Permissible level of alcohol while driving in ppm. Alcohol calculator and allowable blood alcohol levels

The state policy aimed at combating the dependence on alcohol-containing products of the population has led to a decrease in the permissible concentration of ethyl alcohol in the body.

Since 2017, the measurement of exhaled air with a special device that exceeds the value of 0.16‰ is what is considered to be intoxicated under the current law. In this case, alcohol in the blood should not be detected more than 0.35 ppm.

Outwardly, it is possible to determine that a person has drunk only if the amount of alcohol is already approaching 0.6 - 1 and above ppm. This, first of all, depends on the strength of the drink, the age and body weight of the drinker.

Let's find out how quickly alcohol is excreted, what consequences are expected for its use by ordinary citizens.

What does the value of 0.6 ppm of alcohol correspond to

Trying to increase demand and diversify the market, alcohol producers offer the consumer a wide selection of alcohol.

It is very easy to buy non-alcoholic Baltika beer, which contains 0% ethanol, or Absinthe, where the alcohol content ranges from 75-80%, in any supermarket or store.

An indicator of 0.6 ppm is a state of mild intoxication, so let's consider how much and what kind of alcohol you need to drink in order to be drunk:

• beer 6% - 1 l;
• red wine - 200 gr;
• white wine - 300 gr;
• champagne - 250 gr;
• vodka, cognac, whiskey - 100 gr.

A value from 0.55 ppm to 0.6 is found 30 minutes after taking 50 grams of vodka, 2 bottles of beer or 0.5 liters of wine. The same situation is observed if more than 9-12 hours have passed since the moment of previously drunk alcohol.

Drinking 0.5 liters of vodka the day before will show the amount of alcohol in the exhaled air of 0.54 - 0.69 ppm, after 6 bottles of beer - 0.25-0.26 ‰, 2 bottles of wine - 45-46. And the higher the percentage of ethyl alcohol in the drink, the less it will take to get drunk.

0.6 ppm: the acceptable norm or lethal dose of alcohol

Fortunately, mild or simple alcohol intoxication does not pose a threat to life. It occurs as a result of the use of 20-100 mg of pure ethyl alcohol inside, the concentration of which in the blood is in the range of 0.5-1.5‰. The influence of alcohol on the human body, in this case, is minimal, provided that he no longer drinks.

The mechanism of the sedative, relaxing effect occurs against the background of the penetration of acetaldehyde into the membranes of brain cells and neurons. Inhibition of the GABA inhibitory system receptors provokes the release of adrenaline and the release of dopamine. The feeling of euphoria and a surge of energy increases, sociability increases and attention is sharpened.

Due to the ability of ethanol to change the natural metabolism of calcium, alcohol prevents platelet aggregation, is able to have antiarrhythmic and antioxidant effects, and reduce areas of ischemic heart damage.

There are even guidelines for drinking alcohol, which can provide health benefits. Per day, 250 ml of wine, 500 grams of light beer or 50 grams of vodka are allowed. Such a dose will not affect the human condition in any way.

How to calculate blood alcohol content

Periodically or regularly using alcohol-containing products, it is important to know how long it takes for alcohol intoxication to pass. This will help you avoid being reprimanded at work or fired, losing your driver's license and having a bad hangover in the morning.

Many sites offer to use the services of an online calculator to calculate the ppm of alcohol that remains in the body after drinking the day before. But you should not get carried away with these calculations, since they show the approximate value of the rate of excretion of ethyl alcohol.

It is easy to find out the volume of alcohol in the blood on your own using the formula:

c = a / (m × r)

The alcohol concentration is displayed in the value "c". It is determined using the amount drunk in grams - "a", the weight of a person - "m" and the Widmark distribution coefficient - "r", which for men is 0.7, and for women this figure does not exceed 0.6.

For example, a girl weighing 60 kg consumed 2 glasses of vodka or 100 grams of strong drink. We calculate the concentration of ethanol using the formula: c \u003d 100 / (60 × 0.6). The content of ethyl alcohol in the body is 0.36 ppm. For a man weighing 70 kg, the indicator will be 0.49‰.

There is another way to quickly determine ethanol in the blood and the rate of its excretion. Every hour, the level of alcohol in a woman decreases by 0.085 - 0.1 ppm, in a man - by 0.1-0.15 ‰.

