Aslan Maskhadov: biography, history and interesting facts. Aslan Alievich Maskhadov's son Anzor is dedicated to the memory of Aslan Maskhadov

The territory of the Chechen Republic was left devastated by its self-proclaimed President Aslan Maskhadov. History claims that the troubles that befell the Chechen people did not happen without the participation of this politician. Maskhadov and his duet caused a lot of grief to the Russians: it is believed that he was involved in the terrorist attacks on Dubrovka and Beslan. However, the figure was never officially recognized as a terrorist.

Childhood and youth

Aslan Alievich Maskhadov was born on September 21, 1951 in the village of Shokai, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, into a family of deported Chechens. In addition to Aslan, the parents raised 5 children - sons Lechu, Aslambek and Lema, daughters Bucha and Zhovzan.

Aslan Maskhadov with his parents and grandmother

In 1957, after the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Maskhadovs returned to their native land and settled in the village of Zebir-Yurt in the Nadterechny region. Here, in 1968, Aslan received a diploma of secondary education.

Aslan Maskhadov wanted to become a military man in order to help his fatherland cope with external aggressors. For this reason, in 1969, the young man entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School, and in 1972, after receiving his diploma, he went to serve in the Far Eastern Military District. Over the course of 6 years of service, he rapidly moved up the career ladder, rising to the rank of deputy commander of an artillery battalion.

The Order “For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR” received in the army helped Aslan enter the Leningrad Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy out of competition in 1978. In an interview with the Komsomolskaya Pravda newspaper, Maskhadov’s classmate described him as follows:

“I didn’t aspire to become a commander. He was not a zealous Muslim and did not read the Koran. Loved to drink."

Graduated from Aslan Academy with honors. Memories of colleagues and classmates about Maskhadov make up the book “Honor is more valuable than life.” The collection, in addition to articles and letters, includes photographs from family and military archives.

Military service and government activities

Even in his youth, Maskhadov aspired to leadership. The artillery regiment under his command in Hungary was repeatedly awarded the Red Banner of the Military Council for conscientious service. Tactical and combat skills allowed him to rise to the rank of colonel by 1992.

With the collapse of the USSR, the situation between the once friendly republics worsened. Newly formed states and republics that failed to secede from Russia fought for territories. One of the largest conflicts was the Chechen wars.

In 1992, the first self-proclaimed president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (CRI), appointed Maskhadov head of the civil defense of Chechnya. During the first Chechen war of 1994-1996, Maskhadov became the chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the ChRI. It was his orders that the militants obeyed when entering battles with Russian troops; the battles for Grozny were fought according to his strategies in 1996.

In 1995, the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation accused Maskhadov of abuse of office, treason and banditry, which was punishable by death. The military leader was put on the wanted list.

Despite the looming threat of imprisonment or even death, in November 1996 Maskhadov announced his intention to run for president of the republic. His opponent in the election race was terrorist Shamil Basayev. In January 1997, Maskhadov was elected head of the CRI by a majority vote (59.3%). Six months later, Shamil Basayev was appointed his “Prime Minister”.

Under Maskhadov, the internal political situation in Chechnya deteriorated significantly. People lived in destroyed cities and villages, without sewerage, electricity or water supply. There was no medical assistance. Due to poor quality products and unsanitary conditions, the republic was mired in disease. Hunger was rampant. Windows and doors were boarded up in kindergartens, schools and universities. Those who had money left to move fled from Chechnya.

The crime rate in the republic has reached a critical limit. Every day people were kidnapped, explosions thundered, fires blazed. Drugs were openly sold, counterfeit bills were circulated, and radical Islam was actively promoted.

Chechen militants carried out armed raids on neighboring Russian regions and recruited young Muslims into their ranks. In the republics North Caucasus For example, in Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, and Kabardino-Balkaria, there was active propaganda of the ideas of separatism and anti-Semitism.

In other words, Maskhadov’s internal policy was aimed at destabilizing Chechen society and inciting hatred against the federal authorities. Thus, the slogan was broadcast on the Kavkaz TV channel:

“We have no equal. We will sweep away everything.
Hold on, Russia - we are coming!

By 1998, the situation was out of Maskhadov’s control: opposition militant groups appeared in the CRI. The largest groups were led by one of the most famous representatives of Chechen terrorists, and his associates Shamil Basayev and Amir ibn al-Khattab.

Maskhadov turned to Russia for help in the fight against crime. The state intervened when Basayev and Khattab invaded Dagestan in August 1999. The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation sent a letter to the President of the Chechen Republic with a proposal to develop a comprehensive approach to eliminating the militants, but he remained aloof from the armed conflict.

When the threat of a second military campaign loomed over the republic, Maskhadov acted with all available methods. He sought support from the leaders of Ingushetia and North Ossetia, accused Russia of worsening the situation in Chechnya, and at the same time declared his intention to become “the most important strategic partner in the North Caucasus” for the state.

Aslan asked for a personal meeting with the Russian Prime Minister, but he decided to immediately launch an operation to eliminate the militants. Federal troops entered the territory of Chechnya on September 30, 1999. The President of the Republic, who had previously sought help in the fight against terrorists, teamed up with the militants of Basayev and Khattab for a war with Russia.

Those who fought on Maskhadov's side were people from Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey and al-Qaeda. Aslan Maskhadov personally led military operations. On October 23, 2002, 916 people were captured in the theater center of Moscow. As a result of the three-day imprisonment and liberation operation, 130 people died. Shamil Basayev took responsibility for what happened.

One of the militants who took part in holding the hostages said that Maskhadov had a hand in preparing the terrorist attack. The President of the Chechen Republic himself denied his involvement and threatened to remove Basayev from his positions as punishment, but did not take concrete action.

On September 1, 2004, the largest terrorist attack in the history of modern Russia occurred: 1,128 people, mostly students from school No. 1 in Beslan, were taken hostage. 314 people, including 186 children, died in this tragedy. Shamil Basayev again claimed responsibility for the attack. On September 17 of the same year, Russia announced that it had evidence of Aslan Maskhadov’s involvement in the terrorist attack. In 2006, North Ossetia named him as one of the masterminds of the attack.

Personal life

Unlike his political career, Aslan Maskhadov’s personal life is not so controversial. In 1972, he married Kusama Yazedovna Semieva. 7 years later, their first child was born - son Anzor, and in 1981 - daughter Fatima.

It is assumed that in 2002, Aslan entered into a second marriage with a native of the village of Iskhoi-Yurt, but there is no reliable information about this.

Death

After the terrorist attack in Beslan, the Russian FSB offered a reward of 300 million rubles for information that would help eliminate Basayev and the self-proclaimed president of the Chechen Republic. In November 2004, the authorities announced the launch of a special operation to capture the terrorists. Aslan Maskhadov died on March 8, 2005 in the Chechen village of Tolstoy-Yurt. There are several versions of the death of the president of the unrecognized Chechnya.

According to official information, on March 8, Maskhadov and his associates planned to blow up the village administration building. On the day of the terrorist attack, the activist was hiding in the basement of the house of his distant relative, where he was discovered by the security services. Explosives were used to capture the state criminal. It is assumed that Maskhadov died from barotrauma.

Later, a gunshot wound was found on Aslan’s body, which became fatal. The results of a ballistic examination showed that the bullet was fired from a Makarov pistol, which belonged to Maskhadov’s nephew and bodyguard Viskhan Khadzhimuratov.

At the trial, the bodyguard was confused in his testimony. One day he confessed to what he had done, citing his uncle’s request to kill him,

“if he is wounded and they try to take him prisoner. He said that if he was captured, he would be bullied like Saddam Hussein.”

According to other testimony, Viskhan lost his creature from the explosion, and when he woke up, Maskhadov had already been killed. The current head of Chechnya suggested that the Russian special services wanted to take the state criminal alive, but

“The guard, apparently making a sudden movement, spontaneously fired.”

Documentary film about Aslan Maskhadov “Illusion”

After the liquidation of Maskhadov, the FSB paid $10 million to an anonymous informant who indicated the time and place of Aslan’s stay. However, his son Anzor told the press that his father independently revealed his location through frequent telephone conversations. The same assumptions were made by Shamil Basayev.

All versions of the death of the Chechen politician, as well as the biographies of those who, side by side with Maskhadov, gradually destroyed the Chechen Republic, are covered in the documentary film “Illusion” (2017).

Field commander and chief of the General Staff of the Chechen Armed Forces during the First Chechen War (1994-1996), President of Ichkeria (1997-2005), head of the Chechen Defense Committee during the Second Chechen War.

Biography

Aslan (Oslan Alievich) Maskhadov was born on September 21, 1951 in the village of Shakai Osakarovsky district, Karaganda regionKazakh SSR in a family of deported Chechens. Comes from the Alleroy teip. In 1957 he returned with his parents to Chechnya, to the village of Zebir-Yurt in the Nadterechny district .

In 1969 he entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery School, from which he graduated in 1972. In 1981 he graduated with honors from the Leningrad Higher Artillery School named after M.I. Kalinin.

