Typical design of a brick transformer substation. Design standards for transformer substations

The design of packaged transformer substations (KTP) is a set of calculations, i.e. preliminary design of the facility and connection schemes that are necessary for the preparation and argumentation of the solutions and proposals presented in the terms of reference (TOR). It can be noted that in the absence and impossibility of developing the TOR on its own with the customer, the executing organization independently prepares this document, after agreeing on all issues with the client (customer) of the TP project.

The design of a PTS is a very complex and skill-intensive process. It should be remembered that saving on this work can lead to negative consequences, for example, such as, as a result, not quite high-quality schemes are obtained, which will certainly lead to additional difficulties during the further operation of the PTS.

This service is very popular nowadays. It is ordered by a lot of customers, for industrial facilities, to provide electricity to private, apartment buildings, etc.

The design of the PTS is (as mentioned above) - carrying out calculations, which are indicated in the terms of reference. It includes a lot of necessary documents and definitions with calculations of equipment operation modes, technical solutions and their justifications, necessary connection and laying diagrams power cables. Type, type of substation, its location (installation), proposals for electricity metering, performance indicators of the transformer substation. Also, this package of documents should include calculations for the mode of connecting substations to the central electrical network and a drawing with the connection of all the necessary safety devices, such as switches, protection devices and others.

After the design is completed in accordance with all regulatory requirements, complete transformer stations are manufactured and delivered to the construction site already assembled or in the form of modules, therefore, the above definitions are necessary when developing the KTP project. In turn, TP manufacturers determine:

• purpose and conditions under which the substation will be operated
• possible options for additional equipment and the composition of the TP
• device and principle of operation of TP
• features and mounting options
• necessary procedures in preparation for the operation of the TP and inclusion in the network
• maintenance, operating rules, safety measures

Design features

Transformer substations are divided into several main types. It is customary to divide substations into built-in and standing ones (according to installation features).

The design itself can be divided into three types:

1. TP project 35 kV. Provides for a structure of an open or closed type. The type itself will depend on the place and operating conditions of the TP, as well as on the technical specification. The number of power transformers is determined by the electrical circuit of the substation.
2. 10 kV transformer substation project. Designed for medium and low voltage substations up to 10 kV. The main necessary information for the design is data on a one-time load, voltage regulation, insulation, overvoltage protection and other information in accordance with the operating conditions of the transformer substation and its regulatory requirements.
3. 110 kV transformer substation project. This project is designed for the introduction of relatively large facilities into the electrical system, such as residential areas, small towns, or for power supply to manufacturing enterprises or industrial zones. The calculations take into account the degree of workload, operating voltage levels, etc., as the design is often supplemented by a feasibility study procedure.

Price

The cost of designing a transformer substation is calculated individually and will depend on many important factors: the type of substation, the features of its construction, any additional services, but most importantly, the complexity and total amount of work performed.

Before the beginning design of a transformer substation it is necessary to obtain technical conditions for connecting power to the grids of the electric grid company. Specifications prescribe the type of transformer substation, voltage level, connection point and power of the transformer substation. Prior to the design of the TP, it is recommended to issue a detailed technical task for the design of the TS with the customer, since the technical specifications describe only the basic requirements for the TS, but do not describe the location and design of the TS. The placement of transformer substations takes place according to the geographic basis (territory plan with engineering communications and buildings on a scale of 1: 2000) of the consumer territory. The basic rule when planting a transformer substation prescribes to locate the substation in the center of loads. The consumer must have rights to the land under the transformer substation or a land allotment for the construction of a transformer substation. The final binding is carried out according to the landscaping project with vertical marks. On the improvement project, the ways of approaching the transformer substation are marked, and this is important due to the complexity of installing heavy transformers and subsequent maintenance of transformer substations. On the vertical layout, the vertical elevation of the landing of the transformer substation is set. Without vertical planning of the territory, it may later turn out that the TS along the roof is in the ground, since the backfilling of the upper layer of the earth occurs only after all construction work has been completed. There are various types of transformer substations: block complete transformer substations BKTP, complete transformer substations KTP, outdoor complete transformer substations KTPN, kiosk-type transformer substations, mast transformer substations, cabinet-type transformer substations, etc. They differ in the type of cable entry, the number of transformers, design. Schemes of transformer substations are typical and can be adapted to the specific situation. The electrical circuit of the transformer substation is subject to change in terms of the number of low-voltage cells and low-side protection devices (fuses or circuit breakers). Transformers are selected from the range 16 25 40 63 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600 2500 kVA. The building of the transformer substation or its construction design can be selected. It is not recommended to make changes to the typical design of the TP, but in the case of an individual TP, you can choose based on your preferences and monetary costs. Typically, the TP building is made of concrete panels, sandwich panels, monolith or sheet iron. Design standards for transformer substations oblige to make a thorough grounding of the transformer substation, since the ground conductor comes from the transformer substation to the input low-voltage device and can be used to ground the electrical installation.

© All materials are protected by copyright law of the Russian Federation and the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Full copying is prohibited without the permission of the administration of the resource. Partial copying is allowed with a direct link to the source. The author of the article: a team of engineers of JSC Energetik LTD