The Vorobievs are an ancient Moscow boyar family and ancient (ancient) Russian noble families. On the origin of Russian noble families from ancient Prussia

The origin of the ancient boyar family and its appearance in the Grand Duchy of Moscow has not yet been fully clarified. One of the representatives of the family in the middle of the 14th century was the Moscow boyar Yuri Vorobyov, noted in several chronicles of Ancient Rus'. Yuri Vorobyov was sent by the Grand Prince of Moscow Simeon the Proud to Constantinople to approve the candidacy of St. Alexy for the post of Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus', and was also one of the patrimonial owners of the ancient village of Vorobyov near Moscow, now known as Vorobyovy Gory. The family arrived in Moscow, obviously, from Veliky Novgorod during the reign of Alexander Nevsky or Daniil of Moscow, along with other eminent and noble Novgorod boyar families. It can be stated with fairly great confidence that the probable ancestor of the ancient boyar family of the Vorobyovs could have been the baptist of Veliky Novgorod, the Novgorod mayor of the 10th century, Vorobey Stoyanovich, from whose name the family inherited its surname, although there is no documentary evidence of this to date.

Many representatives of the ancient Moscow boyar family served as boyars, Moscow nobles, tenants, governors, ambassadors and clerks.

Famous representatives of the Moscow boyar family

• Vorobyov Yuri- Moscow boyar, ambassador of Grand Duke Simeon the Proud to Constantinople to the Byzantine Emperor and Patriarch of Constantinople (1352-1353) to approve the candidacy of St. Alexis for the post of Metropolitan of Moscow and All Rus'. The patrimony of the Vorobyovo village near Moscow (now the famous Moscow Vorobyovy Gory), which belonged to the ancient boyar family of the Vorobyovs, which later became the property of the grand ducal family in the 15th century.

• Vorobyov Maxim Gavrilovich- boyar, patrimonial patrimony of Veliky Novgorod after the annexation of Novgorod lands by Grand Duke Ivan III Vasilyevich to Moscow (1495-1496).

• Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich(Shemet) - boyar, clerk of Grand Duke Vasily III from March 1532 (clerk from 1514) and Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible. As part of the Russian embassy, ​​he participated in the ratification of the treaty with the Teutonic Order (1517). In January 1526, by order of Vasily III, he was appointed to guard the stairs of the Western Chambers of the palace during the marriage of the Grand Duke to Elena Glinskaya. Ambassador of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible to Volokhi, in March 1542, clerk at the meeting of the Lithuanian ambassador.

• Vorobyov Dionisy Shemetovich- Moscow nobleman, son of boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet). In 1550, he was included by Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible among the chosen thousand nobles as a Moscow boyar son.

• Vorobyov Vasily Alexandrovich(born May 30, 1563) - lord's boyar, clerk (since 1526) and closest associate of Metropolitan Macarius. Brother of boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet). He was buried in the Epiphany Monastery in Moscow.

• Vorobyov Simeon Alexandrovich- Vladychny boyar, clerk of Metropolitan Macarius. Brother of boyar Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrovich (Shemet).

• Vorobyov Andrey- guardsman of Tsar Ivan IV the Terrible (1573).

• Vorobyov Nikita Dmitrievich- voivode of Belsky (1618-1619) and Oskolsky (1621). On September 3, 1618, for the “Belsky seat”, together with Prince Boris Khilkov, he was awarded by Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich a fur coat, a cup and a ladle in the Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin.

• Vorobyov Ivan Dmitrievich- Voivode of Bryansk (1618-1619).

• Vorobyov Ivan- Arzam siege head (1635). In a petition addressed to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, he asks that a letter confirming his authority be sent by a messenger from Moscow to the newly appointed Arzamas governor. On back side I. Vorobyov’s petition contains the Tsar’s resolution: “Give a certificate.” The sovereign's letter was sent to the Arzamas governor in April 1635, in which it is written: "... and when our letter comes to you, you would order Ivan Vorobyov to continue to be in the siege heads of our business in Arzamas."

• Vorobyov Nikita- a resident in Moscow, the son of a boyar, in 1638 he had a courtyard on Ilyinka in China - the city of Moscow.

• Vorobyov Ermolai Antonovich- clerk of the Reitarsky (1656), Judicial (1665), Printing (1674) and Great Treasury Prikaz (1676). In July 1656, “I was at a meeting of the Tsar’s ambassadors in Polotsk with the sovereign.” Also clerk of Veliky Novgorod (1671-1672, 1677-1681).

Known possessions of the Moscow boyar family

Vorobyovo (Moscow)

Main articles: Vorobyovo (Moscow), Vorobyov, Yuri (Moscow boyar)

Vorobyovo is the former ancestral patrimony of the Vorobyovy boyars from the beginning of the 14th to the mid-15th centuries, located in the southwest of modern Moscow, on the Vorobyovy Gory and bearing their name. From the middle of the 15th century, the village of Vorobyovo became the property of the grand-ducal family and became a favorite vacation spot for the great princes and kings of Moscow, a grand-ducal and royal summer residence, but retained the name of its first owners, the boyars Vorobyovo, until the middle of the 20th century.