From 1972 to 1978, Alan Maskhadov commanded a platoon, then was a battery commander, and chief of staff of a division in the Far East. In 1981-1986 he served in the Southern Group of Forces in Hungary (Szeged), then from 1986 in the Baltic Military District - first as commander of a self-propelled artillery regiment, and in the fall of 1990 he became chief of staff missile forces and artillery of the Vilnius garrison and deputy commander of the 7th division (Uskhopchik). In January 1991, he took part in the Vilnius events (the capture of the TV tower by Soviet troops).

Aslan Maskhadov was the chairman of the division's officers' meeting. As a result of a conflict with the new division commander Frolov, on the eve of the division's transfer to the Leningrad Military District in the fall of 1992, he submitted his resignation. He retired with the rank of colonel. During his service in the Soviet Army, he was awarded two orders "For Service to the Motherland".

Combat commander of Ichkeria

In November 1992, Aslan Maskhadov returned to Chechnya. From the end of 1992 to November 1993, he headed the civil defense of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (CRI).

In the summer of 1993, he participated in raids against the anti-Dudaev opposition in the Urus-Martan, Nadterechny and Gudermes regions. Since November 1993 (after the unsuccessful anti-Dudaev rebellion, which resulted in the removal of the chief of the main staff of the armed forces Viskhan Shakhabov), Aslan Maskhadov served as the acting chief of the main headquarters of Ichkeria. In March 1994, he was appointed chief of the main staff.

In December 1994 - January 1995, Maskhadov headed the defense of the presidential palace in Grozny, being the first deputy chairman of the State Defense Council of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (the chairman of the State Defense Council was President Dzhokhar Dudayev) and continuing to hold the post of chief of the main staff.

In February 1995, Dudayev awarded Maskhadov the rank of division general.

Since June 1995, he took part (as part of the delegation of the Dzhokhar Dudayev administration) in negotiations on the peaceful resolution of the crisis in Ichkeria in Grozny, head of the working commission on a block of military issues. In June 1996, at negotiations in Nazran (Ingushetia), on behalf of the leadership of Ichkeria, he signed the Protocol of the meeting of the commission for negotiations on a ceasefire, hostilities and measures to resolve the armed conflict on the territory of Ichkeria. In August 1996, after the occupation of Grozny by Chechen troops, he repeatedly negotiated with Alexander Lebed, which led to the signing of the Khasavyurt agreements on August 31, 1996.

On October 17, 1996, he was appointed Prime Minister of Ichkeria, simultaneously holding the posts of Minister of Defense and Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.

As President of Ichkeria

On December 3, 1996, he nominated himself for the post of President of Ichkeria. Vakha Arsanov ran as a candidate for the post of vice president. On January 26, 1997, he won the presidential elections in Ichkeria, gaining 59.1% of the votes. He took office after his inauguration on February 12, 1997. At the same time, he took over the post of Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers and, while remaining commander-in-chief of all the armed forces of the republic, abolished the post of Minister of Defense, which he had held since the end of 1996.

In January 1997, he changed his name from Aslan to Khalid (since the name Aslan is not Muslim).

In October 1997, he asked the Chechen parliament to grant it special powers for a period of two years - the right to fully or partially suspend “regulatory legal acts” in force in Ichkeria, appoint and dismiss officials of state power and management bodies, issue “decrees and orders, not contradicting the sovereignty and independence of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria." In January 1998, parliament refused the president's request.

On February 3, 1999, by his decree he introduced “full Sharia rule” in Ichkeria, suspended the legislative activities of the parliament, and abolished the post of vice president (dismissing Vakha Arsanov). He created the State Commission for the development of the Sharia Constitution, headed by the Minister of Information, Culture and Communications Akhmed Zakayev, and formed the State Council of Ichkeria - the new highest legislative body. He included opposition leaders Shamil Basayev, Ruslan Gelayev, Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov, and former President Zelimkhan Yandarbiev in the State Council, who, however, refused to accept these appointments.

On February 9, 1999, at its first meeting, the State Council confirmed Maskhadov's powers as head of state and elected him as its chairman.

On March 21 and April 10, 1999, unsuccessful attempts were made on the life of Alan Maskhadov using anti-tank shells and high-explosive bombs.

After the invasion of Shamil Basayev’s militants into Dagestan in the summer of 1999, he condemned this invasion. With the beginning of the second Chechen war, Aslan Maskhadov, with whom the Russian authorities broke off relations, is the chairman of the State Defense Committee of Ichkeria. After the capture of Grozny by Russian troops, Alan Maskhadov went underground.

On February 18, 2000, Maskhadov was accused Russian prosecutor's office in organizing and participating in an armed rebellion. A criminal case was initiated against him under Article 279 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Maskhadov was also charged with organizing illegal armed groups and encroaching on the lives of law enforcement officers; he was put on the federal wanted list, and in 2002, on the international wanted list. In February 2005, the Russian Prosecutor General's Office brought new charges against Alan Maskhadov for an armed attack on Ingushetia and Grozny in the summer of 2004, including hostage-taking in Beslan. Maskhadov himself in September 2004 declared his non-involvement in the seizure of a school in the North Ossetian city of Beslan and condemned this bloody terrorist attack.

On January 27, 2001, the new official Chechen authorities (Akhmat Kadyrov, Bislan Gantamirov) announced that the legitimate term of Maskhadov's presidency had ended. Maskhadov himself refused to agree with this, arguing that, according to the Chechen constitution, he was elected for five years, and, in addition, his powers were automatically extended for the duration of hostilities.

Death

On March 8, 2005, the second president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, Aslan Maskhadov, was killed as a result of a military special operation carried out by special forces of the Russian Federal Security Service in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, Grozny region of Chechnya.

Family status

Married since the age of 17, his wife is Kusama, a teacher by training. There is a son Anzor and a daughter Fatima. Anzor took part in the fighting in the first war. On May 4, 1994, a grandson was born, who was named Shamil - in honor of Shamil Basayev. There is a granddaughter.

Interviews and books by Aslan Maskhadov

1. Express Chronicle, 02.26.2000, 8 (611).
2. Interview with Aslan Maskhadov // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 03/18/2000.
3. Aslan Maskhadov: I have suspended hostilities // Kommersant, 03/21/2000.
4. The Russian army is a great army, and we must make sure that it does not disgrace it again // Kommersant, 09/22/2000.
5. Nobody is going to flee Chechnya // Kommersant, 01/27/2001.
6. Aslan Maskhadov is ready to apologize to his people // Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 02.28.2001.
7. Maskhadov parle // Le Monde, 10/29/2000 (translation into Russian: Maskhadov speaks // Kommersant, 11/01/2000.)
8. I have repeatedly suggested to Putin to stop this senseless war for Russia // Maskhadov.com, March 2005.
9. Maskhadov A. Honor is more valuable than life. Grozny, 1997.

Notes

1. Aslan Alievich Maskhadov // Pseudologiya, 03/12/2005.
2. They got it from under Chechnya // Kommersant-Vlast, 03/14/2005.
3. The Soviet army during the Cold War (1946-1991). Tomsk: Publishing house Tom. University, 2004.
4. The leader of the militants suppressed the uprising in Lithuania // Komsomolskaya Pravda, 03/10/2005.
5. Maskhadov: from Vilnius to Grozny // BBC, Russian Service, 12/18/2001.

Aslan Maskhadov was directly involved in organizing armed groups in the 1990s. During the 1st Chechen War, he headed the headquarters of these formations. In 1997-2005 he was president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Killed by FSB special forces on March 8, 2005.

Beginning of the biography

Maskhadov’s birthplace is Kazakhstan, Karaganda region, Oskarovsky district, Shakai village. In 1944, his entire family, who had come from the Alleroy teip in Chechnya, was deported there. His father's name is Ali. Aslan had three brothers and two sisters.

Only in 1957 was the family able to return to Chechnya. They began to live in the village of Zebir-Yurt in the Nadterechny region. In 1968, Aslan graduated from a ten-year school in the village of Nadterechny.

Military career

In 1969, Aslan Maskhadov entered the artillery school in Tbilisi, from which he graduated in 1972. Then his military career develops as follows:

1. 1972-1978 - service near Ussuriysk in the Far Eastern Military District, where he rose to the position of chief of staff of an artillery division.
2. 1978-1981 - studied in Leningrad at the Military Artillery Academy named after. Kalinina. He graduated with honors and was sent to the southern group of forces in Hungary, where his last position was as regimental commander.
3. Since 1986 - command of a regiment in the Baltic states.
4. In 1990 - chief of artillery in the division, secretary of the party committee and chairman of the officers' meeting.
5. Since 1991 - command of the headquarters of the missile and artillery forces in Vilnius. He held the rank of colonel on the date of his discharge from the army.

Chief of staff

In December 1992, when the situation on the border between Ingushetia and Chechnya worsened, Maskhadov resigned and came to the city of Grozny. Dzhokhar Dudayev appoints him head of civil defense in Chechnya. Soon after this, he becomes the first deputy chief of the General Staff in the armed forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. The continuation of Maskhadov’s military career is as follows:

• 1993-1994 - leadership of military operations directed against the anti-Dudaev opposition;
• 1994, March - appointment as chief of the general staff in the armed forces of the ChRI;
• 1994-1996 (1st Chechen War) - planning and leadership of major militant operations - combat and sabotage;
• late 1994 - early 1995 - leadership of the defense of the Presidential Palace in Grozny;
• February 1995 - Dudayev assigned the non-existent rank of division general.

