Examples of inversion of the song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich. Designing lessons on the "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov" (G.I.

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

(1814–1841)

Poem "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich,

young oprichnik and daring merchant Kalashnikov" (1837)

Composition and plot

Heroes

Paramonovich Kalashnikov	"stately fellow" who lives according to the law of God: “And I was born from an honest father, / And I lived according to the law of the Lord ... ". Like a Russian hero, he is ready to fight in an open, equal battle. For him, honor and "holy mother truth" are dearer than life. Kalashnikov does not want to save his life with a lie. Ivan Vasilyevich appreciates this. To the question of the tsar, “by free will or reluctantly” he killed the guardsman, the merchant fearlessly answers: "I killed him at will." He does not explain the reasons, not wanting to dishonor his wife. Saying goodbye to his brothers, Kalashnikov thinks about his family: “Bow from me to Alena Dmitrevna, Tell her to be less sad Don't tell my kids about me." And after death, good people do not forget his grave: "The old man will pass- cross yourself, Well done- pose; The girl will pass- get upset And the goons will pass- sing a song."
Oprichnik Kiribeevich	« A daring fighter, a violent fellow". He is able to love, but he does not live according to moral and spiritual laws. Kiribeevich belongs to the Skuratov family. The name of Malyuta Skuratov, henchman of Ivan the Terrible, went down in history, it terrified the people. Oprichniki - close associates of the king, subordinate only to him. They were ruthless and carried on with impunity.
Tsar Ivan Vasilevich	Dual image. The king is both a cruel, self-willed tyrant and a caring ruler-father. Ivan the Terrible gives his oprichnik a "ring yakhontovy” and “pearl necklace”, promises to take care of the Kalashnikov family: "Young wife and your orphans from my treasury I will please I command your brothers from this very day throughout the Russian kingdom wide Trade without knowing, duty-free. But the king lives according to his own laws, does not keep his word (“ Whoever beats whom, the king will reward him; / And whoever is beaten, God will forgive him"). He allows his oprichniks to act outrageously, and orders the winner in a fair fight to be publicly executed.

Conflict in the poem

Folklore elements in the poem

Permanent	good fellow, the earth is damp, the field is clean
Permanent comparisons	“Walks smoothly - like a swan; Looks sweet - like a dove; He says a word - the nightingale sings ... "
Negative parallelism	"The red sun does not shine in the sky, Blue clouds do not admire them: Then at the meal he sits in a golden crown, The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.
Hyperbolas	“Here the king hit the ground with a stick, And an oak floor half a quarter He struck with an iron tip ... "
Avatars	“The scarlet dawn rises; She swept her golden curls, Washed by crumbly snows, Like a beauty looking in the mirror Looks at the clear sky, smiles
colloquial	vovo, kiss, honest father
on the - teach, -yuchi	playful, singing, feasting
Double titles	sharpen, sharpen, dress, dress up, buzzes-howls
Traditional appeals	"You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!", "You are my lord, Stepan Paramonovich..."
	“The horses have grown cold to me, Brocade outfits are disgusted ... "
Beginning of lines with "I", "Ay", "Yes", "Gay"	"Hey you, our faithful servant, Kiribeevich ...", “Ay, guys, sing - just build a harp!”
Syntactic parallelism	“The kite will peck out my tearful eyes, The rain will wash my orphan bones ... "
Inversions	“In the family she was born a merchant ...”
Tiebacks	"In the church of God remarried, Married to a young merchant"
magical	“Three times a loud cry was called ...”

Silently, they both part,

The heroic battle begins.

Then Kiribeevich swung

And hit the first merchant Kalashnikov,

And hit him in the middle of the chest -

Chest of youth cracked,

A copper cross hung on his broad chest.

With holy relics from Kyiv, -

And the cross bent and pressed into the chest;

Like dew, blood dripped from under him;

And Stepan Paramonovich thought:

"What is destined to be, it will come true;

I will stand for the truth until the last day!"

He contrived, prepared,

Gathered with all my strength

And hit your hater

Directly to the left temple from the entire shoulder.

And the young oprichnik groaned lightly,

Rocked, dropped dead;

He fell on the cold snow

On the cold snow, like a pine,

Like a pine in a damp forest

Hemmed under the resinous root,

And, seeing that, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich

Angry with anger, stomped on the ground

And he frowned his black brows;

He commanded to seize the daring merchant

And bring him before your face.