Vorobyovo (Moscow region)

Main article: Vorobyovo (estate)

Vorobyovo is the former ancestral patrimony of the Vorobyov boyars on the top of a sloping hill near the bank of the Rozhay River in what is now the Podolsk district of the Moscow region.

Just like the royal residence, the village of Vorobyovo has its name after the original owners of the boyars, the Vorobyovs, which later became the property of other noble families from the 17th century: the Zinovievs, Tatishchevs, Ershovs, although it retained its original name.

Noble families of the Vorobyovs in the 17th - 20th centuries

Five ancient (ancient) Russian noble families:

1) from Semyon Fedorovich Vorobyov and his son Kalina, who laid out the estate in 1673; their offspring are recorded in part VI of the genealogical book of the Tver province. - 2) from Ivan Melentyevich Vorobyov, granted an estate and salary in 1652; recorded in part VI of the genealogical book of the Kursk province. — 3) From Kostroma resident Semyon Vasilyevich Vorobyov (1662). Recorded in part VI of the genealogy book of the Kostroma province. - 4) From the reiter Ivan Ivanovich Vorobyov, who laid out the estate in 1690, and 5) from Dmitry and Nikita Alekseevich Vorobyov (1670); recorded in part VI of the genealogy book of the Vologda province. The last three families, due to insufficient evidence presented, were not approved by Heraldry among the ancient nobility. There are also a number of Vorobyov noble families of later origin (II and III parts of the genealogical book).

At the moment, we can say with complete confidence that the Tver and Kursk nobles were descendants of the ancient Moscow boyar family, since their representatives are included in the Boyar Books, as well as the Kostroma Books. There are currently no such data for other genera.

The Vorobyov nobles are included in the Genealogical books of the Astrakhan, Vilna, Don Army Region, Vologda, Ekaterinoslav, Kostroma, Kursk, Moscow, Novgorod, Orenburg, Oryol, St. Petersburg, Saratov, Simbirsk, Smolensk, Tver, Kherson and Yaroslavl provinces of the Russian Empire.

Description of the coats of arms

• The coat of arms was granted to Grigory Vorobyov, major, and Ivan Vorobyov, second lieutenant

The coat of arms of the Vorobyovs is included in Part 3 of the Collection of diploma coats of arms of the Russian Nobility, not included in the General Armorial Book, page 64. In the upper small part of the shield, a golden hexagonal star is depicted in a blue field. In the lower spatial part, in a red field, there are two golden hexagonal stars and between them, on a silver field, three city walls are indicated horizontally, on which there is a saber with the pointed point facing upward. The shield is topped with a noble helmet and a crown with three ostrich feathers. The shield cover is blue, lined with gold.

• The coat of arms was granted to Yegor Vorobyov, Lieutenant Colonel

The coat of arms of the Vorobyovs is included in Part 3 of the Collection of diploma coats of arms of the Russian Nobility, not included in the General Armorial Book, page 63. In the azure shield there is a silver crane with a scarlet beak, eyes and legs, holding a gold stone in its right paw. The shield is topped with a noble helmet and crown. Crest - a hand in azure armor and a golden glove, holding a silver pickaxe. The mantle is azure with silver.

Famous representatives of the Vorobyov noble families

• Vorobyov Nefyod Ivanovich - a resident in Moscow, the son of an Oryol boyar (1679-1680) (from the Kursk nobles).

• Vorobyov Modest Evgrafovich - lieutenant, leader of the Bezhetsk district noble assembly of the Tver province (from the Tver nobles).

• Vorobyov Ivan Dmitrievich - engineer-major general (1851). Daughter Agrafena Ivanovna is married to court councilor, fleet captain of the 2nd rank Lev Nikolaevich Yazykov (probably from the Kherson nobles?).

• Vorobyov Yakov Yakovlevich - lieutenant general, commander of the 3rd Smolensk Ulan Emperor Alexander III regiment (09/01/1839 - 05/22/1848), ataman of the Siberian army (1851-1856). On December 1, 1838, with the rank of colonel, he was awarded the Order of St. George, 4th degree (No. 5712 according to the cavalry list of Grigorovich - Stepanov) (from the Kostroma nobles).

• Vorobyov Nikolai Mikhailovich - lieutenant general, participant in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878, hero of the First World War. On March 31, 1916 he was awarded the Arms of St. George, on December 3, 1916 - the Order of St. George, 4th degree (attribution unknown yet).

• Vorobyov Andrey Sergeevich (1861-1917) - Major General (affiliation unknown yet).

Famous estates of the Tver noblemen Vorobyovs

Domotkanovo (Tver region)

Domotkanov The Vorobyovs owned it from the second half of the 18th century for almost a century and a half. This is one of the ancient estates of the Tver nobles Vorobyov, located seventeen kilometers from Tver.

The estate as an economic object with a manor house, a park, ponds, landscape and outbuildings was finally formed during the period of its ownership by the Vorobyov nobles, including a one-story wooden house, which now houses the house-museum of the famous Russian artist Valentin Aleksandrovich Serov.

In 1886, Domotkanovo was purchased from the landowner Alexander Ivanovich Vorobyov by the artist Vladimir Dmitrievich von Derviz. From that time until the October Revolution of 1917, the estate became the property of the noble family of Derviz.