Criminal proceedings

From August to December 1995, Aslan Maskhadov was at the head of a group of military representatives included in the separatist delegation in negotiations with the federal government. He is then appointed to a special oversight commission as its co-chairman.

On August 6, 1966, under his leadership, Operation Jihad was developed and carried out, during which militants attacked Grozny, as well as Gudermes and Argun.

In March 1995, the Russian Prosecutor's Office opened a criminal case against Maskhadov, and he was put on the wanted list. Nevertheless, in 1995 and 1996, he more than once took part in negotiations with the Russian authorities. On August 31, 1995, he signed the Khasavyurt Agreements on the Chechen side.

Presidential term of Aslan Maskhadov

On October 17, 1996, he becomes prime minister in the coalition government of Chechnya. November 23, 1996 signs an agreement with Chernomyrdin, Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. It is devoted to the principles of relations between the Chechen Republic of Ichryssia and the federal center. On January 27, 1997, Maskhadov, who received 59.3% of the votes, was elected president of Chechnya. In February he also becomes chairman of the government.

On May 12, 1997, in Moscow, Russian President Yeltsin and Maskhadov sign a peace treaty. According to historians, while serving as president, Maskhadov turned out to be incapable of consolidating Chechen society. They supported exclusively the armed minority and rejected cooperation with centrists and forces loyal to Russia.

In the fall of 1998, the president was accused by Raduev, Israpilov and Basayev of colluding with Moscow, and they demanded his resignation. In response, Basayev's government was dismissed. As a result of the conflict with field commanders Maskhadov, control was lost over the vast territory outside Grozny.

Going underground

After Russian troops were brought into Chechnya, Maskhadov became the head of the armed resistance. In March 2000, the Russian authorities once again put him on the federal wanted list, and in 2002 - on the international wanted list. Until 2002, Maskhadov with a small detachment was in the mountains. In 2002, the separatists, at a meeting of field commanders, decided to create a unified command, which would be given full power for the duration of the war. For this purpose, amendments were made to the constitution of Chechnya.

Aslan Maskhadov, having lost his support among the militants and the population, remained only the elected leader of the separatists, with whom the Russian leadership, in the opinion of the foreign public, could negotiate. Many of his supporters could not withstand the hardships of the guerrilla war and surrendered to the federal authorities, ceasing open resistance.

Question about involvement in terrorist attacks

From time to time, information appeared that disagreements arose between Maskhadov and such leaders of the radical wing as Basayev and Umarov over methods of armed struggle. Allegedly, the first does not support hostage-taking actions and bombings of residential buildings, which led to the death of civilians of the Russian Federation.

In November 2002, although after a certain pause, he condemned the terrorist attack that occurred on Dubrovka. He announced that a criminal case had been opened against Basayev for this terrorist attack and threatened to remove the latter from his post. However, they took no significant action. Immediately after Basayev announced that he was responsible for the atrocity, he resigned on his own. However, at the same time, he also lived in Chechnya, and Maskhadov silently agreed with this.

After the terrorist attack, the Russian leadership refused any contacts with Maskhadov, accusing him of involvement in the action.

During the terrorist attack in Beslan, for which Shamil Basayev declared himself responsible, the President of North Ossetia A. Dzasokhov (through A. Zakaev) asked Maskhadov for assistance.

On September 2, 2004, A. Zakaev reported on behalf of Maskhadov to the France-Presse news agency that he was ready to fly to Beslan and take measures to free the hostages. But at the same time he must receive guarantees of his immunity.

On the morning of September 3, 2004, Maskhadov made a personal statement condemning the terrorist attack. At noon an agreement was reached with Dzasokhov. It was planned to arrive on the same day if personal guarantees were provided by the President of Chechnya. After two explosions, the assault began (May 13).

Evidence of involvement

Five months after the terrorist attack in Beslan, Basayev was reinstated by Maskhadov as military emir. In 2006, the Supreme Court of North Ossetia recognized the latter as one of the customers of the terrorist attack.

On September 8, 2004, the FSB announced a payment of 300 million rubles for information that could help neutralize the leaders of gangs - Aslan Maskhadov and Shamil Basayev.

On September 17, 2004, Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation V. Kolesnikov made a statement that the Prosecutor General’s Office has evidence of Maskhadov’s involvement in the terrorist attack committed in Beslan. This was the result of an objective investigation. At the same time, Kolesnikov called Maskhadov a subhuman.

On November 25, 2004, the Russian authorities announced that a special intelligence service was engaged in the capture of the two main Chechen terrorists. It is part of the counter-terrorism group of troops located in the North Caucasus. It combines the efforts of such departments as the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB and military intelligence (GRU).

On January 14, 2005, Maskhadov made another attempt to resolve the Chechen conflict peacefully. He signed an order that suspended (for February) the offensive in Chechnya and beyond. This was done unilaterally. For the first time it was published in the media.

On February 3, 2005, in pursuance of this order, Basayev also ordered his subordinates to interrupt offensive operations until February 22.

Liquidation of Aslan Maskhadov

On March 8, 2005, he was killed during a special operation that was carried out in the Grozny rural region, in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, by the FSB. There he was hiding with his distant relative in a bunker located under the house. During the assault on the bunker, they were met with resistance, and the commandos were forced to throw several grenades into the bunker. Their rupture led to the fatal wound of Maskhadov.

During the special operation, his personal assistant, nephew and two other people were detained. All of them received different terms of imprisonment for illegally carrying weapons and for participating in gangs.

According to the son of Aslan Alievich Maskhadov, Anzor, Russian special services managed to calculate the location of his father using special equipment that determines the coordinates of a mobile phone using the IMEI code.

The village of Tolstoy-Yurt, which the Chechens call Doykur-Evl, is the ancestral village of Ruslan Khasbulatov. It has always been considered as the center of the anti-Dudaev, and later anti-Maskhadov coalition. After the start of the 2nd war, in 1999, many of Maskhadov’s fellow countrymen and relatives moved there from the Nozhai-Yurt region.

According to the version expressed by the Chechen Mujahideen, the death of Aslan Alievich Maskhadov occurred as a result of betrayal. And there is indirect confirmation of this, which lies in the message that was made by the FSB Public Relations Center on March 15, 2005. It spoke of paying a reward in the amount of $1 million “for Maskhadov.” However, it was not reported to whom they were paid.

Family and awards

In 1972, Maskhadov married Kusama Semieva, a telephone operator. In 1979, they had a son, who was mentioned above. He left behind Aslan Alievich Maskhadov and his daughter Fatima, born in 1981. After some time, the couple divorced, and Aslan took as his wife a young girl from the village of Iskhoi-Yurt.

At the end of 2004, there was talk of the abduction of distant relatives of Maskhadov. They, according to rumors, at some point were located at the base of the Security Service of the President of Chechnya R. Kadyrov, located in the southeast of the republic, in his ancestral village of Tsentaroy.

After Maskhadov’s death, his family lives in Finland. And his ex-wife, Kusama, returned to Chechnya in 2016.

Among Aslan Maskhadov’s awards are the Order “For Service in the USSR Armed Forces” of two degrees, 2nd and 3rd, as well as the highest order of Ichkeria called “Honor of the Nation”.

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An excerpt characterizing Maskhadov, Aslan Alievich