As the Orthodox Tsar said:

"Answer me truthfully, honestly,

Wave of will or reluctance

You killed my faithful servant,

Movo of the best fighter Kiribeevich?

"I'll tell you, Orthodox Tsar:

I killed him at will,

And for what, about what - I will not tell you,

I will only tell God.

Order me to be executed - and carry on the chopping block

I blame the little head;

Do not leave only small children,

Don't leave the young widow

Yes, my two brothers by your grace ... "

IN 1. The duel between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov is decisive in the plot of the poem. What is the term for moment highest voltage actions?

IN 2. With the traditions of what folklore genre is the depiction of a duel as a battle of heroes associated?

AT 3. What is the name of the form of communication between characters based on the exchange of remarks and used in this fragment?

AT 4. What figurative and expressive means, which is an assimilation of one phenomenon to another (for example, “like dew ... dripped blood”, “fell down on cold snow ... like a pine tree”) did the author use?

AT 5. What is the name of the repetition of cognate words justified by expressive purposes in a phrase or in the same sentence (for example, “angry with anger”, “free will”)?

AT 6. What is the name of the stylistic device, which consists in repeating the initial elements of adjacent lines (for example, “and hit the merchant Kalashnikov for the first time, / And hit him in the middle of the chest”)?

C1. Why does Kalashnikov, recognizing that the murder of Kiribeevich was completely deliberate by him, refuses to the tsar his reason?

C2. In what works of Russian literature of the 19th century is the theme of the defense of honor one of the main ones, and what are the similarities and differences in its interpretation with the poem?

OPTIONS OF TASKS С1.

A) What caused the duel between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov?

B) Why is the death of Kiribeevich, who was initially guilty before Kalashnikov, described in the poem with sympathy and even pity. To the oprichnik?

C) What was the expression of the royal “mercy”, which Ivan Vasilyevich Kalashnikov asked for?

OPTIONS OF TASKS С2.

A) In what works of Russian literature do the authors refer to folklore images, motifs, artistic techniques, and what are the similarities and differences in their use with?

B) In what works of Russian literature do real historical figures enter into the system of characters, and how is their participation in the fate of the fictional heroes of the work manifested?

IN 1. climax

IN 2. Bylina

AT 3. Dialog

AT 4. Comparison

AT 5. Tautology

AT 6. Anaphora

Over the great Moscow, golden-domed,
Above the wall of the Kremlin white stone
Because of the distant forests, because of the blue mountains,
Effortlessly on boarded roofs,
Gray clouds are dispersing,
The scarlet dawn rises;
She swept her golden curls,
Washed by crumbly snows,
Like a beauty looking in the mirror
The sky looks clean, smiles.

How did they get together
Removed Moscow fighters
To the Moscow River, to a fistfight,
Take a walk for the holiday, have fun.
And the king came with his retinue,
With boyars and guardsmen,
And ordered to stretch the silver chain,
Soldered with pure gold in rings.
They cordoned off a place of twenty-five sazhens,
For hunting combat, single.
And then Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ordered
Call to click in a ringing voice:
"Oh, where are you, good fellows?
You amuse the king of our father!
Come out into a wide circle;
Whoever beats whom, the king will reward him;
And whoever is beaten, God will forgive him!"

And the daring Kiribeevich comes out,
The king bows silently from the waist,
Throws off a velvet coat from mighty shoulders,
Leaning to the side with your right hand,
Adjusts another scarlet hat,
He is waiting for his opponent...
Three times a loud cry was called -
Not a single fighter moved,
They just stand and push each other.

In the open, the oprichnik paces,
He makes fun of bad fighters:
"Calm down, I suppose, thoughtful!
So be it, I promise, for the holiday,
I will release the living with repentance,
I will only amuse our tsar father."

Suddenly the crowd dispersed in both directions -
And Stepan Paramonovich comes out,
A young merchant, a daring fighter,
Nicknamed Kalashnikov.
He bowed first to the terrible king,
After the white Kremlin and the holy churches,
And then to all the Russian people,
His falcon eyes are burning,
He looks at the oprichnik intently.
Opposite him, he becomes
Pulls on combat gloves
Mighty shoulders straightens

Yes, he strokes his curly head.

(“A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov”)

IN 1. What Russian tsar, famous for the introduction of the oprichnina, was portrayed by the poet in the “Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov”?

IN 2. Define the genre "Songs about ... the merchant Kalashnikov"?

