Vowels after hissing and q in endings. A guide to spelling and style

vowels o and e after sibilants

Rules.

1. After hissing under stress, it is written about, in accordance

with pronunciation:

a) in the endings of nouns, for example: a knife,

ball, boundary, candle (cf. unstressed endings: landscape,

crying, selling, giving);

b) in the endings of adjectives, for example: alien,

large (cf. unstressed endings: red, good);

c) in the suffixes of nouns: -ok (shepherd),

Onok (wolf cub), -onk-a (river);

d) in the suffix of adjectives -oe- (penny, brocade-

e) fluent o in nouns (guts) and appendix

telny (ridiculous);

e) at the end of adverbs, for example: fresh, hot, general (but:

2. It is written e (e) under stress, although it is pronounced about:

a) in the endings of verbs, for example: burns, bakes;

b) in the verbal suffix -yovyva-, for example: chew,

uproot;

c) in the suffix of verbal nouns -yovk-a, na-

example: demarcation, uprooting (but: hacksaw - from adjective-

th knife);

d) in the suffix of nouns -ёr, for example: trainee, re-

e) in the passive participle suffix -yonn- (irrigated,

irrigated), verbal adjectives -ey- (burnt, smoked),

as well as in derivative words (zhzhenka, smoked meats);

e) in the prepositional case of the pronoun what: about what; in words

and, by no means.

Exercise 54

1) with the suffix -OK: borscht, debt, friend, beetle, hook, meadow, man,

rooster, nickel, horn, chest, bough;

2) with the suffix -onok: camel, bear, mouse, shepherd;

3) with the suffix -onk-a: paper, soul, nag, book, leg, clothes-

yes, hand, shirt, dog, old woman.

Exercise 55

adjectives with suffixes -oe- or -ev-.

Exchange, veche, thing, penny, pear, tug, shower, hedgehog, ruff,

reed, ladle, key, Easter cake, kumach, boundary, walrus, knife,

brocade, shoulder, plush, twill, watchman, canvas.

Exercise 56

instrumental singular.

Cherry plum, apash, barge, stock exchange, dugout, reins, ha-

rage, tug, soul, tower, reed, tick, ladle, left-handed,

listage, displacement, scorcher, dodger, baby, footage, mi-

rage, montage-, page, paralysis, brocade, asparagus, sealing wax,

type, circulation, tonnage, tractor, already, prude, horsetail, chrono-

footage, scratching, siskin, hut.

Exercise 57. Insert the missing letters. Explain one-

difference in writing.

Cherry plum ... VKZ (tincture) - bech ... vka, pear ... vka - de-

sh ... vka, money ... nk - soot ... nk, shower ... nka - psh ... nka,

key ... m - moreover ... m, KNIAZH ... N - amazed ... n, bucket ... vy -

cheap ... vy, beam ... m - oven ... m, knife ... wai (saw) - but-

well ... wai (wound), knife ... vka - demarcation ... vka, knife ... n - f ... n,

obzh ... ry - experience ... ry, shoulders ... m - nothing ... m, shirt ... n-

ka - carcass ... nka, funny ... n - leash ... n, dog ... nka-pech ... n-

ka, swift ... m (bird) - swift ... m, crackling ... weaving - sh ... weaving,

floor ... m - experience ... m.

Exercise 58

1. At dawn, the shepherd does not drive the cows out of the bread

wa, and at midday in a circle ... his birth does not call them ... to

(P.). 2. Like a ghost, the young man now goes to the cherished

threshold; a dagger made of leather knives ... well, it takes out

a little (L.). 3. Marina brought a bottle of rum, lemon,

sugar, and burn ... nka blazed (Gonch.). 4. Gerasim became more

lump in front of the door, pushed her shoulder ... m and tumbled into the house

with his burden ... and (T.). 5. Both believed that credit would revive

agriculture and will give impetus ... to our dormant industry

laziness (S.-SH.). 6. Clothes are soaked above the belt ... nk

forester (N.). 7. Any work was for him nothing ... m

(A. Ostr.). 8. At noon the rain stopped, and that white

push ... to, snow began to fall on the autumn mud ... to (Nick.).