“I’ll show you, I’ll show you, it’s not a secret.” And you will be grateful for the horse.
“So I’ll order the horse to be brought,” said Rostov, wanting to get rid of Telyanin, and went out to order the horse to be brought.
In the entryway, Denisov, holding a pipe, huddled on the threshold, sat in front of the sergeant, who was reporting something. Seeing Rostov, Denisov winced and, pointing over his shoulder with his thumb into the room in which Telyanin was sitting, winced and shook with disgust.
“Oh, I don’t like the fellow,” he said, not embarrassed by the sergeant’s presence.
Rostov shrugged his shoulders, as if saying: “Me too, but what can I do!” and, having given orders, returned to Telyanin.
Telyanin was still sitting in the same lazy position in which Rostov had left him, rubbing his small white hands.
“There are such nasty faces,” Rostov thought as he entered the room.
- Well, did they tell you to bring the horse? - Telyanin said, getting up and looking around casually.
- I ordered it.
- Let's go on our own. I just came in to ask Denisov about yesterday’s order. Got it, Denisov?
- Not yet. Where are you going?
“I want to teach a young man how to shoe a horse,” said Telyanin.
They went out onto the porch and into the stables. The lieutenant showed how to make a rivet and went home.
When Rostov returned, there was a bottle of vodka and sausage on the table. Denisov sat in front of the table and cracked his pen on paper. He looked gloomily into Rostov's face.
“I’m writing to her,” he said.
He leaned his elbows on the table with a pen in his hand, and, obviously delighted at the opportunity to quickly say in words everything he wanted to write, expressed his letter to Rostov.
“You see, dg,” he said. “We sleep until we love. We are children of pg’axa... and I fell in love - and you are God, you are pure, as on the pieties day of creation... Who else is this? Drive him to Chog’tu. There’s no time!” he shouted at Lavrushka, who, without any timidity, approached him.
- Who should be? They ordered it themselves. The sergeant came for the money.
Denisov frowned, wanted to shout something and fell silent.
“Skveg,” but that’s the point,” he said to himself. “How much money is left in the wallet?” he asked Rostov.
– Seven new and three old.
“Oh, skveg” but! Well, why are you standing there, stuffed animals, let’s go to the sergeant,” Denisov shouted at Lavrushka.
“Please, Denisov, take the money from me, because I have it,” Rostov said, blushing.
“I don’t like to borrow from my own people, I don’t like it,” Denisov grumbled.
“And if you don’t take the money from me in a friendly manner, you’ll offend me.” “Really, I have it,” Rostov repeated.
- No.
And Denisov went to the bed to take out his wallet from under the pillow.
- Where did you put it, Rostov?
- Under the bottom pillow.
- No, no.
Denisov threw both pillows onto the floor. There was no wallet.
- What a miracle!
- Wait, didn’t you drop it? - said Rostov, lifting the pillows one by one and shaking them out.
He threw off and shook off the blanket. There was no wallet.
- Have I forgotten? No, I also thought that you were definitely putting a treasure under your head,” said Rostov. - I put my wallet here. Where is he? – he turned to Lavrushka.
- I didn’t go in. Where they put it is where it should be.
- Not really…
– You’re just like that, throw it somewhere, and you’ll forget. Look in your pockets.
“No, if only I hadn’t thought about the treasure,” said Rostov, “otherwise I remember what I put in.”
Lavrushka rummaged through the entire bed, looked under it, under the table, rummaged through the entire room and stopped in the middle of the room. Denisov silently followed Lavrushka’s movements and, when Lavrushka threw up his hands in surprise, saying that he was nowhere, he looked back at Rostov.
- G "ostov, you are not a schoolboy...
Rostov felt Denisov’s gaze on him, raised his eyes and at the same moment lowered them. All his blood, which was trapped somewhere below his throat, poured into his face and eyes. He couldn't catch his breath.
“And there was no one in the room except the lieutenant and yourself.” Here somewhere,” said Lavrushka.
“Well, you little doll, get around, look,” Denisov suddenly shouted, turning purple and throwing himself at the footman with a threatening gesture. “You better have your wallet, otherwise you’ll burn.” Got everyone!
Rostov, looking around Denisov, began to button up his jacket, strapped on his saber and put on his cap.
“I tell you to have a wallet,” Denisov shouted, shaking the orderly by the shoulders and pushing him against the wall.
- Denisov, leave him alone; “I know who took it,” Rostov said, approaching the door and not raising his eyes.
Denisov stopped, thought and, apparently understanding what Rostov was hinting at, grabbed his hand.
“Sigh!” he shouted so that the veins, like ropes, swelled on his neck and forehead. “I’m telling you, you’re crazy, I won’t allow it.” The wallet is here; I'll take the shit out of this mega-dealer, and it will be here.
“I know who took it,” Rostov repeated in a trembling voice and went to the door.
“And I’m telling you, don’t you dare do this,” Denisov shouted, rushing to the cadet to hold him back.
But Rostov snatched his hand away and with such malice, as if Denisov were his greatest enemy, directly and firmly fixed his eyes on him.
- Do you understand what you are saying? - he said in a trembling voice, - there was no one in the room except me. Therefore, if not this, then...
He couldn't finish his sentence and ran out of the room.
“Oh, what’s wrong with you and with everyone,” were the last words that Rostov heard.
Rostov came to Telyanin’s apartment.
“The master is not at home, they have left for headquarters,” Telyanin’s orderly told him. - Or what happened? - added the orderly, surprised at the upset face of the cadet.
- There is nothing.
“We missed it a little,” said the orderly.
The headquarters was located three miles from Salzenek. Rostov, without going home, took a horse and rode to headquarters. In the village occupied by the headquarters there was a tavern frequented by officers. Rostov arrived at the tavern; at the porch he saw Telyanin's horse.
In the second room of the tavern the lieutenant was sitting with a plate of sausages and a bottle of wine.
“Oh, and you’ve stopped by, young man,” he said, smiling and raising his eyebrows high.
“Yes,” said Rostov, as if it took a lot of effort to pronounce this word, and sat down at the next table.
Both were silent; There were two Germans and one Russian officer sitting in the room. Everyone was silent, and the sounds of knives on plates and the lieutenant’s slurping could be heard. When Telyanin finished breakfast, he took a double wallet out of his pocket, pulled apart the rings with his small white fingers curved upward, took out a gold one and, raising his eyebrows, gave the money to the servant.
“Please hurry,” he said.
The gold one was new. Rostov stood up and approached Telyanin.
“Let me see your wallet,” he said in a quiet, barely audible voice.
With darting eyes, but still raised eyebrows, Telyanin handed over the wallet.
“Yes, a nice wallet... Yes... yes...” he said and suddenly turned pale. “Look, young man,” he added.
Rostov took the wallet in his hands and looked at it, and at the money that was in it, and at Telyanin. The lieutenant looked around, as was his habit, and suddenly seemed to become very cheerful.
“If we’re in Vienna, I’ll leave everything there, but now there’s nowhere to put it in these crappy little towns,” he said. - Well, come on, young man, I’ll go.
Rostov was silent.
- What about you? Should I have breakfast too? “They feed me decently,” Telyanin continued. - Come on.
He reached out and grabbed the wallet. Rostov released him. Telyanin took the wallet and began to put it in the pocket of his leggings, and his eyebrows rose casually, and his mouth opened slightly, as if he was saying: “yes, yes, I’m putting my wallet in my pocket, and it’s very simple, and no one cares about it.” .
- Well, what, young man? - he said, sighing and looking into Rostov’s eyes from under raised eyebrows. Some kind of light from the eyes, with the speed of an electric spark, ran from Telyanin’s eyes to Rostov’s eyes and back, back and back, all in an instant.
“Come here,” Rostov said, grabbing Telyanin by the hand. He almost dragged him to the window. “This is Denisov’s money, you took it...” he whispered in his ear.
– What?... What?... How dare you? What?...” said Telyanin.
But these words sounded like a plaintive, desperate cry and a plea for forgiveness. As soon as Rostov heard this sound of the voice, a huge stone of doubt fell from his soul. He felt joy and at the same moment he felt sorry for the unfortunate man standing in front of him; but it was necessary to complete the work begun.
“People here, God knows what they might think,” Telyanin muttered, grabbing his cap and heading into a small empty room, “we need to explain ourselves...
“I know this, and I will prove it,” said Rostov.
- I…
Telyanin's frightened, pale face began to tremble with all its muscles; the eyes were still running, but somewhere below, not rising to Rostov’s face, sobs were heard.
“Count!... don’t ruin the young man... this poor money, take it...” He threw it on the table. – My father is an old man, my mother!...
Rostov took the money, avoiding Telyanin’s gaze, and, without saying a word, left the room. But he stopped at the door and turned back. “My God,” he said with tears in his eyes, “how could you do this?”
“Count,” said Telyanin, approaching the cadet.
“Don’t touch me,” Rostov said, pulling away. - If you need it, take this money. “He threw his wallet at him and ran out of the tavern.

