogical situation that is not suitable for this can lead to unpleasant consequences. Many mothers are very skeptical about this idea, but if you delve into the essence of the matter, it is easy to understand for yourself that the scientists are right.
Chief among these consequences is the psychological dependence on praise. It, in turn, stifles the child's interest in learning and mastering new information and skills. Sooner or later, it leads to the fact that the baby will perform many of his actions, first of all, expecting your praise, and not at all because they really captivate him. The child will constantly think - how to please adults, to be noticed, to seek recognition.

What's bad about it? Think, the time will come when your authority in front of the child will fade into the background, in front of the authority of peers (no one is safe from “bad company”), and then the child will start, for example, smoking, and so on - just to get the approval of friends.

In general, this topic is very interesting and entertaining in itself, therefore we have taken it out in a separate article “Oh, the word“ Well done ”or How not to spoil a child with praise”
About physical development
Physical development

To learn about the motor skills of a six-month-old baby, as well as interesting play activities that help develop these skills, read our article "Baby's physical development at the 9th month of life"
Massage and gymnastics

Be sure to read the article “Massage and gymnastics for children at 6-9 months of age”, it tells in great detail about the methodology of professional baby massage and gymnastics.
hardening

To learn how to properly harden a baby with air and sun baths, water procedures - read the section: "Hardening children at 1 year of age." These articles are based on the recommendations of professional pediatricians.
From the bottom of our hearts, we wish you and your baby a successful conquest of new horizons in its comprehensive development!
The team of the site "U Owlet"

Eight-month-old babies are very active, move a lot and explore new spaces with interest, because at this age they can already crawl. What else has the peanut learned by 8 months, what new skills are already pleasing parents, and how can adults help in the development of a baby of this age?

Physiological changes

• The period of teething continues, while their appearance is very individual. Someone at 8 months still does not have a single tooth, or the first incisor has just appeared, and someone is already trying to gnaw cookies with four teeth.
• The growth rate of the child slows down a little, which is associated with an increase in the physical activity of the baby. The muscles of the crumbs are already developed so much that they allow the baby not only to roll over and sit, but also to stand and crawl.
• The child's stool has become more formalized and bears little resemblance to the feces of a baby who is exclusively breastfed. It has a mild odor, and the frequency of bowel movements is usually 1 time per day.
• The child's memory develops and retains recent events. Thanks to the improvement of memory, the baby is able to repeat the actions of his parents, recognize familiar objects, heard nursery rhymes, loved ones.

Physical development

During the eighth month of life, the baby adds about 550 grams and becomes 1.5 centimeters taller on average. The circumference of the chest and the circumference of the head increase by 0.5-1 cm each.

Although the pace of development of each child is individual, based on measurements of a large number of children of a certain age, doctors determined the average value, as well as the boundaries normal indicators physical development. Deviation from them causes alertness and is the reason for a detailed examination of the baby. The main parameters for babies 8 months old are presented in the following table:

You can use the calculator to calculate norms for your child. The calculator is based on height and weight guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO).

Height and weight calculator

For information on what a child should be able to do at 8 months, see the video of Larisa Sviridova.

What can the baby do?

• The baby of 8 months is very active physically, knows how to sit down, lie down, get up (at the same time he pulls himself up by the support), crawl quite quickly, and also step over objects.
• The kid devotes a lot of time to studying toys and constantly training his own hands. He can freely transfer one toy to another pen, and if the object falls out of his hand, he will look for it. The child likes to roll the ball, press different buttons, flip through the pages of books.
• The babbling of an eight-month-old baby already has an intonation that the baby has adopted from its parents. The baby repeats the same syllables many times, so parents constantly hear “ma-ma-ma” or “ba-ba-ba” from the baby.
• Children of this age are very cheerful, enjoy other babies, and adult strangers are wary. If the mother goes somewhere, the eight-month-old toddler is very upset. When a child does not succeed, the baby will be upset, and his mother's praise will be very happy.
• The child may point to a familiar object when asked "where?". Also, the baby has already learned, at the request, to wave his hand, make “patties” and other actions that his parents taught him earlier. The baby really likes games in which actions are repeated.
• An 8-month-old baby not only eats from a spoon and even tries to do it on his own, but also takes solid food (for example, baby cookies) in his hands, biting off pieces of it.