Notes

1. Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No. 1327, appendix. 2 dated 08/30/1960. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
2. The famous village of Vorobyovo, located on the mountains of the same name, also dates back to the boyar family of Vorobyovo, known in the middle of the 14th century. - See Tikhomirov M.N. Ancient Moscow (XII-XV centuries): Moscow. state University named after M. V. Lomonosova M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1947. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
3. Tikhomirov M. N. Works on the history of Moscow. Moscow, Publisher: Languages ​​of Slavic Culture, 2003 - ISBN 5-94457-165-9
4. In the book ed. Averyanova K. A. “History of Moscow districts” (2005) states that the owner of the village of Vorobyov was allegedly Kirill Voroba. However, then the village would be called Vorobino (stressed second syllable) based on the etymology of its nickname (voroba - a wooden device for winding yarn, silk - a reel). Moreover, the real name of the village is Vorob e in (stressed third syllable) has always had a “bird” etymology and has never been associated with anything else. In addition, the book does not mention the Moscow boyar Yuri Vorobyov (1352-1353) in order to avoid direct associations with the village of Vorobyovo, which does not give grounds to consider the author’s version of the book convincing.
5. The village of Vorobino was located in the southeast, and not in the southwest of Moscow, not far from the Novospassky Monastery, which stands on the site of the ancestral estate of the Romanov boyars, whose ancestor was Andrei Kobyla. Kirill Voroba was the latter’s nephew and, therefore, their ancestral estates were nearby.
6. Copy A. A. Vorobey Stoyanovich // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890—1907.
7. Tatishchev V.N. Collected works: In 8 volumes: T. 1. Russian History. Part 1: - Reprint from ed. 1963, 1964 - M.: Ladomir, 1994. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
8. Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times. Publisher: St. Petersburg. Publication of the Highest Approved Partnership for Public Benefit, 1896. Retrieved June 12, 2014.
9. Rapov O. M. Russian Church in the 9th - first third of the 12th century. Acceptance of Christianity. M. Russian Panorama, 1998
10. Rapov O. M. About the time of baptism of the population of Novgorod the Great: Bulletin of Moscow State University. Story. 1988 No. 3. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
11. Kuzmin A.G. The Fall of Perun. The formation of Christianity in Rus'. Publisher: M.: Young Guard, 1988. ISBN 5-235-00053-6
12. Vorobyov Yuri. Great Biographical Encyclopedia, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
13. Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T. 20. 1st half. Lviv Chronicle. Part 1. Ed. S. A. Andianova. - St. Petersburg: Printing house of M. A. Alexandrov, 1910
14. Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T.35. Chronicles of Belarusian-Lithuanian. Supral Chronicle M.: Science. 1978. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
15. Tatishchev V.N. Russian History. T.3. Moscow, Ermak Publishing House, 2005. Retrieved January 22, 2014.
16. Solovyov S. M. History of Russia since ancient times. Publisher: St. Petersburg. Publication of the Highest Approved Partnership for Public Benefit, 1896. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
17. Scribe books of the Novgorod land. Comp. K. V. Baranov. vol. 1-3, 5. M., Wood Storage, 1999-2004. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
18. Complete collection of Russian chronicles: volume 29. Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky Chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965. Retrieved April 15, 2014.
19. Go to: 1 2 3 4 Veselovsky S. B. Clerks and clerks of the XV-XVII centuries. : Academician Sciences of the USSR, Department of History, Arch. USSR Academy of Sciences Moscow: Nauka, 1975
20. Acts of service landowners of the 15th–early 17th centuries. Volume IV / Comp. A.V. Antonov. - M.: Drevlekhranilishche, 2008. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
21. Note Sometimes clerk Grigory Shemet Vorobyov is identified as Shemet Motyakin, but these are two different historical figures; the latter was never a clerk. — See Index of personal names in the Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles: T). Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky Chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965: (p.364 - Shemet Motyakin), (p.369 - Shemet Vorobyov Grigory Alexandrov, clerk - Complete collection of Russian chronicles: T). Chronicler of the beginning of the kingdom of the Tsar and Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich. Alexander Nevsky Chronicle. Lebedev Chronicle. M.: Science. 1965. Retrieved April 15, 2014.)
22. Memory of Prince I.V. Nemoy - Telepnev - Obolensky with paintings of persons appointed to guard at the time of the wedding. TSGADA, f. 135, dept. IV, rub. II, No. 5, l. 17. Retrieved July 13, 2013. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
23. Nazarov V.D. Wedding affairs of the 16th century. // Questions of History, No. 10. 1976. Retrieved February 20, 2015.
24. Zimin A. A. Thousand book of 1550 and Palace notebook of the 50s of the 16th century. M.-L. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. 1950. Retrieved July 13, 2013. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
25. Vorobyov Vas(v)yan (Vasily) Alexandrovich. Great Biographical Encyclopedia, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
26. Pleshanova I. I., Likhacheva L. D. Old Russian decorative and applied art in the collection of the State Russian Museum. L., 1985
27. List of guardsmen of Ivan the Terrible. Publishing house "Russian National Library". St. Petersburg, 2003. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
28. Tankov A. A. Historical chronicle of the Kursk nobility. M., 1913. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
29. Acts of the Moscow State, edited by N. A. Popov: Publisher: Type. Imperial Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg. 1890-1901 v.2, no. 10. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
30. Proceedings of the Moscow Department of the Imperial Russian Military Historical Society. Volume 1. Edited by Full Member of the Society I. S. Belyaev. Moscow, Moskovsky Printing House State University. 1911
31. Vorobyov Ermolai (Antonovich). Great Biographical Encyclopedia, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
32. Collection of state charters and agreements stored in the College of Foreign Affairs. part 1 page 192. Moscow, in the printing house of N. S. Vsevolozhsky, 1813
33. Monuments of history and culture of peoples Russian Federation. Objects of cultural heritage. Vorobyovs' estate. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
34. Go to: 1 2 3 Chernyavsky M.P. Genealogy of noblemen included in the genealogical book of the Tver province from 1787 to 1869, 1871
35. According to the letters of the Tsars Ivan and Peter Alekseevich, on November 25 and December 9, 1686, Kalina Semenovich, for his many services to the Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Fyodor Alekseevich during the war with the Turkish Sultan, the Crimean Khan and the Poles, was granted a local salary in the Kashinsky district, and for the dacha in 1776 Kalina's estate was registered for his children: Timothy, Larion, Maxim and Gabriel. - See Chernyavsky M.P. Genealogy of noblemen included in the genealogical book of the Tver province from 1787 to 1869, 1871
36. Vorobyovs / V.E. Rudakov // New encyclopedic dictionary: In 48 volumes (29 volumes published). - St. Petersburg. , Pg. : 1911—1916.
37. Savelov L. M. Bibliographic index on the history, heraldry and genealogy of the Russian nobility. Publisher: Azarova printing house, Ostrogozhsk, 1898. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
38. Go to: 1 2 Zakharov A.V. Boyar lists of the 18th century. 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
39. Belorukov D.F. Kostromka - the history of the Kostroma region. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
40. Russian State Historical Archive, file 1343 inventory 18
41. DS, volume III, p.64. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
42. DS, volume III, p.63. Retrieved July 31, 2013.
43. Rummel V.V., Golubtsov V.V. Genealogical collection of Russian noble families. - St. Petersburg: 1887
44. Go to: 1 2 3 4 Podmazo A. A. Generals of the Russian Imperial Army and Navy. 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
45. Tver estate / Ed. Berezkina E.I. Scientific library of Tver State University, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013. Archived from the original source on August 31, 2013

