Nature pollution for children. Types, sources and causes of environmental pollution

The fact that we need to consume and recycle less garbage, that we need to save nature, has been talked about more and more lately. This topic was even raised in a recent speech by Pope Francis. However, no matter how much people heed this advice, the damage to our planet has already been done, and the damage is huge.

1. Garbage from electronics from around the world is taken to Ghana, where the local population takes it apart for valuable parts and burns the rest

2. Mexico City is one of the most populous cities in the Western Hemisphere

3. In the Eastern Hemisphere, New Delhi has the same problem, with a population of about 25 million people.

4. Los Angeles is famous for having more cars than people.

5. Oil field in California

Two organizations - The Foundation for Deep Ecology and the Population Media Center - released a series of photographs that illustrate the shocking consequences of human consumption of natural resources, as well as environmental pollution. " This is what primarily worries people, and at the same time, what is not talked about in the top news of the press.," explains Missy Thurston, co-director of the Population Media Center.

6. Once an old forest was completely cut down in Oregon

7. Coal-fired power plant in the UK

8. Due to global warming, the environment is changing dramatically and irrevocably

9. The world's largest diamond quarry

10. Burning the Amazon jungle to create fields for cattle grazing

In everyday life, it's hard to predict the consequences of our usual choices - whether it's a plastic bottle of water at the supermarket or another TV or computer. However, if we consider that the world's population is almost 7.5 billion people, and each of them, on average, throws out 2 kg of garbage every day (these data have changed by almost 60% since 1960), then it becomes obvious that the problem is really very, very is important and should be addressed by all together.

11. Tar sands and open pit mines cover so much territory that they can be seen from space

12. Nevada tire dump

13. Vancouver Island, once covered in coniferous forests

14. Industrial agriculture in Spain, stretching for many kilometers

15. Tar sands in Canada

In September 2015, world leaders will gather to discuss the human development challenges that need to be addressed before 2030. In December, a meeting of the United Nations is to take place in Paris, at which restrictions on environmental pollution will be set. Much depends on influential people who will solve global problems, but no less depends on the ordinary person, who has every opportunity to help nature by his own example.

Environmental pollution is a global problem of our time, which is regularly discussed in the news and scientific circles. Many international organizations have been created to combat the deterioration of natural conditions. Scientists have long sounded the alarm about the inevitability of an environmental catastrophe in the very near future.

At the moment, much is known about environmental pollution - a large number of scientific papers and books have been written, numerous studies have been carried out. But in solving the problem, mankind has advanced very little. Pollution of nature still remains an important and urgent issue, the postponement of which can be tragic.

History of biosphere pollution

In connection with the intensive industrialization of society, environmental pollution has become especially aggravated in recent decades. However, despite this fact, natural pollution is one of the most ancient problems in human history. Even in the era of primitive life, people began to barbarously destroy forests, exterminate animals and change the landscape of the earth to expand the territory of residence and obtain valuable resources.

Even then, this led to climate change and other environmental problems. The growth of the planet's population and the progress of civilizations was accompanied by increased mining, drainage of water bodies, as well as chemical pollution of the biosphere. The Industrial Revolution marked not only a new era in society, but also a new wave of pollution.

With the development of science and technology, scientists have received tools that make it possible to accurately and detailed analysis ecological state of the planet. Weather reports, monitoring of the chemical composition of air, water and soil, satellite data, as well as smoking pipes everywhere and oil slicks on the water, indicate that the problem is rapidly aggravating with the expansion of the technosphere. No wonder the appearance of man is called the main ecological catastrophe.

Classification of nature pollution

There are several classifications of environmental pollution based on their source, direction, and other factors.

So, the following types of environmental pollution are distinguished:

• Biological - the source of pollution is living organisms, it can occur due to natural causes or as a result of anthropogenic activities.
• Physical - leads to a change in the corresponding characteristics of the environment. Physical pollution includes thermal, radiation, noise and others.
• Chemical - an increase in the content of substances or their penetration into the environment. Leads to a change in the normal chemical composition of resources.
• Mechanical - pollution of the biosphere with garbage.

In fact, one type of pollution may be accompanied by another or several at once.

The gaseous shell of the planet is an integral participant in natural processes, determines the thermal background and climate of the Earth, protects against harmful cosmic radiation, and affects relief formation.

The composition of the atmosphere has changed throughout the historical development of the planet. The current situation is such that part of the volume of the gas envelope is determined by human economic activity. The composition of the air is heterogeneous and differs depending on the geographical location - in industrial areas and large cities, a high level of harmful impurities.