AT 3. What artistic technique, based on the humanization of natural phenomena, does the author use when describing the “scarlet dawn”?

AT 4. What term is used to designate a means of artistic expression, which is a stable figurative definition characteristic of works of oral folk art (“golden curls”, “clear skies”, “good fellows”, “mighty shoulders”, “daring fighter”)?

AT 5. What are the names of the words that the characters use in their speech: “come out”, “I suppose”, “I promise”, etc.?

Why did you, scarlet dawn, wake up?
What joy did you play?

AT 7. The song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov "is written in unrhymed verse. What is this type of verse called?

C1. Do you agree with the opinion that the fist fight between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov is the personification of the struggle between the permissiveness of the "state" law and the moral "private" person?

C2. In what works of Russian poets and writers of the XIX century. do the heroes resolve the conflict situation with a duel?

IN 1. Ivan the Terrible

AT 3. personification

AT 4. Permanent epithet

AT 5. vernacular

AT 6. Rhetorical question

The first poem that Lermontov decided to publish was “A Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov”. The poem is a stylization of Russian folklore in a grand epic form. In terms of genre and artistic originality, it turned out to be the only one of its kind and was not continued either in the work of its author or other poets. The “Song ...” did not have something in common with Lermontov's previous works. True, in the poem “Boyarin Orsha”, the author touches on a family theme, but the peculiarity of “Songs ...” is that this topic is presented here in a completely different way, although we are also talking about the dishonor of the family. . _
The theme of dishonor was very characteristic of Lermontov's work of this period, but it must be said that he distinguished between insult and dishonor. The insulted nobleman received satisfaction in a duel, regardless of its outcome, it was a duel of equals. “Disgrace, as a solution to the situation, provided for murder, suicide or insanity, that is, in any / case, dishonor is irreversible, and the dishonored person can no longer remain in the society of honor.” So wrote Lermontov himself.
In the poem "The Death of a Poet" Lermontov not accidentally actively emphasizes the thirst for revenge of the "slave of honor." The researcher of the poet's work, B.M. Eikhenbaum, suggested that “The Song ...” might have been written during an imaginary illness that forced the poet to stay at home after the death of A.S. Pushkin. In this case, those who believe that the impetus for the creation of the poem could have been precisely the death of Pushkin, who defended his honor and the honor of his family, are right.
He shamed me, he shamed me
Me honest, immaculate ... -
Alena Dmitrievna says to her husband about Kiribeevich. Although she begins her story, falling at the feet of her husband, Stepan Paramonovich, she asks not for forgiveness, because she has nothing to blame, but for intercession.
Don't give me your faithful wife
To the evil scoundrels!
Thus, taking revenge on the guardsman Kiribeevich, the merchant Kalashnikov first of all fulfills the request of Alena Dmitrievna and acts as a protector of the family and clan. Alena Dmitrievna, turning to her husband, recalls her relatives, dead and alive, proving that she has no one else to ask for help, like her own family. Here Lermontov accurately reflects the medieval consciousness of the Russian people, although this situation has not lost its relevance even in his time. After all, Pushkin also defended the honor of his family, and not just his own.
Another genre feature of the poem is the author's intention to reduce the romantic halo of the images of the main characters. Lermontov gives them realistic features, the Christian ideals of the Russian people are directly reflected in the psychology of the main characters of the poem. So, the “crafty slave” Ki-ribeevich deceived the king, not telling him that “... the beauty In the church of God was remarried According to our Christian law.” By this he violates the immutable law, mad with love. First, the guardsman asks the tsar to let him go “... to the steppes of the Volga, to lay down a violent little head there,” but unwittingly becomes a victim of his own deception. The tsar grants him jewels, with the help of which Kiribeevich tries to seduce Alena Dmitrievna. Ivan the Terrible himself pushes his favorite to a dishonorable act.
I will dress you like a queen
Everyone will envy you
Just don't let me die a sinful death,
love me hug me
For once goodbye...
This is how Kiribeevich begs his love. His claims are not unlimited - he, like Mtsyri, is ready to be content with a few moments of happiness. Oprichnik is still a Christian, he is afraid to die a sinful death, that is, to commit suicide. But at the same time, he is a typical Lermontov's hero, because he acts, regardless of the fact that everything happens in front of the “evil neighbors”.
And he caressed me, kissed me;
On my cheeks and now they burn
Spread with living flame
Kiss him cursed -
Alena Dmitrievna tells with disgust. The self-willed hero is comprehended by retribution, carried out not only by Kalashnikov and the “power of providence”, but by the power of conscience of Kiribeevich himself. He can't help but take the fight to the death. But at the same time, he manifests himself in him as a real “basurman son”. When he hit the merchant Kalashnikov, he bent the cross hanging on the chest of Stepan Paramonovich with holy relics from Kyiv. The blow turned out to be so strong that Kalashnikov gathers all his strength to survive.
At the same time, he does not behave like a romantic hero, he does not fight fate and does not oppose it, but simply defends the honor of the family. His cause is just, but from the point of view of the existing law, he administers lynching and is ready to accept execution for this. Stepan Paramonovich takes upon himself the fate of a criminal, which could not happen in a romantic poem, where the hero would prefer death to such a fate and become a martyr, about whom they will later compose songs.