Before being included in the lists of nobility, the gentlemen of Russia belonged to the boyar class. It is believed that at least a third of the boyar families came from immigrants from Poland and Lithuania. However, indications of the origin of a particular noble family sometimes border on falsification.

In the middle of the 17th century, there were approximately 40 thousand service people, including 2-3 thousand listed in Moscow genealogical books. There were 30 boyar families who had exclusive rights to senior positions, including membership in the royal council, senior administrative positions in major orders, and important diplomatic appointments.

Discord between the boyar families made it difficult to govern the state. Therefore, it was necessary to create next to the ancient caste another, more submissive and less obstinate service class.
Boyars and nobles. The main difference is that the boyars had their own estates, while the nobles did not.

The nobleman had to live on his estate, run the household and wait for the king to call him to war or to court. Boyars and boyar children could appear for service at their own discretion. But the nobles had to serve the king.

Legally, the estate was royal property. The estate could be inherited, divided between heirs, or sold, but the estate could not.In the 16th century, an equalization of the rights of nobles and boyar children took place.During the XVI-XVII centuries. the position of the nobles approached the position of the boyars; in the 18th century, both of these groups merged, and the nobility became the aristocracy of Russia.

However, in the Russian Empire there were two different categories of nobles.
Pillar nobles - this was the name in Russia for hereditary nobles of noble families, listed in columns - genealogical books before the reign of the Romanovs in the 16-17 centuries, in contrast to nobles of later origin.

In 1723, the Finnish “knighthood” became part of the Russian nobility.
The annexation of the Baltic provinces was accompanied (from 1710) by the formation of the Baltic nobility.

By a decree of 1783, the rights of Russian nobles were extended to the nobility of three Ukrainian provinces, and in 1784 - to princes and murzas of Tatar origin. In the last quarter of the 18th century. The formation of the Don nobility began at the beginning of the 19th century. the rights of the Bessarabian nobility were formalized, and from the 40s. 19th century - Georgian.
By the middle of the 19th century. The nobility of the Kingdom of Poland is equal in personal rights with the Russian nobility.

However, there are only 877 real ancient Polish noble families, and there are at least 80 thousand current noble families. These surnames, along with tens of thousands of other similar noble Polish surnames, got their start in the 18th century, on the eve of the first partition of Poland, when the magnates of their lackeys, grooms, hounds, etc. raised their servants to the dignity of gentry, and thus formed almost a third share of the current nobility of the Russian Empire.

How many nobles were there in Russia?
“In 1858 there were 609,973 hereditary nobles, 276,809 personal and office nobles; in 1870 there were 544,188 hereditary nobles, 316,994 personal and office nobles; noble landowners, according to official data for 1877-1878, were counted as 114,716 in European Russia.” Brockhaus and Efron. Article Nobility.