The main sources of chemical pollution of the atmosphere:

• chemical plants;
• enterprises of the fuel and energy complex;
• transport.

These pollutants cause heavy metals such as lead, mercury, chromium, and copper to be present in the atmosphere. They are permanent components of the air in industrial areas.

Modern power plants emit hundreds of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every day, as well as soot, dust and ash.

The increase in the number of cars in settlements has led to an increase in the concentration of a number of harmful gases in the air, which are part of the engine exhaust. Anti-knock additives added to vehicle fuels release large amounts of lead. Cars produce dust and ash, which pollute not only the air, but also the soil, settling on the ground.

The atmosphere is also polluted by very toxic gases emitted by the chemical industry. Wastes from chemical plants, such as nitrogen and sulfur oxides, are the cause of acid rain and are capable of reacting with biosphere components to form other hazardous derivatives.

As a result of human activities, forest fires regularly occur, during which huge amounts of carbon dioxide are released.

Soil is a thin layer of the lithosphere, formed as a result of natural factors, in which most of the exchange processes between living and non-living systems take place.

Due to the extraction of natural resources, mining, the construction of buildings, roads and airfields, large-scale areas of soil are being destroyed.

Irrational human economic activity has caused the degradation of the fertile layer of the earth. Its natural chemical composition changes, mechanical pollution occurs. The intensive development of agriculture leads to significant losses of land. Frequent plowing makes them vulnerable to flooding, salinization and winds, which cause soil erosion.

The abundant use of fertilizers, insecticides, and chemical poisons to kill pests and clear weeds leads to the ingress of toxic compounds that are unnatural for it into the soil. As a result of anthropogenic activity, chemical pollution of lands by heavy metals and their derivatives occurs. The main harmful element is lead, as well as its compounds. When processing lead ores, about 30 kilograms of metal is thrown out from each ton. Automobile exhaust containing a large amount of this metal settles in the soil, poisoning the organisms living in it. Drains of liquid waste from mines contaminate the earth with zinc, copper and other metals.

Power plants, radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions, research centers for the study of atomic energy cause radioactive isotopes to enter the soil, which then enter the human body with food.

The reserves of metals concentrated in the bowels of the earth are dissipated as a result of human production activity. Then they concentrate in the topsoil. In ancient times, man used 18 elements from the earth's crust, and today - all known.

Today, the water shell of the earth is much more polluted than one can imagine. Oil slicks and bottles floating on the surface are just what you can see. A significant part of the pollutants is in a dissolved state.

Water damage can occur naturally. As a result of mudflows and floods, magnesium is washed out of the mainland soil, which enters water bodies and harms fish. As a result of chemical transformations, aluminum penetrates into fresh water. But natural pollution is negligible compared to anthropogenic pollution. Through the fault of man, the following fall into the water:

• surface-active compounds;
• pesticides;
• phosphates, nitrates and other salts;
• medicines;
• oil products;
• radioactive isotopes.

The sources of these pollutants are farms, fisheries, oil platforms, power plants, chemical industries, and sewage.

Acid rain, which is also the result of human activity, dissolves the soil, washing away heavy metals.

In addition to chemical pollution of water, there is physical, namely thermal. Most of the water is used in the production of electricity. Thermal stations use it to cool turbines, and the heated waste liquid is drained into reservoirs.

Mechanical deterioration of water quality by household waste in settlements leads to a reduction in the habitats of living beings. Some species are dying.

Polluted water is the main cause of most diseases. As a result of liquid poisoning, many living beings die, the ocean ecosystem suffers, and the normal course of natural processes is disturbed. Pollutants eventually enter the human body.

Pollution control

In order to avoid an ecological catastrophe, the fight against physical pollution must be a top priority. The problem must be solved at the international level, because nature has no state borders. To prevent pollution, it is necessary to impose sanctions on enterprises that emit waste into the environment, to impose large fines for placing garbage in the wrong place. Incentives to comply with environmental safety standards can also be implemented through financial methods. This approach has proven effective in some countries.

A promising direction in the fight against pollution is the use of alternative energy sources. The use of solar panels, hydrogen fuel and other energy-saving technologies will reduce the release of toxic compounds into the atmosphere.

Other pollution control methods include:

• construction of treatment facilities;
• creation of national parks and reserves;
• increase in the number of green spaces;
• population control in third world countries;
• drawing public attention to the problem.

Environmental pollution is a large-scale global problem, which can be solved only with the active participation of everyone who calls the planet Earth their home, otherwise an ecological catastrophe will be inevitable.

Man is called the main and only cause of environmental pollution. It would seem that nature has created an intelligent two-legged creature that could support and protect it. But something went wrong.