The genre originality of the poem also lies in the fact that “besides the realistic conflicts “Kiribeevich - the Kalashnikov family”, “Kalashnikov - Ivan the Terrible”, there is also a romantic conflict in the poem. This is a conflict between a worthy person and the crowd, which in this case took the form of a historical social psychology. Stepan Paramonovich cannot tell the tsar that he killed “reluctantly”, not only because of his honesty and directness. The fact that he killed “by free will” should be known to everyone. This is what will wash away the stain of shame from the family. The moral independence of Kalashnikov, the fact that he is a person, and not a "crafty slave", is the reason for his tragic death in the poem. Personal dignity in it is inextricably linked with the people's moral principles. Therefore, despite the “shameful execution” and the fact that he was not buried according to the Christian rite (not in the cemetery), the merchant left a good memory of himself among the people. Passing by his nameless grave,
... old man - cross himself
A good fellow will pass - he will sit down,
A girl will pass - she will grieve,
And the harpists will pass - they will sing a song.
The poem ends with a major, truly song chord.
Thus, the idea of ​​the poem, unlike the classical canons, is not limited to the opposition of the “heroless” modernity and the heroic past, the age of extraordinary people. In the poem, not all characters deserve sympathy and approval. So, the merchant Kalashnikov, faithful to the people's moral principles, turns out to be morally superior to the tsar himself.
Lermontovsky the Terrible is not at all unknowingly pushing Kiri-beevich to violence and executing Kalashnikov. There is a monstrous cynicism in his character. His answer to the dignified words of Stepan Paramonovich “I killed him of my free will, And for what about what - I won’t tell you, I’ll only tell God alone ...” the king begins with a gloomy joke: “It’s good for you, kid, that you kept the answer in good conscience ”, - and lists all future good deeds to his relatives, leaving the death sentence to the end, and, as if saying nothing, calls the Kalashnikov children orphans.
Your young wife and your orphans
From my treasury, I'll take it.
Promising a solemn execution to the merchant, the tsar actually arranges “mockery of the condemned”. He utters frankly mocking words:
"
I order the ax to sharpen, sharpen,
I order the executioner to dress up, dress up,
I will order you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
That you are not abandoned by my mercy.
“Song...” clearly highlights the process of Lermontov's artistic evolution. From the lyrical intensity of the style centered around the author's "I", from direct and open lyrical formulas, from the genre of confession, the author proceeds to the creation of psychological images and plots. Main character as if foreseeing tragic events, when nothing foreshadows trouble yet. So on that very ill-fated day, a young merchant sits at the counter, lays out goods, "
With an affectionate speech, he lures guests,
Gold, silver counts.
Yes, an unkind day asked him:
The rich walk past the bar
Do not look into his shop.
In the poem, between hot events, an amazing image of Ancient Rus' and its capital Moscow appears:
Above the great Moscow, golden-domed,
Above the wall of the Kremlin white stone
Because of the distant forests, because of the blue mountains,
Effortlessly on boarded roofs,
Gray clouds are dispersing,
The scarlet dawn rises;
She swept her golden curls,
Washed by crumbly snows,
Like a beauty looking in the mirror
The sky looks clean, smiles.
The richness of historical details and signs of time distinguishes Lermontov's poem. This is not only a description of clothing, utensils, weapons, but also the behavior of the main characters, say, before the battle. Individual characteristics are added to the general, historically determined features. So, Kiribeevich, going out to fight, “... silently bows to the king from the waist”, then he “in the open ... paces, He laughs at bad fighters”. Kalashnikov, going out against the guardsman, “He first bowed to the terrible tsar, After the white Kremlin and the holy churches, And then to all the Russian people.”
In the poem, we encounter such artistic devices as the use of traditional epithets (“sweet, overseas wine”, “falcon eyes”), comparisons, syntactic repetitions, parallelisms, inversions, direct negation (“The red sun does not shine in the sky, Clouds do not admire it blue: Then at the meal sits in a golden crown, the formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich sits”). All these techniques masterfully reproduce the Russian folklore poetic style. In the spirit of Russian literature, even a syntactic construction with an extra conjunction “and”:
How tomorrow will be a fistfight
On the Moscow River in the presence of the tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman.
The stylized "song" of the poem, the emotional tension of its content, the dynamics of the plot hide some historical errors and some semantic inconsistencies. So, for example, Kiribeevich describes the beauty of Alena Dmitrievna to the tsar and praises her “blond, golden braids”, which he could not see, since married women hid their hair under a scarf.
One more feature of the “Song...” draws attention to itself - its polyphony. The song is sung by several harpists, but in one place the voice of the only author breaks through, who says about Alena Dmitrievna: “Everything trembled, my dear ...”
To relative inconsistency, it seems to me, is the triple repetition of the cry before the fight. “Three times a loud cry was called out - Not a single fighter even moved.” This does not mean that Stepan Paramonovich overslept like Onegin before the duel. The delay of the action in the poem increases the tension of the atmosphere, besides, the folklore principle of trinity is observed. This principle can also be seen in the composition of the work: there are three chapters and three refrains in the “Song...”
The finale of the “Song...” is, according to tradition, “glory” to the boyar, the boyaryna and the entire Christian people.
“A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov” is a unique work of Lermontov and all Russian literature. It is rightfully considered a masterpiece of Russian national classics.