9. Uncle and Yegorushka walked for a long time along the powerful streets (Ch.).

10. The soldier was dressed in a red kumach ... shirt (M. G.).

11. Through the exposed ... brown branches of trees peacefully

the motionless sky is flying (Seraph.). 12. Wind blowing-

sewing chesuch ... vyu curtain, smelled of honey flowers

(A.N.T.). 13. Psh ... nniks, noodles ... in-

niki, cabbage soup with broth (Smooth). 14. Under the control of diri-

well ... the ra of our orchestra sang beautifully and thickly

splendid choir (Wanderer). 15. Gregory stopped at

one small village for the night (Shol.). 16. When

in the light of frequently flashing lightning they saw two

well ... ny composition (Cossack.). 17. Korzh swam soot ... nkami, hum-

clapping his hands on the water (N. Dikovsky). IS. By the morning

the painted floor shone like a BOSH ... (Malts,). 19. On

he had a tunic with a turn-down collar, under-

belted with a twisted belt with tassels (Ant.), 20.

I sow, like from a sieve, but not powder ... k, I climb into the zhito,

but not a worm ... to (riddle). 21. The beast is not a safe horse

takes (ate,). 22. Under a pine tree in the forest stands an old man.

little red cap ... to (riddle).

vowels after t

Rules.

1. After c in endings and suffixes under stress writes-

Xia 0, without stress - e. Compare: end - dance, fighters - Komso-

moltsev, coat - dress, end - calico, ring-

to ring out - to ring.

"1. After c in endings and suffixes, s is written, not and,

for example; wrestlers, chubby, .sestritsyn.

Exercise 59

1. And to the friendly foxes ... we croak the words of the crow-

la in all the crow's throat (Kr.). 2. So trees ... their sheets

changes every spring (P.). 3. One of our interviewees-

Nikov, still young, pale-faced ... and a man, looking around-

wave of us all with bewilderment (T.). 4. Banks and bottom of the river

strewn with quartz ... m (Meln.-Pech.). 5. In a short frock coat with

with short sleeves, Yakov fussed, pouring

ki tea (M. G.). 6. Old healed ulcers turned white glossy

miss scars ... wadded spots (Cupr.). 1. Young gulls

it’s convenient to ring ... in large quantities and in such a way

learn at once the airways of migratory birds

(Prishv.). I. The low sun from under the GLOSSY ... FIGHT foliage

made its way between the gnarled trunks (A.N.T.). 9. She

was preparing for the first time to dance Cinderella (Paust.). 10. By

trunk, at an equal distance from each other, to the very

vertices with regular annular ... cutouts in two

centimeter deep, wood was removed (Are.). 11. We

stood, clinging to the entrance to the tunnel pipe,

en...bathroom outside with wild stone slabs (Cat.).

12. Batmanov did not take the head of the heavy section,

SBINTS ... YOUR look (Azh.).

Exercise 60 (repetition). Rewrite, inserting pro-

allowed letters in accordance with the rules for writing glas-

nyh after hissing and q in roots, suffixes and endings.

1. I lowered the ts...novka, wrapped myself in a fur coat and dozed off

(77.). 2. They blurted into banduras, ts ... mbals - and went sweat-

ha (G.). 3. The British everywhere know how to bring their h ... port-

ness (Gonch.). 4. We went to the confectionery, drank a cup

ke sh ... colada (S.-SH.). 5. She starts to redo the non-

how much my hairstyle ... sku and makes you go to the mirror

(Black). 6. Edwards was an excellent rider, equi-

librist, gymnast, j...ngler, dressmaker

to train training horses (Grig.). 7. Damn...rt knows what ras-

the mind of the pupil walked! (Rem.). 8. Scribe, little

cue, kuts ... and a man with a red nose and in a f ... case-

com cap, enters the crowd (Ch.). 9. At the door to the hall, paint

Lyutov wore a brocade caftan (M. G.). 10. Everything is

whether to chat with Katerina Andreevna and Lyakhov (Ve-

res.). II. Pulmonary and chronic diseases began

(7/. Morozov). 12. Enough penny ... truths (Mayak.).

13. Piles were piled up near another fanz

shell ... ray crabs, dried up and reddened in the sun

tse (Are.). 14. Finally, the boat

sandy bottom (A. N. T.). 15. A terrible fear raced them through

darkness and impassable slum ... boo (Shishk.). 16. Bottom logs

they rotted near the mill, and well ... forehead, into which flows ... t from

pond water on the wheel, rotted and tilted (Telesh.).