Today, conscious people around the world are sounding the alarm, because the pollution of the planet is growing at a terrifying pace. If we do not change anything, then we will leave our grandchildren not a beautiful "blue planet", but a lifeless dump.

And today we will discuss. In this case, we will talk about such a seemingly harmless thing as a plastic bag. Yes, the same bags with which we see thousands of people on the streets every day.

nature pollution

Plastic bags became popular in the US only a couple of decades ago. Buyers quickly appreciated the convenience of the new material and "plastic" firmly entered the everyday life. Plastic bags seemed like a revolution - strong, convenient, cheap. Only years later it became clear what huge harm they cause to the environment.

The fact is that discarded used bags do not decompose for more than 100-150 years. In other words, the very first plastic bags, released in the 50s, have not decomposed even by half. It is not surprising that many places and bodies of water on the planet have turned into real plastic dumps.

Scientists say that every year humanity uses about 4 trillion plastic bags. All this huge mass gets into the ecosystem and destroys it. Plastic bags kill more than 1 million birds, 100,000 marine mammals and countless fish every year.

About 6.5 million tons of garbage enters the oceans every year, most of which is plastic waste. The marine research organization Algalita says that about a quarter of the water surface is already covered with floating plastic waste.

Such a frightening circumstance cannot but cause concern, therefore, in many countries they are already seriously restricting and even prohibiting the use of plastic bags in everyday life, offering instead of them more eco-friendly analogues: Durable cloth bags or paper bags (which decompose in a couple of weeks).

How plastic waste is dealt with in different countries

Since October 1, the use of plastic bags with a thickness of less than 15 microns has been limited in Georgia. Each company was required to put its name and logo on the package produced.

But from April 1, 2019, a law came into force, according to which plastic bags were completely banned. Moreover, you can neither produce, nor sell, nor distribute them for free. All containers that are not subject to biodegradation are now outlawed.

For the use of plastic bags in Georgia today there is a fine of 500 lari (about 200 dollars). For repeated violations, the penalty is doubled.

I am glad that the majority of ordinary citizens support such an initiative of the government and deliberately sacrifice their comfort in order to stop environmental pollution.

Perhaps we should stop inventing a second life and stop using

The presentation "Environmental Conversations with Preschoolers. Pollution in the Environment" is aimed at shaping children's environmental consciousness. I recommend using it at various events with environmental content.

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Slides captions:

Ecological conversations with preschoolers POLLUTION IN THE ENVIRONMENT

Tree, grass and bird do not always know how to defend themselves.

If they are destroyed, we will be alone on the planet!

Animal burrows, bird's nest

We will never break! Let the chicks and little Animals have a good life next to us!

Beautiful, beautiful native land. I will never find more beautiful!

Green valleys, forests and fields

And blue water in the sea!

People lived on the planet

Mothers, fathers and their children.

Throw people on a piece of paper, the planet will become a mess.

Exhaust fumes from vehicles cause great harm to the environment.

The more cars, the more exhaust gas in the air

In many cities, people are forced to wear masks in order not to suffocate from the smog.

The smoke in enterprises is also a harm to the whole environment.

Industrial waste is littering our planet

Industrial wastes pollute water bodies

You can’t swim in such a river, it is polluted

Garbage and dirt lead to the death of its inhabitants

Fish are dying in polluted water.

People in these organizations are trying to clean up the environment with the help of special cleaning devices.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! PEOPLE! PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT! Pictures using Internet resources, thanks to the authors.

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When you think about the many environmental problems facing the modern world, what ways of solving them come to your mind? Perhaps you're thinking about the latest warnings from scientists about global warming, endangered animal and plant species, deforestation, or air and water pollution. Of course, the list of environmental threats is endless, and your children have no doubt already learned about many of them at home or at school.

For many adults, it can be intimidating to study scientific data detailing the state of environmental conservation. How to teach your children the importance of caring for the environment and not put into them the idea of ​​the inevitable end of the world and universal catastrophe? To begin, encourage your children to look at what your family and friends can do to protect the environment. If you help your children take care of environmental protection from a very early age, they will be able to see that their actions actually make a difference, and if they act together with other people, they can play an important role in changing and improving the whole world.

This article provides simple, easy-to-do activities for kids to incorporate into your daily schedule that will help them manage their environment responsibly.

save water

Did you know that one person consumes, on average, about 200 liters of water per day? You might guess that people use more water in the bathroom than in any other room in the house, or that a dripping faucet can spill up to 7,500 liters of water a year. But while you are most likely aware of these statistics, your children probably have no idea how much water is wasted every day.