For many centuries, the folklore type of poetic creativity prevailed among all peoples. Its characteristic features are oral, traditional, direct nationality, variance, the combination of the word with the artistic elements of other types of art, the collectivity of creation and distribution.

Centuries later, this tradition began to revive everywhere, although with natural differences from the original (for example, it was impossible to revive the collective nature of the creation of a folklore work). Romantic poets

With great pleasure, they composed works stylized as folklore, since the theme itself, the style of the composition was very close to their views. Naturally, they had to turn to historical topics, because. works of folk poetry were almost inextricably linked with history, in one form or another.

Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov" is the only one in the 19th century. successful stylization of folklore in such a voluminous epic form, moreover, in verses close to the song style of folk art.

Already in the title “Songs…” (“Song

About Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov”), we notice a folklore feature - such long and detailed names were characteristic of works of folk art. In addition, the characters are listed according to their social status, not their role in the story.

From the very first lines, we notice the vulgarity of the language of this work. One can remember at least how it begins: “Oh, you are a goy ...”, - such chants are typical for folk epics, tales. It was a traditional greeting of old Rus'.

The simplicity of the poem is manifested in the construction of speech, and in style, and vocabulary. So, for example, in the “Song ...” there is a characteristic use of synonymous words written with a hyphen: they walk, they make noise. Repetition was a favorite technique of storytellers, and we see this in another example - the use of tautology: Lermontov has such phrases as “free will”, “jokes to joke”.

The first example (“free will”), by the way, is also an example of a well-established epithet, which include “fierce death”, “young wife”, “good fellow”, “falcon eyes”, “sweet overseas wine”, “thought strong ”and many others, combined with inversion (violation of the accepted word order in a sentence, when the definition should come before the one being defined).

The red sun does not shine in the sky,

Blue clouds do not admire them:

Then at the meal he sits in a golden crown,

The Terrible Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.

In this passage, one can find both inversion and established epithets, and such a device as syntactic repetition (and with it parallelism, direct and negative).

It is also interesting how the death of Kiribeevich is described - just like the death of the traditional “good fellow”:

He fell on the cold snow

On the cold snow, like a pine,

Like a pine, in a damp forest,

Under resinous at the root, chopped.

They give the narrative a kind of ductility, the reader (or listener) conveys a sense of antiquity, enhanced by the use of outdated words, such as “between”, “opposite”, “playfully”.

In addition, in the “Song…” there is no disclosure of the inner world of the characters, they are shown, as it were, from the outside, through the eyes of an outside observer who cannot know their experiences, and is not interested in portraying them.