If we take into account that after 100 grams of vodka the volume of ethyl alcohol is 1.02‰, then in an hour its indicator for a man will be 1.02 - 0.15 = 0.87 ppm, for a woman - 0.17 - 0.19.

Be sure to consider your weight. For example, beer disappears in a person weighing about 70 kg in 35-40 minutes, vodka is excreted in about 5 hours and 48 minutes, and cognac - in 6 hours.

In more dense people, the body will need 21 minutes, 3 hours 29-52 minutes and 4 hours 04 minutes to break down the same amount of alcohol, respectively.

What is the punishment for alcohol intoxication at 0.6 ppm

From the age of 16, generally accepted norms of behavior apply to all persons, including labor laws and motor vehicle regulations, which prohibit people from being drunk at the wheel and at work.

In accordance with the current "Code of Administrative Violations", for being drunk in a public place, like a park or square, a fine of 1,500 to 2,000 rubles is provided, detention for up to 15 days.

The new law took effect in 2017. It prohibits driving while intoxicated, entails the deprivation of a driver's license for a period of 1.5 to 3 years, the payment of funds in the amount of 30,000 - 50,000 rubles. Being under administrative arrest for a period of 10-15 days is applied when the offender is detained again.

Based on the provisions of the Labor Code, for the appearance of an employee at the workplace in a state of intoxication, a disciplinary sanction, removal from duty, and a corresponding entry in the work book upon dismissal follow.

Alcohol has a depressing effect on the human body, it can change the behavior and perception of the surrounding reality, since the substances contained in its composition directly affect the nervous system and consciousness.

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The level of change in human behavior and the amount of alcohol drunk are called degrees of intoxication, so it can be assumed how the drunk organism will behave and what behavioral signs will be characteristic of it.

Based on medical observations, you need to figure out what are the degrees of intoxication per mille in 2020, and how this knowledge can be applied in practice.

Important Information

The level of alcohol in the human body is indicated in ppm, this is a concept that characterizes thousandths of something whole.

That is, knowing this indicator, we can assume how much alcohol is in a person’s blood, and how close it is to one degree or another of drunkenness.

Physicians often use previous developments, since mood changes, the psychological and physical state of a person - all these aspects have already been described on the basis of observations and measurements, and tables have also been compiled of which levels of alcohol affect the body.

Basic concepts

In order to understand what degrees of intoxication exist and what is characteristic of them, it is necessary first of all to familiarize yourself with the main terminological set, it is he who will provide an opportunity to learn about the distinctive features of a particular condition and its threat from the point of view of health.

Detection of alcohol in the blood

To detect the presence of alcohol in the blood, and as a result, to convict a person of his use, they turn to doctors.

But not only voluntary, but also compulsory study of the composition of the blood can be used, since a person may simply be in an inadequate state, but will commit a crime, and it will be necessary to determine the level of intoxication in any case.

There are different methods for analyzing the alcohol content, for example, gas chromatography involves the evaporation of a taken blood sample and the study of its residues present on the walls of a special flask.

The enzymatic method uses a sensor strip, which is colored when ethanol is detected in the blood, but there are a lot of nuances, for example, the liquid under study should not be exposed to light, work should be carried out exclusively with gloves, and there should be no ethanol vapors in the room.

The last method is the Widmark formula according to the method of the same scientist, but it assumes that the person himself will be able to provide personal data and is based on mathematical calculations.

Current regulatory framework

The degree of intoxication is not specified in the legislation, but there are quite strict standards regarding the intoxication of a person and his appearance in public places.

It says that a person should not go outside while intoxicated, and in addition, get behind the wheel while drunk, punishment is provided for this, as well as determining what degree of intoxication it is 0.15 ppm. Considering the law, this is quite a normal indicator.

Regarding the specific level of alcohol content in blood and air, there are norms that also apply to the Administrative Code.

As for air, the maximum possible value that will go unpunished is 0.16 mg / l, and if we are talking about a blood test, then the figure already reaches 0.35 ppm.

The specific amount of alcohol that you can drink is individual, here the person’s complexion, his age and weight, as well as the presence of diseases and even the experience of drinking alcohol play a role.

But in general, you can afford to drink about 20 grams of vodka, about 40-50 grams of wine or 100 grams of beer, this will not lead to a strong off-scale indicators and the inspector will not be able to apply punishment.