In the evening of the same day, there was a lively conversation between the squadron officers at Denisov’s apartment.
“And I’m telling you, Rostov, that you need to apologize to the regimental commander,” said a tall staff captain with graying hair, a huge mustache and large features of a wrinkled face, turning to the crimson, excited Rostov.
Staff captain Kirsten was demoted to soldier twice for matters of honor and served twice.
– I won’t allow anyone to tell me that I’m lying! - Rostov screamed. “He told me I was lying, and I told him he was lying.” It will remain so. He can assign me to duty every day and put me under arrest, but no one will force me to apologize, because if he, as a regimental commander, considers himself unworthy of giving me satisfaction, then...
- Just wait, father; “Listen to me,” the captain interrupted the headquarters in his bass voice, calmly smoothing his long mustache. - In front of other officers, you tell the regimental commander that the officer stole...
“It’s not my fault that the conversation started in front of other officers.” Maybe I shouldn’t have spoken in front of them, but I’m not a diplomat. Then I joined the hussars, I thought that there was no need for subtleties, but he told me that I was lying... so let him give me satisfaction...
- This is all good, no one thinks that you are a coward, but that’s not the point. Ask Denisov, does this look like something for a cadet to demand satisfaction from the regimental commander?
Denisov, biting his mustache, listened to the conversation with a gloomy look, apparently not wanting to engage in it. When asked by the captain's staff, he shook his head negatively.
“You tell the regimental commander about this dirty trick in front of the officers,” the captain continued. - Bogdanych (the regimental commander was called Bogdanych) besieged you.
- He didn’t besiege him, but said that I was telling a lie.
- Well, yes, and you said something stupid to him, and you need to apologize.
- Never! - Rostov shouted.
“I didn’t think this from you,” the captain said seriously and sternly. “You don’t want to apologize, but you, father, not only before him, but before the entire regiment, before all of us, you are completely to blame.” Here's how: if only you had thought and consulted on how to deal with this matter, otherwise you would have drunk right in front of the officers. What should the regimental commander do now? Should the officer be put on trial and the entire regiment be soiled? Because of one scoundrel, the whole regiment is disgraced? So, what do you think? But in our opinion, not so. And Bogdanich is great, he told you that you are telling lies. It’s unpleasant, but what can you do, father, they attacked you yourself. And now, as they want to hush up the matter, because of some kind of fanaticism you don’t want to apologize, but want to tell everything. You are offended that you are on duty, but why should you apologize to an old and honest officer! No matter what Bogdanich is, he’s still an honest and brave old colonel, it’s such a shame for you; Is it okay for you to dirty the regiment? – The captain’s voice began to tremble. - You, father, have been in the regiment for a week; today here, tomorrow transferred to adjutants somewhere; you don’t care what they say: “there are thieves among the Pavlograd officers!” But we care. So, what, Denisov? Not all the same?
Denisov remained silent and did not move, occasionally glancing at Rostov with his shining black eyes.
“You value your own fanabery, you don’t want to apologize,” the headquarters captain continued, “but for us old men, how we grew up, and even if we die, God willing, we will be brought into the regiment, so the honor of the regiment is dear to us, and Bogdanich knows this.” Oh, what a road, father! And this is not good, not good! Be offended or not, I will always tell the truth. Not good!
And the headquarters captain stood up and turned away from Rostov.
- Pg "avda, chog" take it! - Denisov shouted, jumping up. - Well, G'skeleton! Well!
Rostov, blushing and turning pale, looked first at one officer, then at the other.
- No, gentlemen, no... don’t think... I really understand, you’re wrong to think about me like that... I... for me... I’m for the honor of the regiment. So what? I will show this in practice, and for me the honor of the banner... well, it’s all the same, really, I’m to blame!.. - Tears stood in his eyes. - I’m guilty, I’m guilty all around!... Well, what else do you need?...
“That’s it, Count,” the captain of staff shouted, turning around, hitting him on the shoulder with his big hand.
“I’m telling you,” Denisov shouted, “he’s a nice little guy.”
“That’s better, Count,” the headquarters captain repeated, as if for his recognition they were beginning to call him a title. - Come and apologize, your Excellency, yes sir.
“Gentlemen, I’ll do everything, no one will hear a word from me,” Rostov said in a pleading voice, “but I can’t apologize, by God, I can’t, whatever you want!” How will I apologize, like a little one, asking for forgiveness?
Denisov laughed.
- It's worse for you. Bogdanich is vindictive, you will pay for your stubbornness,” said Kirsten.
- By God, not stubbornness! I can’t describe to you what a feeling, I can’t...
“Well, it’s your choice,” said the headquarters captain. - Well, where did this scoundrel go? – he asked Denisov.
“He said he was sick, and the manager ordered him to be expelled,” Denisov said.
“It’s a disease, there’s no other way to explain it,” said the captain at the headquarters.
“It’s not a disease, but if he doesn’t catch my eye, I’ll kill him!” – Denisov shouted bloodthirstyly.
Zherkov entered the room.
- How are you? - the officers suddenly turned to the newcomer.
- Let's go, gentlemen. Mak surrendered as a prisoner and with the army, completely.
- You're lying!
- I saw it myself.
- How? Have you seen Mack alive? with arms, with legs?
- Hike! Hike! Give him a bottle for such news. How did you get here?
“They sent me back to the regiment again, for the devil’s sake, for Mack.” The Austrian general complained. I congratulated him on Mak’s arrival... Are you from the bathhouse, Rostov?
- Here, brother, we have such a mess for the second day.
The regimental adjutant came in and confirmed the news brought by Zherkov. We were ordered to perform tomorrow.
- Let's go, gentlemen!
- Well, thank God, we stayed too long.

Kutuzov retreated to Vienna, destroying behind him bridges on the rivers Inn (in Braunau) and Traun (in Linz). On October 23, Russian troops crossed the Enns River. Russian convoys, artillery and columns of troops in the middle of the day stretched through the city of Enns, on this side and on the other side of the bridge.
The day was warm, autumn and rainy. The vast perspective that opened up from the elevation where the Russian batteries stood protecting the bridge was suddenly covered with a muslin curtain of slanting rain, then suddenly expanded, and in the light of the sun objects as if covered with varnish became visible far away and clearly. A town could be seen underfoot with its white houses and red roofs, a cathedral and a bridge, on both sides of which masses of Russian troops poured, crowding. At the bend of the Danube one could see ships, an island, and a castle with a park, surrounded by the waters of the Ensa confluence with the Danube; one could see the left rocky bank of the Danube covered with pine forests with the mysterious distance of green peaks and blue gorges. The towers of the monastery were visible, protruding from behind a pine forest that seemed untouched; far ahead on the mountain, on the other side of Ens, enemy patrols could be seen.
Between the guns, at a height, the chief of the rearguard, a general, and a retinue officer stood in front, examining the terrain through a telescope. Somewhat behind, Nesvitsky, sent from the commander-in-chief to the rearguard, sat on the trunk of a gun.
The Cossack accompanying Nesvitsky handed over a handbag and a flask, and Nesvitsky treated the officers to pies and real doppelkümel. The officers joyfully surrounded him, some on their knees, some sitting cross-legged on the wet grass.
- Yes, this Austrian prince was not a fool to build a castle here. Nice place. Why don't you eat, gentlemen? - Nesvitsky said.
“I humbly thank you, prince,” answered one of the officers, enjoying talking with such an important staff official. - Beautiful place. We walked past the park itself, saw two deer, and what a wonderful house!
“Look, prince,” said the other, who really wanted to take another pie, but was ashamed, and who therefore pretended that he was looking around the area, “look, our infantry have already climbed there.” Over there, in the meadow outside the village, three people are dragging something. “They will break through this palace,” he said with visible approval.
“Both,” said Nesvitsky. “No, but what I would like,” he added, chewing the pie in his beautiful, moist mouth, “is to climb up there.”
He pointed to a monastery with towers visible on the mountain. He smiled, his eyes narrowed and lit up.
- But that would be good, gentlemen!
The officers laughed.
- At least scare these nuns. Italians, they say, are young. Really, I would give five years of my life!
“They’re bored,” said the bolder officer, laughing.
Meanwhile, the retinue officer standing in front was pointing something out to the general; the general looked through the telescope.
“Well, so it is, so it is,” the general said angrily, lowering the receiver from his eyes and shrugging his shoulders, “and so it is, they will attack the crossing.” And why are they hanging around there?
On the other side, the enemy and his battery were visible to the naked eye, from which milky white smoke appeared. Following the smoke, a distant shot was heard, and it was clear how our troops hurried to the crossing.
Nesvitsky, puffing, stood up and, smiling, approached the general.
- Would your Excellency like to have a snack? - he said.
“It’s not good,” said the general, without answering him, “our people hesitated.”
– Shouldn’t we go, Your Excellency? - said Nesvitsky.
“Yes, please go,” said the general, repeating what had already been ordered in detail, “and tell the hussars to be the last to cross and light the bridge, as I ordered, and to inspect the flammable materials on the bridge.”
“Very good,” answered Nesvitsky.
He called to the Cossack with the horse, ordered him to remove his purse and flask, and easily threw his heavy body onto the saddle.
“Really, I’ll go see the nuns,” he said to the officers, who looked at him with a smile, and drove along the winding path down the mountain.
- Come on, where will it go, captain, stop it! - said the general, turning to the artilleryman. - Have fun with boredom.
- Servant to the guns! - the officer commanded.
And a minute later the artillerymen ran out cheerfully from the fires and loaded.
- First! - a command was heard.
Number 1 bounced smartly. The gun rang metallic, deafening, and a grenade flew whistling over the heads of all our people under the mountain and, not reaching the enemy, showed with smoke the place of its fall and burst.
The faces of the soldiers and officers brightened at this sound; everyone got up and began observing the clearly visible movements of our troops below and in front of the movements of the approaching enemy. At that very moment the sun completely came out from behind the clouds, and this beautiful sound of a single shot and the shine of the bright sun merged into one cheerful and cheerful impression.