Nevertheless, the images in the poem are very plastic and quite easy to visualize. For example, Kalashnikov

... pulls on combat gloves,

Mighty shoulders straightens,

Yes, he strokes his curly beard.

Lermontov managed to reproduce a convincing and realistic image of ancient Rus', with its representatives, their characters, mores and customs. To do this, the author needed to introduce signs of real historical time into the narrative. In addition to describing the appearance (clothes, weapons, horse harness) of the heroes, we can also find out how, for example, Kalashnikov behaved before the battle - he silently bows to the king from the waist, ”which was an integral part of the tradition. Part of it was the pre-battle boasting and scolding.

The poem contains a real-life historical character - Ivan the Terrible. But when creating his image, folklore techniques were widely used. So, Lermontov follows the characteristic image of the king in folk tales, such as the people remember him. The poet endows Ivan Vasilievich with such a feature as sympathy: the tsar helps the enamored Kiribeevich, not knowing that the subject of his sighs is married; he promises to take care of the family of the executed Kalashnikov and carry out his execution with honors. On the other hand, these honors look, if not as a mockery, then at least simply stupid - well, why would Kalashnikov, who will be executed in a minute, see a discharged executioner?

Nevertheless, Lermontov's image of Ivan the Terrible, those features to which he drew attention, are fundamentally different from the previous images of the tsar. The only similarity can be found only with the rulers in the work of Pushkin, who wanted to see "a man on the throne."

Based on the analysis of the poem “Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov”, we can say that Lermontov managed not only to very successfully stylize his work as folklore; it seems that he did not set as his goal to copy, imitate folk speech - he simply naturally spoke this language. In addition, the presence in the narrative of real historical facts and characters, along with the folklore basis, creates the originality of this work.

While working on "The Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilievich, the young oprichnik and the daring merchant Kalashnikov," Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov studied the collection of epics by Kirsha Danilov and other folklore publications. The source of the poem can be recognized as the historical song "Kastryuk Mastryukovich", which tells about the heroic struggle of a man from the people against the guardsman Ivan the Terrible. However, Lermontov did not copy folk songs mechanically. His work is permeated with folk poetics. "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov" is a reflection and reproduction of the poet's style folk poetry- its motives, images, colors, techniques of folk song art.

The “Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” preserves the folklore vocabulary that has evolved over the centuries. This is clearly seen in the created portrait of the Russian beauty:

In holy Rus', our mother,

Do not find, do not find such a beauty:

Walks smoothly - like a swan;

Looks sweet - like a dove;

He says a word - the nightingale sings;

Her cheeks are rosy,

Like the dawn in God's heaven;

Braids are blond, golden,

In bright braided ribbons,

Running over the shoulders, squirming,

They kiss with white breasts.

Further, the text reveals not only the external beauty of Alena Dmitrievna, but also her human dignity. The work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov "The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov" was written in the traditions of folk poetry, it contains stable epithets and metaphors.

The red sun does not shine in the sky,

Blue clouds do not admire them:

Then at the meal he sits in a golden crown,

The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.

The atmosphere of the feast is recreated almost with documentary accuracy. The distrustful and formidable king is looking everywhere for sedition and treason, and when he has fun, he wants to see only joyful and happy faces.

Kiribeevich is deprived of an honorable name - he is a "busurman son", without a clan, without a tribe. It is no coincidence that Lermontov calls Kalashnikov by his first name and patronymic, and calls Kiribeevich only Kiribeevich.

A distinctive feature of Kiribeevich's nature is the desire to show off, "to show off attire", "to show one's daring". The slavish nature, the servility of Kiribeevich give rise to a desire to rule in him, he should not know refusal in anything. He chooses Alena Dmitrievna not only for her beauty: he is stung by her independence, indifference to him, the “tsarist guardsman”:

At the gate they stand at the boards

Red girls and young women,

And admire, looking, whispering,

Only one does not look, does not admire,

It closes with a striped veil ...

Why is the faithful servant Kiribeevich twisting? In love? According to the king, this is a fixable matter. All you need is an expensive shawl, and bring the ring to the girl you like, she will immediately throw herself on the neck of the royal servant. Yes, but Kiribeevich did not tell the king that he liked a married woman.

Gorgeous

In the Church of God remarried,

Married to a young merchant

According to our Christian law.

Alena Dmitrievna and Stepan Paramonovich are endowed with the best qualities: honesty, human dignity. To clear the name of his faithful wife from unfair suspicions, Kalashnikov does not even spare his own life.