According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (3rd ed.), in total in the Russian Empire (without) Finland) the big bourgeoisie, landowners, high officials, etc. of both sexes were: in 1897 - 3.0 million people, in 1913 4 ,1 million people. The share of the social group in 1897 was 2.4%, in 1913 - 2.5%. The increase from 1913 to 1897 was 36.7%. USSR article. Capitalist system.

The number of nobility (male): in 1651 - 39 thousand people, 108 thousand in 1782, 4.464 thousand people in 1858, that is, over two hundred years it increased 110 times, while the country's population increased only five times: from 12.6 to 68 million people. Korelin A.P. Russian nobility and its class organization (1861-1904). - History of the USSR, 1971, No. 4.

In the 19th century in Russia there were about 250 princely families, more than half of them were Georgian princes, and 40 families traced their ancestry to Rurik (according to legend, in the 9th century called to “rule in Russia”) and Gediminas, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, who ruled in XIV century in what is now Western Belarus (“Cornet Obolensky” belonged to the Rurikovichs, and “Lieutenant Golitsyn” belonged to the Gediminovichs).

Even more amusing situations arose with the Georgians than with the Poles.

Since in St. Petersburg they were afraid that the princes would again turn to oligarchic freedom, they began to count the princes carefully, namely, they ordered everyone to prove their right to the principality. And they began to prove it - it turned out that almost none of the princes had documents. A large princely factory of documents was established in Tiflis, and the documents were accompanied by the seals of Heraclius, King Teimuraz and King Bakar, which were very similar. The bad thing was that they didn’t share: there were many hunters for the same possessions. Tynyanov Y. Death of Vazir-Mukhtar, M., Soviet Russia, 1981, p. 213.

In Russia, the title of count was introduced by Peter the Great. The first Russian count was Boris Petrovich Sheremetyev, elevated to this dignity in 1706 for pacifying the Astrakhan rebellion.

Barony was the smallest noble title in Russia. Most of the baronial families - there were more than 200 of them - came from Livonia.

Many ancient noble families trace their origins to Mongolian roots. For example, Herzen’s friend Ogarev was a descendant of Ogar-Murza, who went to serve Alexander Nevsky from Batu.
The noble Yushkov family traces its ancestry back to the Horde Khan Zeush, who went into the service of Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy, and the Zagoskins - from Shevkal Zagor, who left the Golden Horde in 1472 for Moscow and received estates in the Novgorod region from John III.

Khitrovo is an ancient noble family that traces its origins to those who left in the second half of the 14th century. from the Golden Horde to the Grand Duke of Ryazan Oleg Ioannovich Edu-Khan, nicknamed Strong-Cunning, named Andrei in baptism. At the same time, his brother Salokhmir-Murza, who left, was baptized in 1371 under the name John and married the sister of Prince Anastasia. He became the founder of the Apraksins, Verderevskys, Kryukovs, Khanykovs and others. The Garshin family is an old noble family, descended, according to legend, from Murza Gorsha or Garsha, a native of the Golden Horde under Ivan III.

V. Arsenyev points out that the Dostoevskys descended from Aslan Murza Chelebey, who left the Golden Horde in 1389: he was the ancestor of the Arsenyevs, Zhdanovs, Pavlovs, Somovs, Rtishchevs and many other Russian noble families.

The Begichevs were descended, naturally, from the Horde citizen Begich; the noble families of the Tukhachevskys and Ushakovs had Horde ancestors. The Turgenevs, Mosolovs, Godunovs, Kudashevs, Arakcheevs, Kareevs (from Edigei-Karey, who moved from the Horde to Ryazan in the 13th century, was baptized and took the name Andrei) - all of them are of Horde origin.

During the era of Grozny, the Tatar elite strengthened even more.
For example, during the Kazan campaign (1552), which in history will be presented as the conquest and annexation of the Kazan Khanate to the Moscow state, the army of Ivan the Terrible included more Tatars than the army of Ediger, the ruler of Kazan.

The Yusupovs came from the Nogai Tatars. Naryshkins - from the Crimean Tatar Naryshki. Apraksins, Akhmatovs, Tenishevs, Kildishevs, Kugushevs, Ogarkovs, Rachmaninovs - noble families from the Volga Tatars.

The Moldavian boyars Matvey Cantacuzin and Scarlat Sturdza, who emigrated to Russia in the 18th century, received the most cordial treatment. The latter's daughter was a maid of honor to Empress Elizabeth, and later became Countess Edling.The Counts Panins traced their ancestry back to the Italian Panini family, which came from Lucca back in the 14th century. The Karazins came from the Greek family of Karadzhi. The Chicherins descend from the Italian Chicheri, who came to Moscow in 1472 in the retinue of Sophia Paleologus.

The Korsakov family from Lithuania (Kors is the name of the Baltic tribe that lived in Kurzeme).

Using the example of one of the central provinces of the empire, one can see that families of foreign origin made up almost half of the provincial nobility. An analysis of the pedigrees of 87 aristocratic families of the Oryol province shows that 41 families (47%) have foreign origins - traveling nobles baptized under Russian names, and 53% (46) of hereditary families have local roots.

