Design of technical specifications for the development of the project. Development of technical specifications for design

An obligatory stage of cooperation between the customer and the design organization is development terms of reference . A well-written technical specification is half the success of design. The terms of reference should be as detailed and detailed as possible - only this approach ensures complete mutual understanding between the customer and. In order for the design to be carried out without hitches, time delays and technical problems, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to drawing up the technical specifications.

Basic principles for developing technical specifications

The customer does not always have the special knowledge to competently draw up technical specifications. Therefore, this document is being developed jointly by the customer and engineers. Leading specialists from the design organization take part in the development of tasks for complex objects. The main task of technical specialists is to professionally “filter” abstract ideas and determine which ideas can be technically implemented. Engineers provide the customer with preliminary information about the difference in design time for simple and complex ideas. Technical specialists analyze the initial data and find a balance between the customer’s requirements and factors such as the reliability of the object, the complexity of the design, and the cost of construction. Competent communication between the customer and engineers allows us to find the “golden mean” in all significant parameters and ensure the profitability of the facility.

Source documents for developing technical specifications

To obtain a complete picture, the customer must provide the design organization with the maximum set of source documentation. A short list of source documents:

• approved engineering survey plans;
• decision of the executive authority to approve the construction site;
• site plan indicating communication connection points;
• technical conditions for connecting networks;
• architectural and planning task;
• a list of unique requirements for the object.

Procedure for developing technical specifications

To draw up technical specifications for design, the customer contacts specialists from the design organization for a preliminary discussion of the concept. Brief customer requirements are drawn up in the form of a questionnaire or formulated in any form. The main parameters that are determined at the very first stage of drawing up the technical specifications: area, number of storeys, shape of the building, type of facades, materials used, individual characteristics of the object. These parameters are included in the architectural and planning design assignment.

Having received the initial information, technical specialists provide recommendations for optimizing the building structure and its main parameters. After agreeing on all the nuances, the finished technical specification is drawn up as a separate document and sent for approval. Only after the technical specifications are signed by the customer and the contractor, the design organization proceeds directly to the design. The assignment is part of a legal agreement (contract or agreement) for the performance of project work.

Approximate composition of a design assignment

Common data.

• Type of construction and basis for design.
• Full name of the customer and contractor organizations.
• Scope and stages of design work.
• Stages of construction.
• Category of object complexity.
• List of special conditions for construction and operation of the facility.
• Design and construction timeframes.
• Initial documentation for design.

Design requirements.

• Data on the land plot, planning restrictions, landscaping, soil type, location of groundwater and green spaces.
• Technical and economic indicators of the facility (productivity, power, throughput and other indicators depending on the specifics of the building).
• For manufacturing enterprises - requirements for technology and operating mode.
• Requirements for the layout of an object on a land plot.
• Requirements for planning and architectural solutions (number of floors, area, decoration, facades, materials, architectural style, colors, etc.).
• Requirements for structural solutions (foundations, floors, walls, stairs, roofing, partitions, etc.).
• Requirements for external and internal engineering networks (heat supply, water supply, communications, electricity supply, drainage, lighting, ventilation, alarm system).
• Requirements for infrastructure and landscape design of the adjacent territory.
• Requirements for ensuring the energy efficiency of a building.
• Requirements regarding the need for future expansion of the facility.

Additional instructions. This section may include unique customer requirements - for example, the need to prepare demonstration materials and the number of copies of project documentation.

The PNProject company guarantees high-quality execution of design work, subject to detailed development of the technical specifications. The task should be free of controversial issues; every technical detail should be clearly formulated without the risk of double understanding. The terms of reference have legal force, so its preparation should be approached professionally and carefully. In this case, it is much better to spend more time developing technical specifications than to rush and later reap the unpleasant “fruits” of an unprofessional approach. Therefore, when collaborating with customers, we insist on a clear, in-depth and detailed study of the source data and high-quality development of the technical specifications.

This is one of the most critical design stages, which largely determines the effectiveness of development. Development of technical specifications is not a formal procedure, since it is clarified during the entire development period of the product.