Two enemy cannonballs had already flown over the bridge, and there was a crush on the bridge. In the middle of the bridge, having dismounted from his horse, pressed with his thick body against the railing, stood Prince Nesvitsky.
He, laughing, looked back at his Cossack, who, with two horses in the lead, stood a few steps behind him.
As soon as Prince Nesvitsky wanted to move forward, the soldiers and carts again pressed on him and again pressed him against the railing, and he had no choice but to smile.
- What are you, my brother! - the Cossack said to the Furshtat soldier with the cart, who was pressing on the infantry crowded with the very wheels and horses, - what are you! No, to wait: you see, the general has to pass.
But furshtat, not paying attention to the name of the general, shouted at the soldiers blocking his way: “Hey!” fellow countrymen! keep left, wait! “But the fellow countrymen, crowding shoulder to shoulder, clinging with bayonets and without interruption, moved along the bridge in one continuous mass. Looking down over the railing, Prince Nesvitsky saw the fast, noisy, low waves of Ens, which, merging, rippling and bending around the bridge piles, overtook one another. Looking at the bridge, he saw equally monotonous living waves of soldiers, kutas, shakos with covers, knapsacks, bayonets, long guns and from under the shakos faces with wide cheekbones, sunken cheeks and carefree tired expressions, and moving legs along the sticky mud dragged onto the boards of the bridge . Sometimes, between the monotonous waves of soldiers, like a splash of white foam in the waves of Ens, an officer in a raincoat, with his own physiognomy different from the soldiers, squeezed between the soldiers; sometimes, like a chip winding through a river, a foot hussar, an orderly or a resident was carried across the bridge by waves of infantry; sometimes, like a log floating along the river, surrounded on all sides, a company or officer's cart, piled to the top and covered with leather, floated across the bridge.
“Look, they’ve burst like a dam,” the Cossack said, stopping hopelessly. -Are there many of you still there?
– Melion without one! - a cheerful soldier walking nearby in a torn overcoat said winking and disappeared; another, old soldier walked behind him.
“When he (he is the enemy) begins to fry the taperich on the bridge,” the old soldier said gloomily, turning to his comrade, “you will forget to itch.”
And the soldier passed by. Behind him another soldier rode on a cart.
“Where the hell did you stuff the tucks?” - said the orderly, running after the cart and rummaging in the back.
And this one came with a cart. This was followed by cheerful and apparently drunk soldiers.
“How can he, dear man, blaze with the butt right in the teeth…” one soldier in a high-tucked greatcoat said joyfully, waving his hand widely.
- This is it, sweet ham is that. - answered the other with laughter.
And they passed, so Nesvitsky did not know who was hit in the teeth and what the ham was.
“They’re in such a hurry that he let out a cold one, so you think they’ll kill everyone.” - the non-commissioned officer said angrily and reproachfully.
“As soon as it flies past me, uncle, that cannonball,” said the young soldier, barely restraining laughter, with a huge mouth, “I froze.” Really, by God, I was so scared, it’s a disaster! - said this soldier, as if boasting that he was scared. And this one passed. Following him was a carriage, unlike any that had passed so far. It was a German steam-powered forshpan, loaded, it seemed, with a whole house; tied behind the forshpan that the German was carrying was a beautiful, motley cow with a huge udder. On the feather beds sat a woman with a baby, an old woman and a young, purple-red, healthy German girl. Apparently, these evicted residents were allowed through with special permission. The eyes of all the soldiers turned to the women, and while the cart passed, moving step by step, all the soldiers' comments related only to two women. Almost the same smile of lewd thoughts about this woman was on all their faces.
- Look, the sausage is also removed!
“Sell mother,” another soldier said, emphasizing the last syllable, turning to the German, who, with his eyes downcast, walked angrily and fearfully with wide steps.
- How did you clean up! Damn it!
“If only you could stand with them, Fedotov.”
- You saw it, brother!
- Where are you going? - asked the infantry officer who was eating an apple, also half-smiling and looking at the beautiful girl.
The German, closing his eyes, showed that he did not understand.
“If you want, take it for yourself,” the officer said, handing the girl an apple. The girl smiled and took it. Nesvitsky, like everyone else on the bridge, did not take his eyes off the women until they passed. When they passed, the same soldiers walked again, with the same conversations, and finally everyone stopped. As often happens, at the exit of the bridge the horses in the company cart hesitated, and the entire crowd had to wait.
- And what do they become? There is no order! - said the soldiers. -Where are you going? Damn! There's no need to wait. Worse than that, he will set fire to the bridge. “Look, the officer was locked in too,” the stopped crowds said from different sides, looking at each other, and still huddled forward towards the exit.
Looking under the bridge at the waters of Ens, Nesvitsky suddenly heard a sound that was still new to him, quickly approaching... something big and something plopping into the water.
- Look where it's going! – the soldier standing close said sternly, looking back at the sound.
“He’s encouraging them to pass quickly,” said another restlessly.
The crowd moved again. Nesvitsky realized that it was the core.
- Hey, Cossack, give me the horse! - he said. - Well you! stay away! step aside! way!
With great effort he reached the horse. Still screaming, he moved forward. The soldiers squeezed to give him way, but again they pressed on him again so that they crushed his leg, and those closest were not to blame, because they were pressed even harder.
- Nesvitsky! Nesvitsky! You, madam!” a hoarse voice was heard from behind.
Nesvitsky looked around and saw, fifteen paces away, separated from him by a living mass of moving infantry, red, black, shaggy, with a cap on the back of his head and a brave mantle draped over his shoulder, Vaska Denisov.
“Tell them what to give to the devils,” he shouted. Denisov, apparently in a fit of ardor, shining and moving his coal-black eyes with inflamed whites and waving his unsheathed saber, which he held with a bare little hand as red as his face.
- Eh! Vasya! – Nesvitsky answered joyfully. - What are you talking about?
“Eskadg “onu pg” you can’t go,” shouted Vaska Denisov, angrily opening his white teeth, spurring his beautiful black, bloody Bedouin, who, blinking his ears from the bayonets he bumped into, snorting, spraying foam from the mouthpiece around him, ringing, he beat his hooves on the boards of the bridge and seemed ready to jump over the railings of the bridge if the rider would allow him. - What is this? like bugs! exactly like bugs! Pg "och... give dog" ogu!... Stay there! you're a wagon, chog"t! I'll kill you with a saber! - he shouted, actually taking out his saber and starting to wave it.
The soldiers with frightened faces pressed against each other, and Denisov joined Nesvitsky.
- Why aren’t you drunk today? - Nesvitsky said to Denisov when he drove up to him.
“And they won’t let you get drunk!” answered Vaska Denisov. “They’ve been dragging the regiment here and there all day long. It’s like that, it’s like that. Otherwise, who knows what it is!”
- What a dandy you are today! – Nesvitsky said, looking at his new mantle and saddle pad.
Denisov smiled, took out a handkerchief from his bag, which smelled of perfume, and stuck it in Nesvitsky’s nose.
- I can’t, I’m going to work! I got out, brushed my teeth and put on perfume.
The dignified figure of Nesvitsky, accompanied by a Cossack, and the determination of Denisov, waving his saber and shouting desperately, had such an effect that they squeezed onto the other side of the bridge and stopped the infantry. Nesvitsky found a colonel at the exit, to whom he needed to convey the order, and, having fulfilled his instructions, went back.
Having cleared the road, Denisov stopped at the entrance to the bridge. Casually holding back the stallion rushing towards his own and kicking, he looked at the squadron moving towards him.
Transparent sounds of hooves were heard along the boards of the bridge, as if several horses were galloping, and the squadron, with officers in front, four in a row, stretched out along the bridge and began to emerge on the other side.
The stopped infantry soldiers, crowding in the trampled mud near the bridge, looked at the clean, dapper hussars marching orderly past them with that special unfriendly feeling of alienation and ridicule with which various branches of the army are usually encountered.
- Smart guys! If only it were on Podnovinskoe!
- What good are they? They only drive for show! - said another.
- Infantry, don't dust! - the hussar joked, under which the horse, playing, splashed mud at the infantryman.
“If I had driven you through two marches with your backpack, the laces would have been worn out,” the infantryman said, wiping the dirt from his face with his sleeve; - otherwise it’s not a person, but a bird sitting!
“If only I could put you on a horse, Zikin, if you were agile,” the corporal joked about the thin soldier, bent over from the weight of his backpack.
“Take the club between your legs, and you’ll have a horse,” responded the hussar.