17. She hardly heard my admiring whisper

(Smooth). 18. Posh ... ssirovanny cloth for bicycle

distov traveled at a speed of twelve kilometers in

hour senior resident (Fed.). 19. The university students had grief

it's time for tea: they passed the test ... you (Erenb.). 20. Seryozha fury-

but whistled ... with a cloth and clicked ... with a shutter (Fad.). 21. Sta-

rich ... fiercely found fault with us (Laust.). 22. In the car

a girl entered in a white downy shawl and a ...

jacket (Ant.). 23. It was clear to everyone that bread was supported ... n and

that set fire ... g - the work of their people (Bub.). 24. Immediately

after a strong push, the dome of the pa-

rash ... ta (Sayan.). 25. We have a ... furry, especially among

youth, became the most favorite profession (Bab.).

26. In some places heavy

spring drops (Field). 27. How many wild thickets ... b, where

people haven't gotten in yet! (Azh.). 28. Bark on trees and

bushes became glossy ... twisted, glossy (V. Paul-

thoracic). 29. On the boat were sailors, healthy, strong

nye, armed with daggers and pistols (Trans.).

30. Well, the pig ... eats people, but does not notice the oak (ate.).

Exercise 61 (repetition). Rewrite, inserting where

needed, missing letters. Writing words in a foreign language

check out in a dictionary.

1.1. Compromising a girl is not in my rules

(L.). 2. In the stormy ak ... rmpan ... mente, overflows were heard

waves (T.). 3. In addition to them, there were other applicants ... dents

on the sister's hand (S.-Sch.). 4. Can be found very instructive

telny precedents ... in serf practice (S.-Shch.).

5. Samghin's patron was especially pr...passionate to pe...and-

mystical lyrics by Golenishchev-Kutuzov (M. G.).

6. Warships, having finished the summer k.,. company, stya-

went to the harbor for the winter (Nov.-Pr.). 1. Soviet in-

bodies ... genzia - an neoteml ... part of the people (A. N. T.).

8. From time to time there arose in our midst some

some troubles and incidents ... dents (Telesh.). 9. Non-

Yatel opened a hurricane of artillery ... erisky fire and chain-

mi went on the offensive (Furm.). 10. Trot ahead

went kava ... eria (Furm.). 11. After breakfast, the whole group ... mpa-

they left for a rest home (Good.). 12. From next year

Olga wanted to start experiments on the a...limatization of new

varieties of apple trees, cherries, kryzh ... vnik (Aram.).

II. 1. In a socialist society there are no anti ... persecuted

ical contradictions. 2. The revolution destroyed the

b ... l ... gated estates. 3. At the evening of poetry with pain

Our success was the young poet ... a. 4. Line, co-

the torus divides the angle in half, is called bi ... ektri ... oh.

5. Debutant...ka did a good job with a difficult role

experienced intriguer ... ki. 6. The population of a number of overseas

countries increased thanks to and ... migration. 7. Conclude

telny a ... horde of the people ... of the revolutionary movement that has become

zheniya in 1905 was the December armed war ...-

tanya. 8. The sun has already risen high above the horizon ... umbrella.

9. Table top competition is over

(pin...-pong). 10. All those ... the history of the plant was a ... urate

Municipal budgetary educational institution "Urakhchi Basic General Education School"

Rybno-Slobodsky municipal district

Republic of Tatarstan

"Writing O and E after sizzling

in endings and suffixes

nouns and adjectives"

(Russian language lesson in grade 4)

Prepared and conducted

primary school teacher Chugunova Lyubov Nikolaevna

2016

Topic: Spelling O and E after nouns and adjectives hissing in endings and suffixes

Target: formation of spelling o, e after nouns and adjectives hissing in endings and suffixes

Tasks: - to identify the degree of assimilation by students of knowledge about parts of speech (nouns, adjectives), word morphemes;

To create conditions for the development of skills in the correct spelling of letters O-E after nouns and adjectives hissing in suffixes and endings in younger students.

To develop coherent speech, creative thinking, the ability to compare, analyze and generalize.

Lesson type : lesson learning new material.

UUD: subject : apply knowledge on the topic being studied; make a collective decision in the process of joint activities; assess the level of their cognitive interest in the topic under study; distinguish characteristic features and patterns.

Personal : mastering the personal meaning of teaching; broad motivation for teaching, acceptance of someone else's opinion; perception of education as a personal value; provide adequate self-assessment.

Metasubject

Cognitive: extract the necessary information from the textbook and additional sources of knowledge (dictionaries, cards, tables).