If you still had to drink alcohol before the road, and you can’t wait until it is removed, then you should not move too fast and slowly, but you need to keep the car level and not break the rules, so there will be fewer reasons to stop.

Degrees of alcohol state in exhaled air (table)

From what value will be shown after the test with a special device that analyzes the air, it will be possible to assess the specific degree of intoxication and find out what features of behavior and state are characteristic of it.

Amount of alcohol (ppm/mg/l)	Peculiarities
Up to 0.3/0.16	Intoxication is not expressed, the normal state
0.3-1.5 (0.16/0.65) (mild)	A person relaxes, fatigue and tension pass, the mood rises significantly, as does activity. There is a characteristic talkativeness, self-confidence and a thirst for communication. But you can notice a slight lack of coordination and stuttering of speech
1,5-2,5 (0,65-1,25)	Speech becomes slurred, individual words become difficult to make out. A distinctive feature from the previous state is increased aggression, a sharp change in mood, because of this, the risk of a fight or argument increases. Poor coordination, uneven gait, and remembering what happened, the person will subsequently only partially
2.5-3 (1.25-1.5) (medium)	Coordination is lost, the person staggers, speech is very slurred, and consciousness can be lost at any time. In such a serious condition, a person may urinate or produce an involuntary bowel movement.
3-4 (1,5-2)	Speech is incomprehensible or absent, a person also cannot move, because he falls. He does not recognize other people, and the memory of what is happening in this state is completely absent.
5 or more (from 2.5)	The nervous system is affected, breathing and the work of the cardiovascular system may well be problematic, and death may well occur. Physically, the state is expressed by a person’s complete disconnection from reality, he is not aware of what is happening around and lies without moving, if medical assistance is not provided, then everything will end sadly

The impact of alcohol on driver behavior

A driver who has drunk alcohol is a threat, because if in the initial stages of intoxication he experiences euphoria and can only quickly accelerate or arrange competitions with other drivers, then in more severe stages he practically does not control the car.

He loses his sense of distance, cannot distinguish road signs, and at the same time does not experience fear, but there are often situations when a person confidently drove a car from about 4 ppm.

In most cases, a drunk driver can simply fall asleep at the wheel, depriving the car of control, and it can easily provoke an accident or knock down pedestrians.

The most dangerous is the stage at which aggression is expressed, the driver can deliberately cut off other drivers, and if he doesn’t like something, he will deliberately crash, since the self-preservation instinct practically atrophies in a drunken state.

Inspectors, on the other hand, most often identify a drunk driver by his low speed, uncertain control, in which the car wears along the lane or even to neighboring positions.

Therefore, drunk motorists are identified quite easily and receive their punishment.

Video: mechanism of intoxication

The rate of its elimination from the body

The rate of excretion from the body depends on the physiological characteristics of a person, and also how much alcohol was drunk and how strong it was.

For example, large doses of vodka will be excreted in more than a day, wine will be able to leave the body in about half a day, and beer - within 7-8 hours.

Despite this, there may be a fume, that is, the smell of withdrawn alcohol, and after this time, testers can also determine the presence, so after a big party you don’t need to drive even after a day, it’s better to wait a little longer.

In the case of 0.25 and 0.46 ppm, it is enough to wait about two hours.

Despite the rumors, no drugs and methods will help to remove alcohol faster, they can more or less speed up the withdrawal of a dropper in the hospital, or enemas, but these methods require time and are effective only with a high alcohol content in the body.

Fatty foods and plentiful snacking also only affect the absorption of alcohol and the growth of ppm, but they have absolutely no effect on its reduction, so you should not eat plentifully if the goal is to return to duty as soon as possible, it is better to drink less.

What dose is considered lethal

According to the medical classification, in which the number of ppm in the body exceeds 5.

But at the same time, there are cases when people had 9 or more ppm, but nevertheless felt good and did not die, but this is most likely an exception.

In addition, to bring yourself to a lethal dose, you need to drink it in a short time (within an hour), and also do not eat.

Photo: lethal dose of alcohol by age

Ethanol is excreted in humans at different rates. In each case, the rate of cleansing the body is individual, depending on gender, health status. The alcohol calculator allows you to estimate the average, approximate level of alcohol in the blood plasma, calculate when the driver can drive a car.

Alcohol calculator

The concentration of alcohol contained in the blood is calculated using a calculator that takes into account the strength, volume of drinks drunk, gender and weight. The calculator is based on a formula proposed in 1932 by the Swedish chemist Eric Widmark for use in forensic practice.