The rest of the infantry hurried across the bridge, forming a funnel at the entrance. Finally, all the carts passed, the crush became less, and the last battalion entered the bridge. Only the hussars of Denisov's squadron remained on the other side of the bridge against the enemy. The enemy, visible in the distance from the opposite mountain, from below, from the bridge, was not yet visible, since from the hollow along which the river flowed, the horizon ended at the opposite elevation no more than half a mile away. Ahead there was a desert, along which here and there groups of our traveling Cossacks were moving. Suddenly, on the opposite hill of the road, troops in blue hoods and artillery appeared. These were the French. The Cossack patrol trotted away downhill. All the officers and men of Denisov’s squadron, although they tried to talk about outsiders and look around, did not stop thinking only about what was there on the mountain, and constantly peered at the spots on the horizon, which they recognized as enemy troops. The weather cleared again in the afternoon, the sun set brightly over the Danube and the dark mountains surrounding it. It was quiet, and from that mountain the sounds of horns and screams of the enemy could occasionally be heard. There was no one between the squadron and the enemies, except for small patrols. An empty space, three hundred fathoms, separated them from him. The enemy stopped shooting, and the more clearly one felt that strict, menacing, impregnable and elusive line that separates the two enemy troops.
“One step beyond this line, reminiscent of the line separating the living from the dead, and - the unknown of suffering and death. And what's there? who's there? there, beyond this field, and the tree, and the roof illuminated by the sun? Nobody knows, and I want to know; and it’s scary to cross this line, and you want to cross it; and you know that sooner or later you will have to cross it and find out what is there on the other side of the line, just as it is inevitable to find out what is there on the other side of death. And he himself is strong, healthy, cheerful and irritated, and surrounded by such healthy and irritably animated people.” So, even if he doesn’t think, every person who is in sight of the enemy feels it, and this feeling gives a special shine and joyful sharpness of impressions to everything that happens in these minutes.
The smoke of a shot appeared on the enemy’s hill, and the cannonball, whistling, flew over the heads of the hussar squadron. The officers standing together went to their places. The hussars carefully began to straighten out their horses. Everything in the squadron fell silent. Everyone looked ahead at the enemy and at the squadron commander, waiting for a command. Another, third cannonball flew by. It is obvious that they were shooting at the hussars; but the cannonball, whistling evenly quickly, flew over the heads of the hussars and struck somewhere behind. The hussars did not look back, but at every sound of a flying cannonball, as if on command, the entire squadron with its monotonously varied faces, holding back its breath while the cannonball flew, rose in its stirrups and fell again. The soldiers, without turning their heads, glanced sideways at each other, curiously looking for the impression of their comrade. On every face, from Denisov to the bugler, one common feature of struggle, irritation and excitement appeared near the lips and chin. The sergeant frowned, looking around at the soldiers, as if threatening punishment. Junker Mironov bent down with each pass of the cannonball. Rostov, standing on the left flank on his leg-touched but visible Grachik, had the happy look of a student summoned before a large audience for an exam in which he was confident that he would excel. He looked clearly and brightly at everyone, as if asking them to pay attention to how calmly he stood under the cannonballs. But in his face, too, the same feature of something new and stern, against his will, appeared near his mouth.
-Who is bowing there? Yunkeg "Mig"ons! Hexog, look at me! - Denisov shouted, unable to stand still and spinning on his horse in front of the squadron.
The snub-nosed and black-haired face of Vaska Denisov and his entire small, beaten figure with his sinewy (with short fingers covered with hair) hand, in which he held the hilt of a drawn saber, was exactly the same as always, especially in the evening, after drinking two bottles. He was only more red than usual and, raising his shaggy head up, like birds when they drink, mercilessly pressing spurs into the sides of the good Bedouin with his small feet, he, as if falling backwards, galloped to the other flank of the squadron and shouted in a hoarse voice to be examined pistols. He drove up to Kirsten. The headquarters captain, on a wide and sedate mare, rode at a pace towards Denisov. The staff captain, with his long mustache, was serious, as always, only his eyes sparkled more than usual.
- What? - he told Denisov, - it won’t come to a fight. You'll see, we'll go back.
“Who knows what they’re doing,” Denisov grumbled. “Ah! G” skeleton! - he shouted to the cadet, noticing his cheerful face. - Well, I waited.
And he smiled approvingly, apparently rejoicing at the cadet.
Rostov felt completely happy. At this time the chief appeared on the bridge. Denisov galloped towards him.
- Your Excellency! Let me attack! I will kill them.
“What kind of attacks are there,” said the chief in a bored voice, wincing as if from a bothersome fly. - And why are you standing here? You see, the flankers are retreating. Lead the squadron back.
The squadron crossed the bridge and escaped the gunfire without losing a single man. Following him, the second squadron, which was in the chain, crossed over, and the last Cossacks cleared that side.
Two squadrons of Pavlograd residents, having crossed the bridge, one after the other, went back to the mountain. Regimental commander Karl Bogdanovich Schubert drove up to Denisov's squadron and rode at a pace not far from Rostov, not paying any attention to him, despite the fact that after the previous clash over Telyanin, they now saw each other for the first time. Rostov, feeling himself at the front in the power of a man before whom he now considered himself guilty, did not take his eyes off the athletic back, blond nape and red neck of the regimental commander. It seemed to Rostov that Bogdanich was only pretending to be inattentive, and that his whole goal now was to test the cadet’s courage, and he straightened up and looked around cheerfully; then it seemed to him that Bogdanich was deliberately riding close to show Rostov his courage. Then he thought that his enemy would now deliberately send a squadron on a desperate attack to punish him, Rostov. It was thought that after the attack he would come up to him and generously extend the hand of reconciliation to him, the wounded man.
Familiar to the people of Pavlograd, with his shoulders raised high, the figure of Zherkov (he had recently left their regiment) approached the regimental commander. Zherkov, after his expulsion from the main headquarters, did not remain in the regiment, saying that he was not a fool to pull the strap at the front, when he was at headquarters, without doing anything, he would receive more awards, and he knew how to find a job as an orderly with Prince Bagration. He came to his former boss with orders from the commander of the rearguard.
“Colonel,” he said with his gloomy seriousness, turning to Rostov’s enemy and looking around at his comrades, “it was ordered to stop and light the bridge.”
- Who ordered? – the colonel asked gloomily.
“I don’t even know, colonel, who ordered it,” the cornet answered seriously, “but the prince ordered me: “Go and tell the colonel so that the hussars come back quickly and light the bridge.”
Following Zherkov, a retinue officer drove up to the hussar colonel with the same order. Following the retinue officer, fat Nesvitsky rode up on a Cossack horse, which was forcibly carrying him at a gallop.
“Well, Colonel,” he shouted while still driving, “I told you to light the bridge, but now someone has misinterpreted it; Everyone there is going crazy, you can’t understand anything.
The colonel slowly stopped the regiment and turned to Nesvitsky:
“You told me about flammable substances,” he said, “but you didn’t tell me anything about lighting things.”
“Why, father,” Nesvitsky said, stopping, taking off his cap and straightening his sweat-wet hair with his plump hand, “how come you didn’t say to light the bridge when the flammable substances were put in?”
“I’m not your “father,” Mr. Staff Officer, and you didn’t tell me to light the bridge! I know the service, and it’s my habit to strictly carry out orders. You said the bridge will be lit, but who will light it, I cannot know with the Holy Spirit...
“Well, it’s always like this,” Nesvitsky said, waving his hand. - How are you here? – he turned to Zherkov.
- Yes, for the same thing. However, you are damp, let me squeeze you out.
“You said, Mr. Staff Officer,” the colonel continued in an offended tone...
“Colonel,” interrupted the retinue officer, “we must hurry, otherwise the enemy will move the guns to the grape shot.”
The colonel silently looked at the retinue officer, at the fat staff officer, at Zherkov and frowned.
“I’ll light the bridge,” he said in a solemn tone, as if expressing that, despite all the troubles being caused to him, he would still do what he had to do.
Hitting the horse with his long muscular legs, as if it were all to blame, the colonel moved forward to the 2nd squadron, the same one in which Rostov served under the command of Denisov, and ordered to return back to the bridge.
“Well, that’s right,” thought Rostov, “he wants to test me!” “His heart sank and the blood rushed to his face. “Let him see if I’m a coward,” he thought.
Again, on all the cheerful faces of the squadron people, that serious feature appeared that was on them while they were standing under the cannonballs. Rostov, without taking his eyes off, looked at his enemy, the regimental commander, wanting to find confirmation of his guesses on his face; but the colonel never looked at Rostov, but looked, as always at the front, strictly and solemnly. A command was heard.
- Alive! Alive! – several voices spoke around him.
Clinging to the reins with their sabers, rattling their spurs and hurrying, the hussars dismounted, not knowing what they would do. The hussars were baptized. Rostov no longer looked at the regimental commander - he had no time. He was afraid, with a sinking heart he was afraid that he might fall behind the hussars. His hand trembled as he handed the horse to the handler, and he felt the blood rushing to his heart. Denisov, falling back and shouting something, drove past him. Rostov saw nothing except the hussars running around him, clinging to their spurs and clanking their sabers.
- Stretcher! – someone’s voice shouted from behind.
Rostov did not think about what the demand for a stretcher meant: he ran, trying only to be ahead of everyone; but at the bridge itself, without looking at his feet, he fell into viscous, trampled mud and, stumbling, fell on his hands. Others ran around him.
“On both sides, captain,” he heard the voice of the regimental commander, who, riding forward, stood on horseback not far from the bridge with a triumphant and cheerful face.
Rostov, wiping his dirty hands on his leggings, looked back at his enemy and wanted to run further, believing that the further he went forward, the better it would be. But Bogdanich, although he did not look and did not recognize Rostov, shouted at him:
- Who is running along the middle of the bridge? On the right side! Juncker, go back! - he shouted angrily and turned to Denisov, who, flaunting his courage, rode on horseback onto the planks of the bridge.
- Why take risks, captain! “You should get down,” said the colonel.
- Eh! he will find the culprit,” answered Vaska Denisov, turning in the saddle.

Meanwhile, Nesvitsky, Zherkov and the retinue officer stood together outside the shots and looked either at this small group of people in yellow shakos, dark green jackets embroidered with strings, and blue leggings, swarming near the bridge, then at the other side, at the blue hoods and groups approaching in the distance with horses, which could easily be recognized as tools.
“Will the bridge be lit or not? Who came first? Will they run up and set fire to the bridge, or will the French drive up with grapeshot and kill them? These questions, with a sinking heart, were involuntarily asked by each of the large number of troops who stood over the bridge and, in the bright evening light, looked at the bridge and the hussars and on the other side, at the moving blue hoods with bayonets and guns.
- Oh! will go to the hussars! - said Nesvitsky, - no further than a grape shot now.
“It was in vain that he led so many people,” said the retinue officer.
“Indeed,” said Nesvitsky. “If only we had sent two young men here, it would have been all the same.”
“Oh, your Excellency,” Zherkov intervened, not taking his eyes off the hussars, but all with his naive manner, due to which it was impossible to guess whether what he was saying was serious or not. - Oh, your Excellency! How do you judge! Send two people, but who will give us Vladimir with a bow? Otherwise, even if they beat you up, you can represent the squadron and receive a bow yourself. Our Bogdanich knows the rules.