Before starting development, you must do the following:

1. formulate a task;
2. develop requirements for a product with restrictions.

Formulation of the task. Whenever setting a problem, you need to answer three main questions:

• What purpose should the designed product serve?
• What circumstances, requirements and restrictions must be taken into account?
• what is the sequence of actions leading to the fulfillment of these requirements, and how does the development end? The problem statement is expressed in
• verbal form.

Development of technical requirements with restrictions. It is very important to indicate whether this indicator is a requirement or a wish that can not be fulfilled, but be guided, for example, when evaluating options. Requirements can be of the following types:

1. rigid, in which the parameter value is maintained rigidly (vehicle power, automatic line productivity, etc.);
2. rigid, limited in range, not allowing going beyond certain boundaries (productivity 10... 12 pcs./h, etc.);
3. targeted with and without restrictions. The degree to which these requirements are met can serve as a measure for evaluating the option (for example, the force applied to the handle is less than 0.5 N), i.e. target requirements can be met to varying degrees;
4. optional (wishes). They may or may not be included in the requirements.

Key indicators should cover all the most important aspects of the product and be, if possible, independent of one another. They can be hierarchically divided into several stages (of varying importance) and relate to various aspects (economic, technical, etc.); It is advisable to evaluate indicators quantitatively, but it is also possible to evaluate them qualitatively (better, worse), which is important when evaluating options.

Composition of requirements. Depending on the purpose of the product, the requirements may include various characteristics (from size to disposal methods):

• geometry (dimensions, numbers, etc.);
• kinematics (type and direction of movement, speed, acceleration);
• force (value and direction, loading frequency, deformation, rigidity);
• energy (power, K11D, friction, ventilation, state parameters such as pressure, temperature, humidity, incoming energy, etc.);
• material (physical and chemical properties of the main, auxiliary and recommended material);
• signal (type of indicators, input and output signals, signal shapes, controlling and transmitting devices);
• safety (protective systems, safety precautions, environment);
• ergonomics (man-machine relationship, taking into account human physiological capabilities, service conditions);
• manufacturing (manufacturing conditions, quality, limited space);
• control (possibility of control, special instructions); installation (installation conditions, assembly, foundation);
• transportation (size restrictions, carrying capacity of vehicles and lifting equipment, delivery conditions);
• use (noise levels, wear, operating conditions), maintenance (adjustment, painting, lubrication, inspection);
• recycling (reuse, destruction, reuse);
• price (allowable production costs, tool costs, depreciation and investment);
• deadline (completion of development, network planning, delivery time).

Exemplary composition of technical specifications mechanical engineering products.

1. Name and scope of application.

2. Basis for development.

3. Purpose and purpose of the development.

4. Sources of development.

5. Technical requirements.

5.1. Product composition.

5.2. Destination indicators.

5.3. Reliability requirements.

5.4. Requirements for manufacturability.

5.5. Requirements for the level of unification and standardization.

5.6. Security requirements

5.7. Requirements for aesthetics and ergonomics.

5.8. Requirements for patent purity.

5.9. Requirements for product components, raw materials, starting and operating materials.

5.10. Terms of Use.

5.11. Requirements for labeling and packaging.

5.12. Requirements for transportation and storage.

5.13. Additional requirements.

6. Economic indicators.

7. Stages and stages of development.

8. Procedure for control and acceptance.

The technical specifications largely cover the statement of the problem and the basic requirements for the product being developed.

The requirements development procedure is as follows.

1. A thorough analysis of competing products is carried out to identify strengths and weaknesses.
2. The customer’s technical specifications, the results of specialist discussions, data obtained from various sources, and common sense are taken into account.
3. Existing experience is used.

The most important requirements (this is only part of the technical specifications, which are much wider) for a jack may look like this.