The merchant challenges the offender to a fistfight. In a fair fight, he defeats Kiribeevich, but the tsar lives by his own laws. The king's court diverged from the people's court. Kalashnikov, executed by the tsar and "slandered by rumors", becomes a folk hero.

"Song about the merchant Kalashnikov" was written in a special genre. Lermontov sought to bring the poem closer to epic folklore tales. The harpists, amusing the "Song ..." "the good boyar and his white-faced boyar", play a crucial role in the structure of the poem. The reader does not hear the author's voice; in front of him is, as it were, a work of oral folk art. Moral positions, with the help of which the characters of the "Songs ..." are evaluated, are not personally authorial, but folk. This greatly enhances the triumph of truth in the work.

Page 1
THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

Option 1
“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!
Do not reproach an unworthy slave:
hot hearts do not fill with wine,
The black thought - do not regale!

And he angered you - the will of the king;

Order to execute, cut off the head,
She weighs the shoulders of the heroic,

And she herself tends to the damp earth.

And Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich said to him:
“Yes, what are you, well done, spinning about?
Is your brocade caftan frayed?
Is the sable hat crumpled?

Is your treasury running out?

Ile serrated saber tempered?
Or is the horse lame, badly forged?
Or knocked you down in a fistfight,
On the Moscow River, merchant's son?

Q 1. What is the genre of the work from which the excerpt is given?

IN 2. Who is the interlocutor of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich in the above passage?

AT 3. What caused the anger of Ivan Vasilyevich?

AT 4. What element of the composition is the feast scene?
AT 5. What does the “well done” “twist” about?

AT 6. What methods of artistic expression, characteristic of a folk song, are used by the author in the above passage?

AT 7. Find a constant epithet in the given passage.

AT 8. Give an example of inversion in the last sentence.

AT 9. What syntactic device of artistic expressiveness is used by a serrated saber, tempered, or the horse limped, poorly forged? / Or I knocked you off your feet in a fistfight, / On the Moscow River, son of a merchant?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. What syntactic device of artistic expressiveness does the author use: “Has your brocade caftan worn out? / Has your sable hat been wrinkled” / Has your treasury been spent?

C1. What are the main characters in this passage? Justify the answer.

THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
"A SONG ABOUT Tsar IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE SMART MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 2
Read the following passage of text and do the tasks:
“Where are you, wife, wife staggered?
On what courtyard, on the square,
That your hair is tousled

That your clothes are all torn~?

You were already walking, you were feasting

Tea, with the sons everything is with the boyars! ..

Not for that before the holy icons

You and I, wife, got engaged,

They changed gold rings! ..

How can I lock you behind an iron lock

Behind the oak door bound "
So that you do not see the light of God
My honest name has not been defamed ... "
And having heard that, Alena Dmitrevna
All trembled, my dove,

Shaking like an aspen leaf

She wept bitterly,

She fell at her husband's feet.

“You are my sovereign, red sun,
Either kill me or listen to me!

Your words are like a sharp knife;

Their hearts break.

I'm not afraid of cruel death,

I'm not afraid of human rumor

And I'm afraid of your disgrace."

IN 1. Who narrates in this work about all the events that take place?

IN 2. Between which characters does the above dialogue take place?

AT 3. What character is V.G. Belinsky wrote: “His first appearance on stage puts us in his favor: for some reason you feel that you are one of those resilient and heavy characters who are quiet and meek only until circumstances shake them up”?
AT 4. Which lines convey the narrator's attitude towards Alena Dmitrievna?

AT 5. What lines in the words of Alena Dmitrievna speak of her respect and love for her husband?

AT 6. Who was Alena Dmitrievna's offender?

AT 7. What is the name of the artistic device characteristic of folklore used in the “Song ...” (“red sun”, “God's light”, etc.)?

AT 8. What syntactic devices of artistic expressiveness does the author use in the lines: “ That your hair is disheveled, / that your clothes are all torn”?

AT 9. What feature of folk poetic speech was reflected in the "Song ..." in the words "dear", "sun", "father"?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Find an example of inversion in the last sentence.

C 1. How was the relationship between the husband and wife of that time reflected in the “Song ...”? Justify the answer.

C2. Is Alena Dmitrievna close to the national ideal of a woman. Justify the answer.
THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
"A SONG ABOUT Tsar IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE SMART MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 3
Read the following passage of text and do the tasks:
And Kiribeevich said to him:

“Tell me, good fellow,

What kind of tribe are you?