Calculations using the Widmark formula are quite complex, and to make the task easier, an alcohol calculator was created based on it. It is easy to use, just enter your data correctly to get the result.

The calculation result reliably reflects the amount of ethyl alcohol received with drinks. The resulting value takes into account the average rate of decrease in blood alcohol content, equal to 0.15‰/hour.

Blood alcohol calculator:

Table of intoxication in ppm

The table can also do a good service for drivers who have not consumed alcohol. After all, ethyl alcohol is found in small quantities not only in drinks. The breathalyzer of a policeman on the road can show up to 0.6 ‰ after the driver has consumed kvass, 0.2 ‰ - after kefir.

Blood alcohol table:

The degree of intoxication in ‰ (ppm)	well-being	Impact on driving
0,2-0,5	The state is slightly different from sobriety, there is excessive talkativeness, obsession, but within the limits of decency.	There is no reaction to moving cars, there is a desire to increase speed, the ability to estimate distance is impaired.
0,5-0,8	The condition is accompanied by euphoria, violation of morality, loss of control over behavior, impudence.	The adaptation of vision to changes in lighting, the perception of red color is weakened. The driver does not see a traffic light, red brake lights.
0,8-1,2	Events are inadequately assessed, symptoms of alcohol poisoning appear - nausea, apathy, disorientation. The mood changes from indifference to outbreaks of aggression, anger.	The ability to adequately assess distances is lost, the reaction slows down. The driver notices late and does not have time to react when cyclists, fences, and parked cars appear in the field of view.
1,2-2,4	Unpredictable behavior, tendency to apathy. Signs of poisoning increase, vomiting, involuntary defecation appear.	Coordination is lost, visual reaction is reduced, there is no adequate assessment of the situation. All of the above is accompanied by a monstrous arrogance.

At a value of more than 2.4 ‰, the threat of paralysis and heart attack becomes real. Above 3 ‰ - suppression of respiratory reflexes, decrease in temperature, coma, risk of death.

At ppm 3.8 and above, a person can die from paralysis of the respiratory center in the brain.

Duration of action of alcohol

The rate of utilization of ethanol in the body depends on the characteristics of metabolism, the state digestive system, liver, pancreas. The breakdown of ethyl alcohol requires enzymes that may be inactive or even absent.

The degree of intoxication of a person depends on factors:

• person's weight, height;
• hereditary predisposition;
• the state of the digestive, respiratory urinary system.

Using an alcohol calculator, you can assess the degree of intoxication, but it will not be possible to accurately determine the amount of ethanol in the blood from the tables. Ethanol excretion rates in humans at different times and under different conditions are very different.

The speed of sobering up depends on the state of health of a person, namely, on the functionality of his liver and pancreas. In chronic diseases, the withdrawal of alcohol from the body slows down, intoxication sets in sharply, and symptoms of alcohol poisoning are strongly manifested.

Splitting Features

A special role in the detoxification of the body belongs to the liver. Prolonged alcohol abuse impairs its functions, destroys the organ, and leads to cirrhosis. The more damaged the liver, the less alcohol causes intoxication and poisoning.

The absorption of ethyl alcohol begins almost immediately after drinking the drink, an hour later the maximum amount of ethanol accumulates in the blood.

The process slows down with the simultaneous use of fatty foods. After excretion from the blood, alcohol is still found in the urine, cerebrospinal fluid.

The strength of alcoholic beverages matters. Strong drinks are excreted longer, so if it takes 4 hours to neutralize 100 grams of vodka, then intoxication from a bottle of beer disappears after 2 hours.

Beer will not be felt when breathing after 30 minutes, and alcohol vapors after taking 100 g of vodka are felt in the exhaled air for 1.5 hours.

Calculations

100 g of vodka in terms of 96% ethyl alcohol is 40 g of pure alcohol. To determine the degree of intoxication, the amount of alcohol (‰) must be divided by the total weight of body fluid.

All fluid in the body of men on average corresponds to 65-70% of body weight, and for a person weighing 70 kg, the weight of all fluid will be: 70 kg × 70% / 100% = 49 kg.

To calculate the degree of intoxication, the amount of pure alcohol contained in 100 grams of vodka, which is 40 g of alcohol, is divided by the total amount of water in the body. The total liquid in this case is 49 kg. Dividing 40 by 49 gives you 0.82 ppm.