1. Must be operated by a person.
2. Work in all weather conditions, except extreme ones.
3. It is advisable to ensure the possibility of use on sandy soil.
4. Weight no more than 5 kg.
5. The source of energy is man.
6. The maximum force applied by a person is less than 100 N.
7. The developed force is more than 5000 N.
8. The distance between the supporting and lifting platforms is no more than 100 mm.
9. The largest size when assembled is 500 mm.
10. Production volume is 10 thousand per year.
11. The price is 10% lower than the current one.
12. It is advisable to use a corrosion-resistant material for the main parts.
13. Avoid damage to the chassis and protective coating.
14. Desired service life is 20 years.
15. The amount of lift in one movement (one swing) is 1 mm.
16. Lowering speed 2 mm/s.
17. Use when repairing standard car keys.
18. Lubricate with grease (the type of lubricant may be specified) once a year. Restrictions on dimensions in working condition, storage locations (garage, car), etc. can also be established.

The development of the initial basic requirements for a product is a very important stage of design, as it serves to further clarify, clarify and detail the task at hand, is used and supplemented throughout the entire design process (at any stage) and can form the basis for the optimization of design solutions.

Before the start of any design, the purpose and scope of the designed device must be determined between the Project Customer and its Developer, and all its technical (tactical and technical) characteristics must be fully agreed upon. For this purpose, a special document is being developed - Technical task for the design of this device or system.

In the future, for the Developer, the Technical Specification is the primary, fundamental document that guides all stages of project development.

Development of Terms of Reference is a very important and responsible process. Mistakes made at this stage of development can lead to very serious consequences.

As a rule, the development of the Technical Specifications is carried out jointly by representatives of the Customer and the Designer. The technical specifications require great erudition and experience from the developers. Therefore, the terms of reference are drawn up by leading, most qualified specialists with significant experience in this field.

The terms of reference determine the main directions of development - the design and operating principle of the future product (device, system).

The technical specification is the initial stage of work and is drawn up for all developments and types of work necessary to create a new product. The terms of reference may also include, as one of the sections, carrying out

Research works,

Development work,

Development of automation equipment, individual components and systems, technology, measuring instruments, control equipment, safety equipment, etc.

The Customer's responsibility is to provide the developer with reliable initial data for product development. The customer is responsible for the requirements for the new product and the initial data and bears full responsibility for the correctness of the information provided.

The terms of reference should contain three main sections:

1. technical and economic requirements for products that determine their consumer properties and effectiveness of use,

2. list of documents requiring joint consideration by the Customer and Developer,

3. procedure for delivery and acceptance of development results.

If necessary, the technical specification may also contain requirements for the preparation and development of production.

The specific content of the technical specification is determined by the Customer and the Developer, and in case of proactive development - by the Developer.

If the Customer has individual requirements for the products being developed that differ from the requirements of the standards, but do not reduce the effectiveness of using the products under the specified conditions, he should obtain an opinion from the State Standard of the Russian Federation on the possibility of developing and manufacturing these products.

It is not allowed to include in the terms of reference requirements that contradict the requirements of the standards and regulatory documents of the bodies supervising safety, health and environmental protection.

The terms of reference should contain as much information as possible to facilitate the designer’s work and reduce development time.

The quality of the Terms of Reference is ensured by the volume and completeness of the collection of materials necessary for development. The following materials are used in development:

Scientific and technical information,

Patent information,

Characteristics of the sales market,

Characteristics of the production where the product will be manufactured (technological equipment, personnel qualifications, level of labor organization, etc.).

The Terms of Reference, as a rule, establish the following indicators of the product being developed:

Predicted indicators of technical level and quality,

Main purpose

Characteristics of the sales market,

Technical and performance characteristics,

Level of standardization and unification,

Technical and economic indicators

Patent legal indicators,

Special requirements for the product, etc.

The terms of reference are developed and approved in the manner established by the Customer and the Developer.

The general procedure for the development and approval of technical specifications is established by the State Standard of Russia GOST 15.001-88

The terms of reference stipulate the stages of development and the timing of each stage and the development as a whole.

The technical specifications are drawn up in accordance with the general requirements for text design documents in accordance with the State Standard GOST 2.105-95.

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