What name are you called?

To know for whom to serve a memorial service,
Something to brag about."
Stepan Paramonovich answers:

“And my name is Stepan Kalashnikov,

And I was born from an honest father,

And I lived according to the law of the Lord:

I did not dishonor someone else's wife,

Did not rob at dark night,

Not hidden from the light of heaven ...

And you spoke the truth:

For one of us they will sing a memorial service,

And no later than tomorrow at noon;

And one of us will boast

Feasting with distant friends...

Not to joke, not to make people laugh

I came out to you, son of a fool, -

I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!

And having heard that, Kiribeevich

Turned pale in the face, like autumn snow;
His eyes were cloudy,

Frost ran between strong shoulders,

On open lips, the word froze ...

IN 1. What characterizes Kiribeevich's behavior before the appearance of Kalashnikov?

IN 2. For what purpose does Kiribeevich enter the fight?

AT 3. Why does Kalashnikov go to battle?

AT 4. Which lines in Kalashnikov's words directly accuse Kiribeevich of dishonest behavior?

AT 5. What does Kiribeevich understand when he sees and recognizes Kalashnikov?

AT 6. How did the fistfight end?

AT 7. Find the comparison in the passage below.

AT 8. What method of artistic expressiveness, traditional for folk poetic speech, is used by the author in the lines: “Don’t joke, don’t make people laugh / I came out to you, a son of a fool, - / I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!”?

AT 9. What is the peculiarity of the epithets "dark night", "good fellow"?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Indicate the technique of artistic expressiveness in the line: "Frost ran between strong shoulders."

C1. What caused the confusion of Kiribeevich, who learned the name of his opponent? Justify the answer.

C2. What details of the duel emphasize the fact that for Kalashnikov God's will is more important than the will of the tsar? Justify the answer.

THE CREATIVITY OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

"A SONG ABOUT Tsar IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE SMART MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 3

Read the following passage of text and do the tasks:
I'll tell you, Orthodox Tsar:

I killed him at will,

And for what, about what - I will not tell you,
I will only tell God.

Order me to be executed - and carry on the chopping block

I blame the little head;

Do not leave only small children,

Don't leave the young widow

Yes, my two brothers by your grace ... "

"It's good for you, kid,
A daring fighter, a merchant's son,
That you kept the answer in good conscience.

Your young wife and your orphans

from my treasury I will please

I command your brothers from this very day

throughout the Russian kingdom wide
Trade without knowing, duty-free.

And you yourself go, kid,

To the high place of the forehead,

Lay down your wild head.

I order the ax to sharpen, sharpen,
I order the executioner to dress up, dress up,

I command you to ring the big bell,

So that all the people of Moscow know,

That you are not abandoned by my grace ... "

IN 1. How is Kalashnikov's behavior shown in a conversation with the tsar?

IN 2. Which line in Kalashnikov's words emphasizes his spiritual equality with the tsar?

AT 3. What element of the plot is Kalashnikov's conversation with the tsar?

AT 4. What character V.G. Belinsky characterized in this way: “... The look of his eyes is lightning, the sound of his speeches is heavenly thunder, his outburst of anger is death and torture ...”?

AT 5. What quality of Tsar Ivan the Terrible is emphasized by his words:

“I order the ax to be sharpened, / I order the executioner to be dressed, / I order the big bell to ring, / So that all the people of Moscow know, / That you have not been abandoned by my mercy ... "?

why Kalashnikov does not tell the tsar about the true reason

AT 6. Why doesn't Kalashnikov tell the tsar about the true reason for the murder of Kiribeevich?

AT 7. Indicate the technique of artistic expressiveness in the phrases "violent little head", "daring fighter".

AT 8. Indicate the technique of artistic expressiveness, traditional folk poetic speech: "I killed him with free will."
AT 9. Find a phraseological unit in the lines: “And you yourself go, kid, / to a high place of the frontal, / Lay down your violent little head.”

B 10. Find the inversion in the lines: “And you yourself go, kid, / to the high place of the frontal, / Lay down your violent little head.”

C1. Why does the tsar, recognizing the courage and even the correctness of Kalashnikov (“Bold fighter, son of a merchant, / ... you kept the answer in good conscience”), decides to execute him? Justify the answer.

C2. Is Kalashnikov remembered after his death? Why? Justify the answer.
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