The degree of intoxication of a woman is also calculated, taking into account that the share of water in the female body accounts for from 55% to 60%. With a high fat content, there is less water in the body. The more muscle, the higher the percentage of fluid.

To simplify the calculations of what level of alcohol in the blood, a calculator has been developed. It allows you to determine the degree of intoxication without much mental effort.

absorption in the body

After ethyl alcohol enters the stomach, it is absorbed into the bloodstream, then carried through the bloodstream. 90% of alcohol is absorbed in the liver, the rest is broken down in the kidneys, intestines, skin, and lungs.

The difference in the rate of elimination of toxins in the female and male body, in particular, depends on the vital volume of the lungs. Alcohol is excreted at an average rate of 0.1 ‰ per hour. And with intoxication of 1.2 ‰, sobering will come in 12 hours.

In women, the rate of ethanol excretion is 1.2 times lower than in men. Accordingly, in a woman with a degree of intoxication of 1.2 ‰, sobering up will occur in 12 × 1.2 = 14.4 hours.

Complete withdrawal of alcohol from the blood

Permissible amount of ethanol in the blood

According to the current legislation of the Russian Federation, drivers of vehicles are prohibited from using intoxicants. The maximum blood alcohol level allowed by law is 0.16 mg/l in the air exhaled during the test, introduced as a possible error of the measuring device.

In ppm, the permitted value of alcohol in the blood is 0.336‰. This concentration in the blood occurs after an hour if a man weighing 80 kg consumes:

• 50 g of vodka;
• 50 g of cognac;
• 200 g of champagne;
• 200 g of wine;
• 500 g of beer.

Women are more sensitive to alcohol. The level of ethanol in their blood will not exceed the norm one hour after consumption:

• 30 g of vodka;
• 30 g of cognac;
• 100 g of wine;
• 100 g of champagne;
• 330 g of beer.

A man weighing 80 kg and drinking 100 g of vodka will be able to confidently drive in 3 hours. Drinking 200 g of wine - after 1.5 hours, and drinking 1 liter of beer - more than 4 hours. During this time, the level of ethanol in the blood will decrease to an acceptable 0.336‰.

For the maximum removal of alcohol from the blood of a man weighing 80 kg, a longer period of time will be required: 100 g of vodka are removed in 4 hours, and 100 g of champagne in 1 hour.

Allowed 0.16 mg / l in the exhaled volume of air, 0.336 ppm in the blood. This value falls within the error limit of the breathalyzer - a device for measuring alcohol on exhalation, and is considered the permitted limit for vehicle drivers.

Maximum allowable rates

Even the philosopher Aristotle said that intoxication is voluntarily caused insanity. The degree of alcohol intoxication varies widely - from mild to severe, life-threatening. Previously, there was an opinion put forward by the famous German pharmacologist Binz that alcohol excites the central nervous system. However, Russian scientists, using the method of conditioned reflexes, convincingly showed that alcohol does not have a direct stimulating effect on the central nervous system, and the excitation observed with it is the result of a weakening of the inhibitory effect of the cerebral cortex, whose work is inhibited by alcohol. I. P. Pavlov wrote about this:

“We tried to give the smallest doses of alcohol and never got an exciting effect. This should be understood in such a way that from the very beginning the action of alcohol is a paralyzing, not exciting.
________________________________________

Alcohol given to rats under experimental conditions caused a significant increase in their bodies of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which seems to be present only in the brain and is believed to play a very important role in regulating relationships within the brain itself. Gamma-aminobutyric acid is a kind of inhibitory substance that tends to suppress the transmission (transmission) of nerve impulses through synapses from one nerve cell to another. It follows that an increase in the content of gamma-aminobutyric acid, due to alcohol, leads to the suppression of nerve impulses and inhibition or inhibition of the activity of nerve cells.

Most affected by alcohol, apparently, the cerebral cortex and the function of the so-called reticular formation. Some scientists studied the effect of alcohol on the network structure using microelectrodes implanted in the corresponding parts of the brain, which could receive active biocurrents from single nerve cells or their individual small groups. It was found that if alcohol was given in doses from 0.5 to 12 g per 1 kg of animal weight, then a rapid decrease in spontaneous activity in the network structure was observed, which became more noticeable with an increase in the level of alcohol in the blood. Moreover, the degree of decrease in the activity of the mesh formation depended not only on the level of alcohol in the blood, but also on the rate of increase in its dose.