12 of the traveling Oryol families have a genealogy from the Golden Horde (Ermolovs, Mansurovs, Bulgakovs, Uvarovs, Naryshkins, Khanykovs, Elchins, Kartashovs, Khitrovo, Khripunovs, Davydovs, Yushkovs); 10 clans left Poland (Pokhvisnevs, Telepnevs, Lunins, Pashkovs, Karyakins, Martynovs, Karpovs, Lavrovs, Voronovs, Yurasovskys); 6 families of nobles from the “German” (Tolstoys, Orlovs, Shepelevs, Grigorovs, Danilovs, Chelishchevs); 6 - with roots from Lithuania (Zinovievs, Sokovnins, Volkovs, Pavlovs, Maslovs, Shatilovs) and 7 - from other countries, incl. France, Prussia, Italy, Moldova (Abaza, Voeikovs, Elagins, Ofrosimovs, Khvostovs, Bezobrazovs, Apukhtins)

A historian who studied the origin of 915 ancient service families provides the following data on their national composition: 229 were of Western European (including German) origin, 223 were of Polish and Lithuanian origin, 156 were Tatar and other eastern, 168 belonged to the house of Rurik.
In other words, 18.3% were descendants of the Rurikovichs, that is, they had Varangian blood; 24.3% were of Polish or Lithuanian origin, 25% came from other Western European countries; 17% from Tatars and other eastern peoples; The nationality of 10.5% was not established, only 4.6% were Great Russians. (N. Zagoskin. Essays on the organization and origin of the service class in pre-Petrine Rus').

Even if we count the descendants of the Rurikovichs and persons of unknown origin as pure Great Russians, it still follows from these calculations that more than two-thirds of the royal servants in the last decades of the Moscow era were of foreign origin. In the eighteenth century, the proportion of foreigners in the service class increased even more. - R. Pipes. Russia under the old regime, p.240.

Our nobility was Russian only in name, but if someone decides that the situation was different in other countries, they will be greatly mistaken. Poland, the Baltic states, numerous Germanic nations, France, England and Turkey were all ruled by aliens.

text source:

Family history

The family began with the legendary Simon Afrikanovich, who left the Varangian land for Kyiv in 1027. Its immediate ancestor was Fyodor Vasilyevich Vorontsov (about 1400).

From the half of the 15th to the end of the 17th century. The Vorontsovs served as governors, solicitors, stewards, okolnichy and boyars.

Mikhail Illarionovich, lieutenant general, was granted the dignity of count of the Roman Empire by Emperor Charles VI in 1744, and at the same time he was allowed to use this title in Russia. His brothers Roman and Ivan Illarionovich were granted counthood in 1760 by Emperor Francis I; this dignity was recognized for them in Russia only in 1797.

The Vorontsov counts were recorded in Part V of the genealogical books of the Vladimir, Kursk, Moscow, Kaluga, St. Petersburg and Yaroslavl provinces. The grandson of Roman Illarionovich, Count Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov, being the Caucasian governor, was elevated to the dignity of prince of the Russian Empire in 1845; in 1852 he was given the title of lordship.

Vorontsov-Dashkovs

Roman Illarionovich's daughter, Ekaterina, was married to Prince Mikhail-Kondraty Ivanovich Dashkov. Her nephew, Ivan Illarionovich, in 1867 was allowed to add the Dashkov surname to his surname and be called Count Voronotsov-Dashkov. About his son Illarion Ivanovich, see above. The Vorontsov-Dashkovs are recorded in Part V of the genealogical books of the Moscow and St. Petersburg provinces.

Shuvalovs

With the death of his descendant son, Adjutant General, His Serene Highness Prince Semyon Mikhailovich Vorontsov (1823-1882), in the same 1882, Count Pavel Andreevich Shuvalov was granted the highest permission to take the coat of arms, title and surname of his maternal grandfather, Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov, and be called His Serene Highness Prince Vorontsov, Count Shuvalov. In 1886, Count Mikhail Andreevich Shuvalov, as the heir to the primary estate established in the Vorontsov family, was allowed to be called His Serene Highness Prince Vorontsov, Count Shuvalov.

Other Vorontsovs

There are also other ancient noble families of the Vorontsovs.

The first of them, descending from Anofriy Petrovich Vorontsov, who was placed in 1629, is recorded in part VI of the genealogical book of the Oryol province.

The second family of Vorontsovs, originating from Besson Timofeevich Vorontsov, who was placed in 1630, is recorded in the VI part of the genealogical books of the Kursk and Kaluga provinces.

Quite a few families of noble Vorontsovs are of later origin.

Under the name Vorontsov, a Russian noble family of Polish origin is known, with the coat of arms of Lubich, divided into two branches.

The founder of the first of them was Pavel Voronets, to whom King Vladislav IV granted estates in the Smolensk Voivodeship. His son Peter, after the conquest of Smolensk in 1656, entered into Russian citizenship, was a cornet in the regiment of the Smolensk gentry and a steward. This branch is included in Part VI of the genealogy book of Smolensk and in Part II of the Kursk province.