Although all children develop at their own pace and some skills can be acquired earlier than their peers, and some later than other children of the same age, however, there are skills that a baby must certainly possess at 8 months. You should be alerted if the baby:

• Doesn't sit down.
• Does not crawl backwards or does not try to crawl at all.
• Does not try to get up at the support.
• Unable to stand for several seconds holding both hands.
• Can't hold a toy.
• The offered toy is missing.
• Doesn't transfer a toy from one handle to another.
• Doesn't pronounce syllables.
• Doesn't listen when he hears an adult talking.
• Doesn't show any emotion.

Activities for development

• If the baby has not yet mastered crawling on all fours, practice the baby in the water. While bathing, lay the baby on the bottom of the empty bathtub with her stomach and turn on the water so that it slowly fills the bathtub. The water level will rise and become an incentive to raise the baby on his elbows and knees. With this exercise, it is important to ensure that the child does not drink water.
• Another way to teach a child to crawl on all fours is to walk on hands. Raise the child's legs so that the baby stands on the handles. Next, swing the little one back and forth a little. As soon as the baby gets tired, the exercise should be stopped.
• To improve fine motor skills, invite the baby to touch various objects, toys with buttons and locks, boxes with lids, pyramid rings, soft books and many others.
• Since a child at 8 months of age copies the actions of adults in games, mom should be shown how to handle new toys. Ride cars with your child, shake the doll, knock on the drum, and let the baby repeat.
• Invite the baby to play with several homogeneous objects, for example, with cubes of different colors, balls, rings from the pyramid. By folding and scattering such objects, the child will learn the connections between them.
• Build a small pyramid out of cubes and show your baby how to destroy it with a rolling ball.
• Look at family photos with your baby and ask to see loved ones and the child himself. The child will love looking for himself in the photo.
• Play music often and dance with your baby. Let these be motifs with different rhythms - both classical melodies, and children's songs, and songs of modern performers.
• Train your baby's sense of balance by lifting and lowering the baby. You can also play with the baby.
• Make a bookshelf for your child that the baby can reach. Fill this shelf with bright children's books and let the little one choose the book to "read" on his own.
• Play with your baby in the bath. Let the baby move floating toys, clapping his hands on the surface of the water, collecting water in molds, pouring from one container to another.
• Allow the baby to play with kitchen utensils, but at the same time give the baby only safe items - a ladle, containers, lids and others.
• Also, the baby will like to play with a real phone, which for this should be disconnected from the network. Give the little one a phone and let him “talk”.
• On a walk, pay your baby's attention to the different sounds that an airplane, car, bird, dog makes. Please name the source of the sound.
• Keep your child interested in animals. Get plastic or rubber animals and name them as well as imitate their voice. Show your baby animals in books and on the street.
• Give the baby a wooden spoon and a few objects that can be beaten. So the child will understand that objects differ not only in appearance, but also in the sound they make.
• In front of the little one, hide the toy by covering it with a blanket, and then invite the baby to find it.

Care

In the morning, as before, the baby is given hygiene measures. They include washing, brushing teeth, pottying, washing. Every evening, the baby is bathed while having fun playing with toys that can swim. In addition, during the day, the child should periodically wash their hands, because the baby crawls and touches various objects. When changing a diaper, the child must be washed under running water.

Breast-feeding on demand at this age is represented by 6-8 feedings during the day and about 6 feedings at night. The volume of complementary foods is increasing and is presented in the baby menu with vegetables, fruits, dairy-free porridge, vegetable oil, meat, fruit juice, butter, crackers and cookies.

Formula-fed children receive the mixture in the morning feeding, as well as in the last feeding before bedtime. The rest of the time, the artificial baby's menu is formed from complementary foods. Compared to breastfed babies, their diet is more expanded - sour-milk drinks, cottage cheese and yolk are added to it. Porridge for an artificial baby is already boiled in milk, and the volume of most will be higher than that of a child with breastfeeding.

Calculate your feeding schedule

A child in the period from eight to ten years begins to perceive himself as part of society. His worldview changes and his own outlook on life appears. The development of a child at the age of 8 passes without cardinal changes and acutely pronounced stages - this is a relatively calm period.