The latest research has shown that alcohol, like any drug, inhibits the transmission of excitation impulses from neuron to neuron, which negatively affects reflex activity. This disorder occurs even before the onset of metabolic disorders in the central nervous system.

Studies conducted on pieces of brain tissue found that at low concentrations, at which there are already clinical signs of the effect of alcohol on the body, oxidative processes increase. There is also an increase in the amplitude of brain biocurrents with the introduction of small doses of alcohol, while large doses inhibited this rhythm. From this follows the conclusion that alcohol initially acts as an aphrodisiac, which is its attractive power for many people. However, despite this, even a small amount of alcohol significantly inhibits the higher parts of the central nervous system.

Consider the degree of intoxication in ppm. To do this, use the table below:

We also consider how much per mille of alcohol in the blood is retained over time after taking various alcoholic beverages.

A mild degree of intoxication is accompanied by euphoria - high spirits and, as a result, an overestimation of one's strength, capabilities and abilities. Conducting his experiments, the outstanding German psychiatrist E. Kraepelin injected students with small doses of alcohol (7, 15, 25, 35, 45, 60 g). And he fixed the speed of response, the ability to add prime numbers, memorize 12-digit numbers, and read quickly. The result showed that the speed of reaction increased, but it was more often erroneous, compared with non-alcoholic. For example, when asked to raise left hand more subjects raised their right hand, and vice versa. Similar facts were discovered while reading and adding numbers. With these experiments, E. Kraepelin found that small doses of alcohol cause noticeable disturbances in subtle mental functions, their quality and clarity decrease, the correctness of the assessment of one's mental potential is distorted, it is overestimated. For example, despite the reality, it seemed to the subjects that they supposedly worked better, and their working capacity increased. But in fact, with small doses of alcohol, the ability to mentally work is reduced by 12-14%, or even by 25%.

The well-known psychiatrist V. M. Banshchikov found that an hour after taking 100 grams of alcohol, the reaction time to auditory and visual sensations increases one and a half times. At low doses of alcohol, the reaction rate increases for a short time, but its quality decreases.

With a blood alcohol content of 0.6-0.8% o, most drivers cannot ensure reliable control of their vehicle, and at 1.2% they show external signs of intoxication. In those who have drunk a little, you will not find outward signs of intoxication, but their subtle mental functions are still violated: speed of reaction, resourcefulness, quick wits, and this can lead to traffic accidents, including fatalities.

A little drunk while driving is a dangerous criminal, dangerous for himself, passengers and pedestrians. Scientists who conducted experiments on volunteers convincingly proved that mild intoxication with a blood alcohol content of 0.15-0.25 g per 1 kg of weight leads to a disorder in the reaction to visual and color sensations. In 20% of the subjects, this reaction slowed down, and in 15 the functions of deep vision were impaired, that is, the ability to determine distant objects and distances to them decreased. This is especially important when driving various modes of transport. Light perception is reduced, the ability to distinguish colors (especially red), which is very convincingly proven.

It has also been proven that under the influence of alcohol, the photochemical processes of the retina slow down. May increase sensitivity to bright light.

The headlights of an oncoming car of a drunk driver are blinding for 2-3 seconds, and this may be enough for an accident.

The cause of car accidents, accidents, violations of traffic rules in half of the cases is a state of intoxication. The above facts convincingly point to the significant role of light alcohol intoxication in accidents and catastrophes.

Moderate drunkenness

We can talk about moderate intoxication when alcohol in the blood of the drinker is contained in a concentration of 2%. At the beginning of such intoxication, a good mood appears; all grief, sadness disappear or soften. Intoxicated people cheer up, relax, talk loudly, argue, sing, pester others with questions. During this period, the characterological features of a person are usually exacerbated and perverted. Often drunk people lose their decency, conscience, sense of proportion, human dignity. Others become dull, become isolated, fall asleep, they do not have an elevated state.

Often drunks are prone to inexplicable, impulsive acts, start fights, inflict bodily harm on themselves or others, threaten to open the gas or in another way “settle accounts” with everyone in the apartment with them.