Regulatory: regulate their own activities aimed at learning new things; plan their activities; work according to plan.

Communicative: planning educational cooperation with the teacher and peers; the ability to express one's thoughts; assessment of the quality of one's own and general educational activities

Planned results : the student will learn to explain the studied spelling; use the rule of writing o, e after hissing (in the endings and suffixes of nouns and adjectives)

Basic concepts: spelling o, e after hissing, noun, adjective, suffix, ending

Resources : Churakova N.A. Russian language. Grade 4: Textbook 1 hour;

Baikova T.A. Russian language. Grade 4: Notebook for independent work No. 1; cards for individual, pair and group work, tables with conclusions and an algorithm for working on writing O and Y after nouns and adjectives hissing in endings and suffixes, lesson plan, presentation.

Forms of work : frontal, group, steam room, individual

During the classes:

I . Organizing time

The bell has already rung.
The lesson starts.
We are not alone today
The guests came to class.
Turn around quickly
Welcome guests!

Let's start the Russian lesson.

Guys, please open your notebooks, check your fit, write down the date of December 12, cool work.

Research of language material .

W: guys. Pay attention to the board. Word combinations are written on the board. Why are there different vowels after the sibilants in the following words?

In dense e m forest embroidered handkerchief e to

watchman e howl boat fluffy snow about to

in big about m house warm beam about m

hedgehog about great bowl gauntlets e th

You can use the hint. (separate words by composition)

Teacher: Write down in a notebook words with spellings after hissing, highlight the morpheme. (Grisha works on a piece of paper)

In which morpheme are there spellings of vowels after hissing? Are they spelled the same?

Suggested Answer : vowel suffixes, endings and are spelled differently.

T: What are we going to talk about in class?

LESSON TOPIC FORMULATION

Spelling O and E after nouns and adjectives hissing in endings and suffixes

(Lesson topic on the board)

GOAL SETTING lesson by students using the technique of conjecture

(continue sentences):

1. Let's get acquainted ………..

2. Fix the spelling …………

3. Check your ………….

II . Actualization of students' knowledge about the spelling of O and E after nouns hissing in suffixes

T: Now we willFINK - WRIGHT - ROUND ROBIN

Your job is to think. Insert the desired letters on the sheets. Then take turns reading your answer from the piece of paper.(we work in groups)

D: insert the desired letters

W: Guys having difficulty writing words.

D: yes

Q: What are the difficulties?

D: writing letters o-e after hissing

What happens? Problem situation

D: There is a problem: what letter should be written after hissing in the suffix O or Yo.

Q: How to solve the problem? Let's look inWhat part of the word is this spelling?

To do this, you need to find out from the basis of which word these words are formed.

D: The word barrel is formed from the stem of the word bock with the suffix -ok. So this spelling is in the suffix.

Writing in a notebook with a column of words: bok-, ram-, etc.

Bat poster reading on page 135

IN SUFFIXS of nounsunder stress spelled Oh,without accent - E, if these nouns are formed from other nouns:

peasantabout to - (from a man); /

starling - (starling); /

ravine - (from ravine); /

U: We place the stresses in the words on the pieces of paper. We check whether the missing letters are correctly inserted after the hissing ones, using the rule. Write down these words. What alternation do we see? (c/h, n/sh, etc.)

III . Exercises to fix the spelling O and Yo (e) after nouns hissing in suffixes

Exercise 103, p. 103

T: Read the lines of poetry.

D: I cut a bitter ray (yo \ o) to the old man (yo \ o) to

I dined with them and lay down boch (yo \ o) k.

U: Write down the words with the suffix -ok- column. Next to each of these words, write down the words from the basis of which they are formed. Show the alternation of consonants visible on the letter [k] \ [h].

D: luh ok-luto

oldh ok oldto

boh ok - boto

Fizminutka

Are you tired?

Well, then everyone stood up together!

They sank their feet.

They clapped their hands.

Leaning right, left

Twisted, turned.

And everyone sat down at the desks.

We close our eyes tightly

We count to five together.

We open, we blink

And we continue to work

IV . PEA SEA MIX (RELLY ROBIN)

Q: What is a noun?

D: A noun is an independent part of speech that denotes an object and answers the questions WHO? WHAT?

T: Which letter in noun suffixes is stressed?

D: in the suffixes of a noun, it is written O under stress.

U: What letter in noun suffixes is written in an unstressed position?

D: In an unstressed position, the letter E is written in the suffixes of a noun

Q: What is an adjective?