Physical development of children 8-10 years old

During this period, there is a change in the proportions of the body. The child no longer looks big-headed, as at 6-7 years old - the ratio of arms, head and torso becomes the same as in adults. There comes a certain stage of physical maturation of the body. The muscles of the trunk and limbs develop well and their ossification begins. B

Thanks to this, children are good at jumping, running, roller skating. Girls and boys gain weight almost equally - about 2.5 kg per year. But boys still grow faster. For a year, the child adds 5-7 cm in height.

Skills of a child at 8-10 years old

At this age, a small person is already quite independent. He is able to fold his portfolio to school, take a shower, cook simple meals, make the bed.

Eight-nine-year-olds are great housewives. They can sweep the floor, wash the dishes, go to the grocery store. Girls already know how to sew a button on their own, and boys can make interesting crafts.

How does the child eat during this period

A balanced diet is the main principle of nutrition for children at this age. In food, you need to maintain a balance of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The daily norm for an eight-year-old child is 2100 kcal.

Meat, milk, and fish are must-haves on the table at home, where the growing body of an eight-year-old lives. You need to limit the consumption of fried foods, confectionery and fast food.

The emphasis should be on whole grain cereals, honey, fruits. Meals should occur four to five times a day.

Psychological development of children 8-9 years old

The psychological difference between the sexes is manifested in everything. Girls are usually assiduous and diligent when writing lessons, which cannot be said about boys. They are distracted by extraneous matters and therefore they must be constantly pulled up during execution. homework. The appearance of boys also interests them less than girls.

They can walk around in torn or dirty clothes and feel comfortable. The logical development of a child at 9 years old occurs without gender differences. They successfully solve children's crosswords and solve puzzles for the development of logic, memory and attentiveness. Features of the early speech development of boys are in a more extensive vocabulary than girls.

Emotional development of children at 8-10 years old

Children after eight years of age are very inquisitive and interested in everything around them: from the conversation of adults to the news on TV. Communication with friends is now more important for them than the time spent with their parents. Nine-year-old children are very fond of collecting various items: stickers, stamps, colored stones and other items. They have a desire for order in personal things, at least for a short time. Now the main thing is to instill accuracy in the baby so that this trait becomes an integral part of it. Cars and dolls fade into the background, being replaced by board games for the development of logical thinking.

Games for children aged 8-10

1. Rhyme selection. You need to say the first word, for example: “house” and come up with a rhyme for it. The one who cannot come up with the next word loses.
2. Guessing words. One participant thinks of a certain word. Other children ask leading questions to guess the word. You can only answer "no" or "yes".
3. Running in reverse. All children are divided into pairs and stand with their backs to each other. At the whistle they start running in one direction twenty meters, and after the second whistle in the opposite direction.
4. Replacing letters. We select words whose meaning can be changed by changing just one letter. For example: a bun-booth, a cat-crust, a spoon-leg.

How to raise an eight year old

To raise a worthy person from a child, you should follow a few simple rules.

First of all, you need to love your eight-year-old in any way: when he is haunted by small or large failures, when he is capricious or restless, when he does not live up to the expectations of his parents. It is necessary that he always feel the support of the closest people - his parents.

More often consult with a small person on domestic issues. Let him feel his importance along with other family members.

• Instill healthy eating habits and an active lifestyle in your child.
• Follow the interests of the little man and, in accordance with them, define him in circles and sections.
• Make his daily routine so that he sleeps for at least ten hours a day.
• Entrust your child with household chores more often, instilling a sense of responsibility and concentration.
• Develop family budget management skills in it.
• Talk to your child more often in an adult way, without lisping. Ask questions about the past day and be interested in its affairs.

Why are children sometimes naughty

There can be various reasons for sudden disobedience. Sometimes the child shows negativism in everything, adding a piece of “not” to all the sentences of adults. Such a critical period usually lasts 2-3 months, subsequently being limited to small outbreaks of disobedience.

Such periods, oddly enough, should be rejoiced, because they mean that the child is growing and developing. But you should not indulge all the whims of the child and teach him the meaning of the word "necessary."

Causes of child disobedience:

• Age development crises;
• Lack of attention from parents;
• Power struggle with parents.

Adults should remember the main rule when a child behaves badly: do not connect to his negative emotions and do not vibrate on the same wave. On the contrary, you should speak with him calmly and balanced.