It happens that when drunk, the character changes: rude people become soft, affectionate, and always calm - irritable, capable of debauchery. With an increase in alcohol consumption, their speech becomes more incoherent and incomprehensible, they are not able to think rationally. Attention and memory are drastically reduced. They talk to themselves or even to objects. Mental excitement is replaced by oppression. The coordination of movement is disturbed, the gait is uncertain, swaying.

Alcohol intoxication is dangerous for the life of the intoxicated. There have been cases of death from suffocation by vomit that has entered the respiratory tract. There are known facts of cardiac arrhythmia, heart attacks in previously healthy people.

With this degree of intoxication (the concentration of alcohol in the blood is 4.5-5%), a coma occurs (for those who are not accustomed to alcohol, even a smaller dose causes it). Blood alcohol concentrations of 5.5-9% and above are usually fatal. Alcoholic coma is an unconscious state. It happens that it is preceded by a short-term excitement.

Already the appearance of a person poisoned by alcohol speaks of the severity of his condition. He does not hear, does not respond to pain and other irritations. The complexion at the same time, at first purple-red, gradually turns pale, the skin of the body becomes cold, sticky, wet. Body temperature drops by 1-2 degrees.

Cases of a decrease in body temperature to 33 degrees are known. The pupils of a drunk are constricted, and with the growth and deepening of the coma, they expand. There is a slight trembling of the eyeballs when they are taken to the right or left (nystagmus). Pulse of weak filling, quickened. Blood pressure drops. Breathing slows down, becomes hoarse, sometimes with gurgling in the tracheal area, periodic breathing is often observed, that is, the patient takes a few breaths and then the breath stops, in order to reappear in the form of several breaths, etc., that is, poisoned by alcohol breathes with long pauses.

The face and legs of a severely intoxicated person become bluish. Sometimes there are convulsive twitching of muscles, spasm of the larynx. With symptoms of cardiovascular insufficiency in severe cases of alcoholic coma, death occurs from respiratory arrest.

In milder cases and, of course, when appropriate medical care is provided to alcoholics, a deep unconscious state passes into sleep, after which, after 8-12 hours, or even longer, drunk people regain consciousness, wake up, and the impaired functions of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, thermoregulation gradually normalize.

Alcoholic coma should be distinguished from comatose states of other origin, because the smell of alcohol in the exhaled air is not always a reliable sign of the true nature of this severe, life-threatening condition. It should be remembered that drunks can have severe head bruises, cerebrovascular accident, diabetic coma, uremia, when appropriate ambulance or emergency care is needed.

Pathological intoxication

In some cases, fortunately very rare, a drunkard may experience pathological intoxication, which usually does not depend on the quantity and quality of alcohol taken, because it happens even after a small amount of alcohol taken. Favorable ground for its occurrence are: overwork, staying in hot, poorly ventilated rooms, a condition after suffering serious illnesses or head injuries, insomnia, excitement, severe shocks, etc.

Pathological intoxication is manifested by a clouding of consciousness, fear, anxiety, anger, anger, and rage seize the drunk. Fear is sometimes unaccountable, sometimes associated with various kinds of fears, experiences. It is characteristic that in such people the euphoria characteristic of the initial degree of intoxication is usually not observed. Often they take their friends with whom they just had a drink or table neighbors as their own. sworn enemies, without any motives attack them, sometimes committing the gravest crimes. They often see different faces, they hear menacing voices, sometimes making suicide attempts under the influence of frightening hallucinations and delusional ideas.

It happens that pathological intoxication develops after a short sleep.

Automatism is also observed, when a drunk person, as it were, loses consciousness, for some time (hours, or even days), then he acts completely automatically. Externally, such people are no different from ordinary people, and their morbid condition is not detected in any way. Sometimes they make aimless journeys and come to consciousness, being somewhere in an unfamiliar place or even in another city, with absolutely no idea how they got there.

In alcohol intoxication, crimes are often committed due to the weakening of social inhibitory reactions and higher regulatory mechanisms, as a result of increased excitability, resentment, intolerance, weakening of criticism and control over one's behavior.

The legislation does not soften the punishment for committing crimes while intoxicated. The mere appearance of a drunk on the streets and in other public places entails a fine. The state of intoxication of the driver at the wheel aggravates his guilt. All this is quite justified, because those who committed the crime while drunk themselves voluntarily introduced themselves into such a state.