D: The adjective is an independent part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and answers the questions WHAT? WHICH? WHICH? WHICH?

U: And what letters are written in adjective suffixes after hissing?

V . Formation of students' knowledge of spelling O and E after adjectives hissing in suffixes

Bat rule p.136.

At exercise 105, p 137

A) T: Read the task to yourself. Table #… Member #…, tell me what to do.

D: From the bases of nouns, you need to form adjectives using the suffix -ov- or -ev- and write them down. In the resulting words, you need to put stress and highlight the suffix.

(mutual check)

T: You have word cards on your tables. I also have word cards. I raise the card, and you make up a phrase by choosing from the list of nouns that are suitable in meaning and putting them in the desired form.

Group 1 words adjectives: key ..., reeds ..., walrus ..., hedgehog ....

Group 2 nouns: water, thickets, mustache, family.

T: Make two sentences using all four phrases.

D: for example: The hedgehog family went for spring water. Suddenly, a walrus mustache appeared from the reed thickets.

VI . Formation of students' knowledge of spelling O and E after nouns and adjectives hissing in the endings

Bat rule, p.137

Exercise 106, page 137

VII . Lesson summary Reflection. ( Regulatory: accept and save the learning task when completing assignments; act according to the guidelines given by the teacher.)

Our lesson has come to an end.

I propose to evaluate how you coped with the task.

Take the emoticon that tells about your mood in the lesson.

What goal did we set for ourselves today at the beginning of the lesson?

Application

In dense e m forest embroidered handkerchief e to

watchman e howl boat fluffy snow about to

in big about m house warm beam about m

hedgehog about great bowl gauntlets e th

Boch..k, lamb..k, snow..k, badger..nok, wreath..k, handkerchief..ek, shepherd..k.

key…

reeds…

walrus…

hedgehog…

water

thickets

mustache

family

1. After w, h, w, w not written yu, i, s, but are written u, a, and for example: miracle, pike, hour, grove, fat, sew.

Letters Yu and I are allowed after these consonants only in foreign words (mainly French), for example: jury, parachute.

2. After w, h, w, w under stress in accordance with the pronunciation is written about:

in the endings of nouns and adjectives, for example: shoulder, knife, hut, someone else's, big;

in suffixes of nouns and adjectives: - OK (horn, cockerel); -onok (teddy bear, mouse); -onk-a (booklet, pen);-ov (hedgehog, penny); -he- (ridiculous);

at the end of adverbs, for example : fresh, hot, general(but yet).

3. After w, h, w, w written under stress her), although pronounced about:

in verb endings, for example: you lie, you lie etc., bake, bake etc.;

in verbal suffix -yovyva-, for example: to blur, to overwhelm;

in the suffix of verbal nouns - yovk-, for example: migration, demarcation;

in the suffix of nouns - er, for example: conductor, trainee;

in the suffix of passive participles -yonn- (-yon-) and in words formed from such participles, for example: tense, tense, tense, tense;

In words in the root of which, under stress, o is pronounced, alternating with e in other forms or in other words of the same root, for example: yellow (turn yellow), hard (harsh), acorn (acorns);

in the prepositional case of a pronoun what: about what, on what.

4. After c in endings and suffixes, it is written under stress about, without stress - e, for example: end - dance.

In foreign words, the letter is allowed about and in unstressed syllables, for example: jockey, chocolate.

After c in endings and suffix - un spelled s: birds, cucumbers, white-faced, sisters, and also in words gypsy, chick, tiptoe, chick(interjection) and in other words of the same root. In other cases, after c always spelled and, for example: station, mat, zinc, medicine.

double consonants

The combination of identical consonants in a word creates a certain orthographic difficulty for writing them, since in some words they are pronounced as one long sound ( rein), in others - as one short sound ( Class).

1. In the roots of native Russian words, double consonants are rare, for example: burns, reins, yeast, juniper, quarrel, Russia, eleven.

2. Double consonants in the root, as a rule, are characteristic of loanwords: alley, antenna, apparatus.

3. In the first part of compound words, which is a stem ending in a double consonant, only one consonant is written, for example: record, group.

Use of capital letters

1. Capital letters are written:

names, patronymics, surnames, pseudonyms, nicknames, nicknames of animals, mythological creatures and deities, characters in works of art, geographical and astronomical names, names of states, republics, for example: Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great (Peter I), Zeus, Mars, Moscow region, Pamir;

The names of the highest government organizations and institutions, as well as the names of the highest government positions and honorary titles: State Duma, President Russian Federation;

letter and sound abbreviations formed from proper names: Moscow Art Theater, All-Russian Exhibition Center.