The second branch comes from Dmitry Vorontsov, who received in the first half of the 17th century. from the kings of the Polish estates in the Smolensk land. His son, captain Casimir, entered into Russian citizenship after the conquest of Smolensk. His descendants are included in Part II of the genealogy book of the Smolensk province and in Part III of the Kaluga province (Gerbovnik, IV, 114).

According to the hypothesis of Pinsk local historian Roman Goroshkevich, the Pinsk noble family of Verenich-Stakhovsky, descended from two brothers, Semyon and Dmitry Vorontsov (Voronich), may be a branch of the Russian noble family of Vorontsov.

Description of the coats of arms

Coat of arms of the Count Vorontsov family

Coat of arms of the Count Vorontsov family

The shield is divided by a diagonal stripe on the right side into two parts, of which the upper one has a silver field and the lower one has a red field, and on the line there are two roses with one lily in between with fields of flowers. A black top is attached to the shield, on which a golden rafter with three granadas is depicted, and on the black top there are three silver stars. The crown characteristic of the counts is placed on the shield, above which are depicted three tournament crowned helmets with gold hoops and worthy kleynods and a chain decorated with them, of which on the middle silver upright one there is a double-headed eagle with a crown, nose and gold claws, and on the right one, which is placed obliquely, On the sides there are six banners, of which the first is red, the last is white, and the middle one with golden Russian eagles. The mantle is lowered on both sides, on the right side it is black and gold, on the left it is red and silver. The shield bearers stand on the sides and two white horses with red city crowns on their necks hold the shield with their front feet. Motto: Semper Immota Fides.

The coat of arms is included in the General armorial of the noble families of the All-Russian Empire, part 1, 1st section, p. 28.

The most famous representatives

• Semyon Ivanovich Vorontsov - boyar and governor, in 1505 and 1506 he went against the Kazan king Makhmet-Amen; in 1514 he commanded the reserve regiments stationed on the Ugra River. Died 1518

• Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov - son of Semyon Ivanovich Vorontsov, boyar and governor; was during the siege and capture of Smolensk (1513 and 1514); went, in 1522, against the Crimean Tatars; in 1524 he commanded a separate detachment of a “numerous army” (150,000 people) sent to Kazan; on the way he distinguished himself in the battle of the Sviyaga River with the Cheremis and Kazan Tatars; was the governor in Novgorod, was present at the execution of the spiritual charter of Vasily Ioannovich, who punished him and other boyars about his son, about the structure of the zemstvo, etc. During Elena’s reign, at first, all affairs of the state were led by her uncle Mikhail Glinsky, with his “like-minded person” Vorontsov; together with Glinsky, Vorontsov was imprisoned (1534). A year later, Vorontsov’s disgrace was lifted, and he commanded the Novgorod and Pskov troops against the Lithuanians, and in 1537 he took part in peace negotiations with Lithuania and Sweden in 1539.

• Fedor-Demid Semyonovich Vorontsov - brother of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov and son of Semyon Ivanovich Vorontsov, boyar and Duma adviser, participated in 1531 and 1532 in two embassy commissions: on Kazan affairs and sent to Lithuania for the exchange of letters.

• Vasily Fedorovich Vorontsov - son of Fedor-Demid Semyonovich Vorontsov, okolnichy and governor. Killed near Wenden in 1577.

• Ivan Fedorovich Vorontsov, brother of Vasily Fedorovich Vorontsov, was executed by Ivan IV in 1570 along with many others accused of having relations with the Novgorodians.

• Ivan Mikhailovich Vorontsov is the son of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, governor, Duma adviser and diplomat. He took part in all the wars of Ivan IV and traveled twice on diplomatic missions: he took a letter to Sigismund Augustus to Lithuania (in 1557), and the second time to Sweden (1567-69). While the Russian embassy was there, King Eric XIV was dethroned; At the same time, the Moscow ambassadors were robbed, beaten and even threatened with death, from which Erich’s younger brother, Karl, saved them; then they were transported to Abo, kept there for about 8 months as prisoners, and only in 1569 were they released to Moscow.