There is a so-called rate of per mille of alcohol in the blood, having learned which, a person will understand whether he can drive and what stage of intoxication he is in. The unit ppm measures the amount of pure alcohol in a person's blood after drinking alcohol. To determine its value, you can use special formulas and tables.

Degrees of intoxication in ppm

A table by which you can determine the stage of intoxication in ppm should be used simultaneously with formulas that will help you independently calculate the content of pure alcohol in the blood after taking alcoholic beverages. When using the table, it should be taken into account that the indicators are influenced by factors such as the age of the researcher, his gender, general health, the presence or absence of chronic diseases.

Deciphering the level of ppm in the blood according to the table:

Signs of alcohol intoxication

When alcohol enters the bloodstream, certain signs are observed that may serve as a reason to send, for example, a driver for a medical examination. Signs of alcohol intoxication include:

1. A strong smell of alcohol emanates from the person's mouth. Moreover, even the most powerful modern means cannot get rid of it, therefore, with such aromas, it is categorically not recommended to drive.
2. The posture of a person after drinking alcohol becomes unstable, and the gait becomes uncertain. This sign is classified as a violation of coordination of movement.
3. There is trembling of the upper extremities or only the fingers on the hands.
4. Neurological disorders are clearly visible - a person begins to talk too loudly, his speech will be unintelligible. The use of alcohol leads to an incorrect assessment of the environment, a person becomes aggressive, and may demonstrate unnatural behavior.

Calculation of ppm blood alcohol

This value can be calculated using several formulas. It is important to remember that with such a study, only the level of alcohol content can be established, but not the time of drinking. Another important point: an equal volume of alcoholic beverages of different strengths will “give out” a different content of pure alcohol. For example, half a liter of vodka and the same amount of beer will give different results: in the first case, a person will have severe intoxication and alcohol poisoning, and in the second, a slight intoxication that will pass in a couple of hours.

Widmark formula

This formula is by far the most common and frequently used:

C \u003d A / m * r

C is the value of the total concentration of pure alcohol in the blood

A - the mass of alcohol, which is expressed in grams (it is necessary to convert the volume drunk into mass)

M - the total body weight of the patient (his weight)

r is the Widmark coefficient: for women it is 0.6, and for men it is 0.7.

Note:if you want to calculate the total amount of alcohol. which was drunk the day before, then you should use the formula A \u003d s * m *r.

Dubrovsky formula

You can determine the amount of alcohol in the blood and according to the exhaled air, using the special Dubrovsky formula:

WITH air = C eau * K1* e( K2 *T)

C eau - liquid, represents the level of alcohol concentration in the liquid

C air is the concentration of alcohol in exhaled vapor

K1 - the value of a constant value equal to 0.04145

K2 is the value of a constant value equal to 0.06583

K2 * T - a special power of the number "e"

T is the temperature value.

The formula is used only by specialists, but you can apply it yourself. For example, if the temperature of the exhaled vapors is 35 degrees, then the following value is obtained:

0.3*1/2100=0.15 mg/l.

This calculation formula is used when there is a breathalyzer of any type, from the simplest to complex devices that make it possible to obtain certain data.

Calculation without a calculator

C = A / (P * r) - b60 * T

C - concentration of alcohol

A - the amount of alcohol drunk before in grams (the volume must simply be multiplied by the density - 0.79384)

P - body weight

r is a reduction unit that shows the proportion of alcohol that enters the bloodstream. For men and women, this value is different, for women it is 0.55, and for men - 0.68

b60 - the value by which the concentration of alcohol decreases in 1 hour. It is at the level of 0.1-0.16 g/l

T is the time that has passed since drinking alcohol.

To make it clearer, here is an example of a simple calculation based on the following available data:

A \u003d 0.4 * 100 ml * 0.7484 \u003d 31.936 g

N = 2 hours

r=0.68

P = 80 kg

r=0.68

b60 = 0.13.

The result will be the following answer: C \u003d 31.936 / (038 * 80) \u003d 0.3270588 ‰ or 0.33‰. This ppm indicator means that the man is still intoxicated, his reaction is slightly inhibited, and it is better for him not to drive.

The given tables for calculating blood alcohol per mille can also be used at home, this will help determine whether it is possible to drive a car in a disputable situation. But you need to know the number of ppm that are allowed when driving a vehicle - these data will be individual for each country. In Russia since 2013 allowable rate alcohol while driving was 0.16 ppm in exhaled air and 0.35 in blood.