How to teach children to save our water resources? Consider the following suggestions:

1. when brushing your teeth, washing your face or washing your hands, turn off the water, and do not pour it constantly;
2. make it a rule to reduce the time spent in the shower (use a timer if necessary);
3. if it is the children's turn to do the dishes, don't let them pour water all the time when they are soaping or rinsing the dishes;
4. if you ask children to mop garden paths, give them a mop, not a hose;
5. have your children water the plants early in the morning in spring and summer to avoid evaporation and therefore use less water;
6. do not throw garbage into the toilet, because in this case you have to drain the water every time.

Waste recycling

In all likelihood, your bins are much lighter now than they were a few years ago. Today, recycling bins are already in many cities, and most homes also have garbage cans with such waste, which are taken away by special cars once a week.

Your children may also have taken part in school recycling programs and World Environment Day (celebrated annually around the world on June 5), which promote environmental protection. Maybe they even help their family collect and recycle aluminum cans and plastic bottles and get paid for it. Since recycling has become so widespread in recent years, what else can be done to reduce environmental pollution?

Reduce Waste

Perhaps the simplest thing your family can do in the first place is to reduce the amount of garbage you produce. Because the handful of garbage that each individual produces adds up to huge mountains of universal garbage, and reducing the amount of your personal garbage can have a significant impact on the environment. The following ideas will help you:

1. save paper, write letters and do homework on both sides of the sheet;
2. make a stack of note paper that your kids can use for their drafts - it helps to use the paper twice;
3. when preparing dinner, use reusable dishes;
4. encourage children to use reusable containers rather than plastic bags, wrapping paper or aluminum foil;
5. put clipped grass, leaves and food scraps in your garden compost pit instead of throwing them out with the garbage, which will also reduce the amount of garbage sent to city landfills;
6. buy things made from recycled paper and other recycled materials;
7. show your children how much packaging material is wasted when you buy individually wrapped items, instead of taking large packages and then portioning your purchases into reusable containers;
8. buy rechargeable batteries and other devices that are ultimately less harmful to the environment and last much longer than conventional batteries;
9. if you're in a store and you're shopping for something small, put it in your pocket, purse, or other shopping bag instead of asking for a separate bag for it;
10. Bring along a reusable shopping bag that your family can use for weeks on end, or just a shopping bag.

Reuse of old things

Old unwanted clothes, toys, or household items can get a second or even third life if they are misused. For example, an old tire can make a great garden bed, and torn clothes can be used as a rag. Parts of broken toys can be given new life as craft material. You can also donate a still useful item to a charitable society.

Recycling outside the home

Many people carefully collect garbage at home and completely forget about it outside of it. For example, what do you do with empty plastic bottles and soda cans? Do you dispose of them in a recycling bin if there is one nearby? Or just send it to the trash?

Remind your children that all they need to do is make sure the jar or bottle is empty, put it in their backpack, and then throw it in the recycling bin at home. You can also consult with the administration of gardens and parks in your city if it is possible to place such containers in areas of heavy urban traffic. Some gardens and parks and beaches already have special containers for plastic bottles and metal cans.

Reducing air pollution, slowing down global warming

If your kids are in middle or high school, they may have already been taught about global warming in class. While it may seem like only governments and big businesses can do anything to reduce emissions, there are some things you and your family can do, not to mention that it will help you at the same time. and save money. For example, you could offer your children the following:

1. If you need to get somewhere, walk, bike, or take a bus instead of driving. Maybe you live close enough to the school that your kids can walk to it? Can you arrange with neighbors to take turns delivering children by car? Can your kids go to a friend's house on foot or by bike instead of using a car?
2. Save electricity (turn off the TV, lights, radio and other electrical appliances when not in use).
3. Help conserve energy and raw materials by recycling, reusing and reducing the amount of food consumed.
4. Plant trees and other plants to help absorb excess carbon dioxide (they also provide shade and wind protection, which helps keep houses more or less at a constant temperature and therefore reduce energy costs for heating or cooling them).

Less effort - more results

Our small daily actions in a variety of ways can have a significant positive impact on the environment. To get your kids thinking about the environment all the time, let them see everything you do to protect it day in and day out and explain why you're doing it. For example, children may not understand why using energy saving lamps or a mechanical lawnmower is better for the environment until you explain it to them. Show your children that you don't litter and explain the impact pollution has on the environment. Do not throw away unnecessary things, but give them to charities. Stay up to date on conservation projects in your area, and you might be able to plant a tree or clean up trash at a local park with your kids.