• Mikhail Illarionovich Vorontsov (1714-1767) - count, state chancellor; born in 1714. At the age of fourteen he was assigned as a chamberlain at the court of Grand Duchess Elisaveta Petrovna and served the latter both with his pen, which he mastered well, and with the money of his rich sister-in-law, the wife of his brother Roman. Together with Shuvalov, he stood behind the sleigh on which the crown princess rode to the barracks of the Preobrazhensky Regiment on the night of her proclamation as empress; He, together with Lestocq, arrested Anna Leopoldovna and her family. For this, Elizabeth granted him a full-time chamberlain, a lieutenant of the newly founded life company, and made him the owner of rich estates. On January 3, 1742, Mikhail Illarionovich became the husband of Anna Karlovna Skavronskaya, the empress’s cousin. In 1744 he was elevated to the dignity of count of the Russian Empire and subsequently appointed vice-chancellor. In 1748 he almost fell into disgrace. He was accused of complicity in the Lestocq conspiracy, but he managed to easily exonerate himself from this accusation and regain the favor of the empress. When Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin fell into disgrace in 1758, Vorontsov was appointed in his place. Having inherited from Bestuzhev-Ryumin the so-called Peter's system - an alliance with Austria (against Turkey), under Elisaveta Petrovna he actively continued the war with Prussia, but under Peter III he almost entered into an alliance with Prussia. Mikhail was attached to Peter and even tried to defend his rights after the coup on June 29, 1762; he refused to swear allegiance to Catherine II, for which he was subjected to house arrest, and swore allegiance only when he heard about the death of Pyotr Fedorovich. Nevertheless, Catherine II, who saw him as an experienced and hardworking diplomat, left him as chancellor. The need to share his work (on diplomatic relations) with N.I. Panin, who adhered to a completely different system, the resulting misunderstandings with him and other close associates of the empress, for example with Grigory Orlov, and the coldness of the empress herself soon forced Vorontsov to resign (1763). He died in Moscow in 1767. Neither contemporaries nor historians agree in assessing the activities of M. I. Vorontsov. Most historians, following Manstein's harsh verdict, call him incapable, poorly educated and susceptible to foreign influence. But almost everyone considers Mikhail Illarionovich an honest, gentle and humane person. Friend and patron of M.V. Lomonosov, he was interested in the successes of his native literature and native science and, as far as one can judge from his letters, especially of the last decade, he had a good education, if not in the political, then in the general literary sense.

• Roman Illarionovich Vorontsov (1707-1783) - older brother of Mikhail Illarionovich; genus. in 1707; lieutenant general and senator under Elizabeth, chief general under Peter Fedorovich, under Catherine II, first in disgrace, and then governor of the provinces of Vladimir, Penza and Tambov. With his extortions and extortion, he brought the provinces entrusted to him to extreme ruin. Rumors of this reached the empress, and on his name day she sent him a wallet as a gift. Having received such a “double-valued” sign of royal favor in front of guests, Roman Ilarionovich was so amazed by it that he soon died (1783). He was married to a wealthy merchant's daughter, Marfa Ivanovna Surmina. Of his daughters, Elizabeth was the favorite of Peter III, and Catherine gained great fame under the name of Princess Dashkova.

• Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov - the second brother of Roman Illarionovich Vorontsov - was the president of the patrimonial board in Moscow.

• Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov-Dashkov (1790-1854) - grandson of Ivan Illarionovich Vorontsov, chief master of ceremonies at the court of Emperor Nicholas I (1789); after the death of the last of the line of princes Dashkov, with the permission of Emperor Alexander I, in 1807 he began to be called Count Vorontsov-Dashkov.

• Alexander Romanovich Vorontsov (1741-1805) - count and state chancellor; genus. in 1741; He began his service at the age of 15 in the Izmailovsky Regiment. In 1759, Mikhail Illarionovich, who took a great part in the fate of his nephews, sent him to the Strasbourg military school; After that, he visited Paris and Madrid and compiled a description of the Spanish administration for his uncle. Returning to Russia (1761), he was soon appointed chargé d'affaires in Vienna, and with the accession of Peter Fedorovich he was sent as minister plenipotentiary to England, where he did not remain long. Under Catherine II, he was a senator, president of the commercial college, but stood at a distance from the court. Soon after the conclusion of the Peace of Jassy (1791), Alexander Romanovich had to resign and remained away from business until the accession of Alexander I, who in 1802 appointed him state chancellor. It was a time of celebration for the Vorontsovs; Napoleon's dominance caused a break with the Panin system, which sought an alliance with France and Prussia, and demanded rapprochement with England and Austria. His brother Semyon Romanovich, an Anglomaniac respected by local government officials, was in London; and the alliance with Austria returned him to Peter’s system, as if inherited from his uncle, Mikhail Illarionovich. By exposing in all his reports to the emperor, during 1802-04, the importance and significance of the alliance with Austria and especially with England and pointing out the significant harm from Napoleonic “distortions”, the need for joint armed actions against him, Alexander Romanovich greatly contributed to the break with Napoleon in 1803.

A prominent place is occupied by the activities of Alexander Romanovich in matters of internal administration, where he took a special part in the transformation of the Senate, the organization of the ministry, etc. His authoritative opinion was turned to on important issues even after his retirement (1804). He died in 1805. He had an extraordinary memory and extensive historical knowledge; left “Notes about his time” or an autobiography, published in the VII volume of the “Archive of Prince Vorontsov”, and several notes of a historical and legal nature: “On the rights and advantages of the Senate” (printed in the “Readings of the Moscow Society of History and Russian Antiquities” for 1 8 64 g, book 1) and “Notes on some articles concerning Russia” (also in “Readings of M.O.I.D.R.” for 1859, book 1; see Sushkov’s article in “ Russian Bulletin" for 1859).

• Semyon Romanovich Vorontsov (-) - count, Russian politician and diplomat. He was ambassador to Italy, an infantry general, and a holder of all Russian orders. The Russian ambassador in London, married to Ekaterina Alekseevna Senyavina (who died in Venice).

• Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (-) - Count, and with His Serene Highness Prince, Field Marshal General; honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (); Novorossiysk and Bessarabian Governor-General ( - gg.). He contributed to the economic development of the region, the construction of Odessa and other cities. B - governor of

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