2. The first word is written with a capital letter:

in the complex names of ministries, scientific institutions, higher educational institutions, in the names of holidays, historical eras and events: Moscow Pedagogical University, Teacher's Day, Petrine era;

in possessive adjectives with suffixes –ov (-ev), -in, -sk(Ivan's childhood), as well as in adjectives with the suffix –sk, if they are part of the names with the meaning "the name of such and such": Nobel Prize;

common abbreviations: Bolshoi Theater - State Order of Lenin Bolshoi Theatre.

3. The names of colors formed from proper names are written with a lowercase letter; particles, prepositions that are part of names and surnames: Ivan da Marya, Baudouin de Courtenay.

4. Proper names used in the meaning of common nouns are written with a capital letter, if they have not lost the sign of individuality.

Spelling H and HH in adjectives

1.double n spelled

in suffixes -enn-, -he N- adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, sickly, cranberry, revolutionary;

at the junction of a stem ending in n, and suffix n (lunar, legal).

2. One n spelled with suffixes -en-, (-yan-)(leather, wood); -in-(nightingale, chicken). adjectives wood, pewter, glass are written with double n.

3. With one n adjectives are written: crimson, drunken, ruddy, young, green, windy (but calm, ventilated).

Spelling H and HH in participles and verbal adjectives

1. In the full passive participles of the past tense, it is written nn(as a rule, these participles have prefixes or explanatory words), in short - n: verified works - verified works. Short verbal adjectives retain the spelling nn: valuable invention - the invention is valuable.

2. In adjectives formed from passive participles of the past tense, it is written n, if these adjectives do not have a prefix: scientific works, wounded border guards, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish.

3. With nn adjectives of verbal origin are written in -ovanny, -evanny(Besides chewed and forged), for example: spoiled child, uprooted plot.

4. Two nn is written in some adjectives formed from non-prefixed verbs: given, done, sacred, unseen, unguessed, unexpected, unheard.

Pronoun spelling

1. In negative pronouns, it is written under stress not, without stress - neither. Particles not and neither are written together in the absence of a preposition ( nobody), separately if there is a preposition that is placed between the particle and the pronoun ( in no one).

2. Combinations none other (other) than ..., none other (other) than contrasts matter, which is why they write (separately) a negative particle not.

pronominal combinations no one else…; nothing else is..., are not associated with opposition and, as a rule, are used in sentences in which there is a negation. In these combinations, the particle is used, which is written together with the pronoun, for example: no one else could say it;

3. Suffixes - then, -or, -someday and prefix something- as part of indefinite pronouns, they are written with a hyphen ( anything). If there is an offer after something the latter is written separately: with someone.

Spelling of verbs

Verbs with unstressed personal endings are distributed by conjugation as follows:

all verbs in -it, as well as 6 verbs in -et: twirl, see, depend, offend, watch, endure- and 4 verbs on -at: drive, hold, breathe, hear- belong to the II conjugation, and endings are written in them -ish, -it, -them, -ite, -at(-yat);

All other verbs belong to the I conjugation, and endings are written in them -eat, -et, -eat, -et, -ut (-ut).

Exception: Verbs shave and be based- I conjugations ( shave, shave; builds up, builds up).

Prefixed verbs follow the conjugation of the non-prefixed verbs from which they are derived, for example: drink, drink(cf. drink, drink) - I conjugation; sleep, sleep(cf. sleep, sleep) - II conjugation.

Verb to want in units h. has endings of I conjugation ( want, want), and in pl. h. ending II conjugation ( want, want, want).

Verb lay used only in the infinitive and past tense, personal forms are formed from the verb lay I conjugations.

Spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with prefixes in-, on the-, per- have at the end -about (right, tight). Adverbs with prefixes before, from-, With- have at the end - a (dry, occasionally).

2. Adverbs are written together:

Formed by combining prepositions with adverbs, for example: until now, from the outside, forever, the day after tomorrow, utterly, for nothing;

From such adverbs, it is necessary to distinguish combinations of prepositions written separately with invariable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, for example: till tomorrow, at random, to no(remove) with a bang;

Formed by combining prepositions in and on the with collective numbers, for example: double, triple, quadruple etc., two, three, but: two, three.

Formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives, for example: dry, dead, from afar, hastily, little by little, in vain, slowly, rashly;

Formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns, for example: hard-boiled, close, hand-to-hand, often, recklessly, at random, for the first time, probably, in a draw, with might and main.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and to me, like a bird,German; adjective beginning with a vowel, for example: openly.

3. Adverbs are written through a hyphen:

ending in - omu, -to him, -tsuki, -ski, -i with prefix on-, for example: on-

ending in -s, - them with prefixes in-, in-, for example: Firstly Secondly;

Formed by repetition of words or word stems, for example: barely, just a little;

indefinite adverbs with particles something, -then, -or, someday, for example: somehow, somewhere, sometime.

4. Separately written:

combinations of nouns with prepositions without (tirelessly), before (till you drop), in(in trade for), on the (on the run), per(after midnight), With (on the move), on(the old fashioned way), under (on the sly), from(from strength);

Some combinations of figurative, figurative meaning ( fundamentally wrong, it plays into my hands, to get into a dead end).

Spelling of prepositions

1. Complex prepositions are written with a hyphen from behind, from under, above, behind;

2. Prepositions are written together due to(meaning "for a reason") like(meaning "similar") instead of, due to, like, about, in excess of.

3. Prepositions are written in two words as, due, in business, in a relationship, during, Finally, in continuation, by virtue of, at the expense.

4. Prepositions during, Finally, in continuation, due to have at the end e;

5. Prepositions regardless of, in spite of should be distinguished from the gerund with a particle not(in spite of, in spite of)

Spelling unions

To distinguish alliances too, also, to from consonant combinations Same, just like that, you need to be guided by the following:

· if same is a particle, it can usually be omitted, for example: work like everyone else work like everyone else; if this cannot be done, then same is part of the union also, too) and is written together;

· if would- a particle, it can be transferred to another part of a sentence or combination, for example: whatever he did - whatever he would do; if this cannot be done, then would is part of the union to) and is written together;

unions too and also can be replaced by other unions, for example: The students of this group love physics, I am also (too) fond of it. The students of this group love physics, and I am fond of it.

1. about , according to the pronunciation:

   a) in the endings of nouns, for example: dugout, turn(by turning) listing, displacement, footage, installation, dummy, page, rack, ball, paralysis, raisins, hut, tick, ivy, boundary, candle, left-handed, sling(cf. unstressed endings: turn- in photography landscape, prestige, type, tonnage, timing; weeping; apashem, plush; vegetable; dacha, noshey, forest);

   b) in the endings of adjectives, for example: someone else's, big(cf. unstressed endings: red, good);

   c) in noun suffixes: -OK (debt, hook, shepherd boy, borscht), -onok (teddy bear, wolf cub, frog), -onk-a (little book, nag, little soul);

   d) in suffixes of adjectives: -ov- (hedgehog, chesuchovy, penny, horsetail), -he (with a fluent about : ridiculous);

   e) at the end (in suffixes) of adverbs, for example: fresh already(meaning "then", "after"), hot, evening(meaning "last night") general.

2. After sizzling under the impact, it is written her) , although pronounced about :

   a) in the endings of verbs, for example: lies, flows;

   b) in the verb suffix -yovyva- , for example: to sever, to uproot, to obscure;

   c) in a suffix -yovk- verbal nouns, for example: cleavage, stubble(but: hacksaw- from an adjective knife);

   d) in a suffix -yor- nouns, for example: trainee, retoucher;

   e) in the suffix -young-(-young-) passive participles, for example: smitten, irrigated, terminated; smitten, irrigated, terminated; in suffix -yeon- verbal adjectives, for example: burnt, smoked; in words derived from words of this type, for example: zhzhenka, smoked products, stew, simplicity;

   e) in the prepositional case of the pronoun what : about what, on what; in words and, at all.

§ 36. Vowels after c

1. After c in endings and suffixes, it is written under stress about , without stress - e . For example: end - finger, merchants - merchants, finger - dress, tibia - calico, ring - ring.
2. After c in endings and suffixes it is written s (as opposed to writing in roots, ), for example: fighters, streets, red-faced, sisters.

   Note. In surnames, vowels after hissing and c are written independently of the rules given in § 35 and 36, in accordance with the spellings in official documents. Wed: Pugachev - Tkachov, Shishov - Chernyshev, Lisitsyn - Tsitsin.