Born in the village of Shakai, Osakarovsky district, Karaganda region, Kazakh SSR, where his family was deported in 1944. A native of the Alleroy teip.

In 1957, he and his family returned to Chechnya, to the village of Zebir-Yurt, Nadterechny District, Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In 1968 he graduated from 10th grade of secondary school in the village. Nadterechnoye.

Military career before the start of the Chechen conflict

In 1969 he entered the Tbilisi Higher Artillery School (graduated in 1972). In 1972-1978 he served in the Far Eastern Military District near Ussuriysk. He held the positions of fire platoon commander, battery commander, and chief of staff of an artillery battalion.

In 1978 he entered the Leningrad Military Artillery Academy named after. M.I. Kalinin, from which he graduated with honors in 1981 (according to other sources, he graduated from the Moscow Higher Artillery School. He was sent to the Southern Group of Forces (Tata, Hungary), where he successively held the positions of division commander, chief of staff of the regiment, and then - commander of the 198th self-propelled artillery regiment.

Since 1986 - commander of the 379th self-propelled artillery regiment of the 107th motorized rifle division of the Baltic Military District (Vilnius, Lithuania).

In 1989, the unit under the command of Maskhadov became the first in the division, and in 1990 it was recognized as the best in the Baltic Military District in combat and political training.

In 1990, he was appointed chief of the division’s artillery, elected secretary of the party committee and chairman of the officers’ meeting. Since 1991, he commanded the Headquarters of the Missile Forces and Artillery of the Vilnius Garrison. He served as deputy commander of the 7th Division.

Best of the day

He was awarded two orders “For Service to the Motherland.” At the time of dismissal from Armed Forces USSR had the rank of colonel.

Chief of Staff of Dudayev

In December 1992, after the aggravation of the situation on the border between Chechnya and Ingushetia, Maskhadov resigned and arrived in Grozny, where, by order of Dzhokhar Dudayev, he was appointed head of the Civil Defense of Chechnya, and soon - first deputy chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the ChRI.

In 1993-1994 he led military operations against the anti-Dudaev opposition in the Urus-Martan, Nadterechny and Gudermes regions. In March 1994, by decree of Dudayev, he was appointed chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the ChRI.

During the First Chechen War 1994-1996, he planned and led the majority of major combat and sabotage operations of Chechen militants.

From December 1994 to January 1995, he headed the defense of the Presidential Palace in Grozny. According to Maskhadov's plan, the Chechens allowed Russian tanks into the city center, after which they struck in such a way that the damaged combat vehicles blocked the escape routes for the rest, and then from the upper floors of the houses they shot at the tanks that could not maneuver in the narrow streets. In February 1995, Dudayev awarded Maskhadov the non-existent rank of division general.

In August-October 1995, he led a group of military representatives of the separatist delegation in negotiations with the federal authorities. In accordance with the agreements reached, Maskhadov was appointed co-chairman of the special supervisory commission.

Under the leadership of Maskhadov, an attack by militants on Grozny, Argun and Gudermes on August 6, 1996 (Operation Jihad) was developed and carried out. According to his statement, the operation was undertaken in order to “show the whole world and, above all, Russia, the combat potential of the Armed Forces of the ChRI.”

In March 1995, the prosecutor's office of the Russian Federation opened a criminal case against Maskhadov and put him on the wanted list. Despite this, in 1995 and 1996 he repeatedly participated in negotiations with the Russian authorities, and on August 31, 1996 he signed the Khasavyurt Agreements on behalf of Chechnya.

Perhaps, after the death of Dudayev on April 21, 1996, the top leadership of Russia considered Maskhadov the most acceptable candidate for the post of head of Chechnya. Alexander Lebed, who participated in the negotiations in Khasavyurt from the Russian side, gave Maskhadov flattering characteristics. As a result, it turned out that Maskhadov “outplayed” the Russian side and received everything that Chechnya sought - with the exception of immediate independence.

At the head of Chechnya

On November 23, 1996, he signed an agreement with Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Viktor Chernomyrdin on the principles of relations between the federal center and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.

On November 27, 1996, he announced his decision to run for the post of President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. At Maskhadov's initiative, all candidates had to publicly swear that they would not allow any provocations or offensive methods towards their rivals.

On January 27, 1997, he was elected president of Chechnya, gaining 59.3 percent of the vote (he ran together with Vice President Vakha Arsanov). Since February, he simultaneously took up the post of Prime Minister.

On May 12, 1997, in Moscow, Maskhadov and Russian President Boris Yeltsin signed the “Treaty on Peace and Principles of Relations between Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria"

As historian Zh. Gakaev writes, Maskhadov was unable to consolidate Chechen society, supporting the armed minority and rejecting cooperation with centrist political forces and the modernized part of the population loyal to Russia.

In September 1998, Raduev, Basaev and Israpilov accused Maskhadov of colluding with Moscow, demanding his resignation. In response, Maskhadov dismissed the government of terrorist Shamil Basayev. As a result of the conflict with field commanders, Maskhadov lost control of most of the territory outside Grozny. February 3, 1999. Maskhadov signs a decree introducing Sharia rule in Chechnya “in full.”

Underground

After the entry of Russian troops into Chechnya, Maskhadov led the armed resistance. On March 10, 2000, he was again put on the federal wanted list by the Russian authorities, and in 2002, on the international wanted list.

Until 2002, Maskhadov with a small detachment was located mainly in the mountainous part of Chechnya. In 2002, at a general meeting of all field commanders (“Grand Majlis”), the separatists agreed on a unified command, and the units of the previously opposition terrorist organization “Majlisul Shura” Shamil Basayev and Khattab came under the command of Maskhadov (a new collegial body was formed “ State Committee Defense - Majlisul Shura", to which, according to the adopted amendments to the constitution of the ChRI, all power passed for the duration of the war).

In recent years, Maskhadov has lost his support among the population and militants, formally remaining the elected leader of separatist Chechnya, with whom, in the opinion of the foreign public, the Russian leadership could negotiate a political settlement in the republic. Many of his comrades, unable to withstand the hardships of the guerrilla war, surrendered to the authorities and stopped open resistance. At the same time, reports periodically appeared about disagreements regarding the methods of armed struggle between Maskhadov and the leaders of the radical wing (Shamil Basayev, Doku Umarov). Maskhadov allegedly did not support hostage-taking actions and bombings of residential buildings, which led to the mass death of civilian Russian citizens.

In November 2002, Maskhadov, although after some pause, condemned the terrorist attack on Dubrovka and announced the initiation of a criminal case against Basayev for it, threatening to remove Basayev from office. However, he did not take any significant action. Basayev himself resigned as soon as he took responsibility for Nord-Ost. and continued to remain in Chechnya with the tacit consent of Maskhadov. After the terrorist attack, the Russian leadership announced its refusal to hold any negotiations with Maskhadov, accusing him of involvement in organizing this action.

During the terrorist attack in Beslan, for which Basayev claimed responsibility, Maskhadov (through Akhmed Zakayev) was asked for help by the President of North Ossetia, Alexander Dzasokhov. On the evening of September 2, 2004, Zakayev, on behalf of Maskhadov, told AFP that Maskhadov was ready to fly to Beslan and take measures to free the hostages if Maskhadov was given guarantees of personal integrity. On the morning of September 3, Maskhadov’s personal statement condemning the terrorist attack appeared on the Chechen.org website. At 12:00 an agreement was reached with Dzasokhov to fly Maskhadov on the same day if guarantees of immunity were provided to Maskhadov. At 13:05, after two explosions at the school, the assault began. 5 months after the terrorist attack, Maskhadov restored Basayev to the post of Military Amir of the State Defense Committee-Majlisul Shura of the ChRI. In 2006, Maskhadov was recognized by the Supreme Court of North Ossetia as one of the masterminds of the terrorist attack in Beslan.

On September 8, 2004, the FSB announced that it would pay 300 million rubles for information that would “neutralize the leaders of gangs” Shamil Basayev and Aslan Maskhadov.

On September 17, 2004, Deputy Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Vladimir Kolesnikov stated that the Prosecutor General’s Office has evidence of Maskhadov’s involvement in the terrorist attack in Beslan. “The investigation objectively confirms the role of this subhuman [Basayev] and the so-called president in this crime. This has been proven,” Kolesnikov announced.

On November 25, 2004, Russian authorities announced that a special intelligence service, which operates as part of the counter-terrorism group of troops in the North Caucasus, was engaged in the capture of Maskhadov and Basayev; this service combines the efforts of the FSB, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and military intelligence - the GRU.

On January 14, 2005, Maskhadov, making another attempt at a peaceful settlement of the Chechen conflict, signed an order “On the unilateral suspension of offensive military operations throughout the territory of the Chechen Republic of Ichnia and beyond for the month of February,” which was first published in the media on February 3. In pursuance of Maskhadov's order, Basayev also ordered his subordinate units to cease offensive hostilities until February 22.

Death

On March 8, 2005, Aslan Maskhadov was killed during a special operation by the FSB in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt (Grozny rural district), where he was hiding in an underground bunker under the house of one of his distant relatives. During the storming of the bunker, Maskhadov resisted and the special forces had to throw several grenades into the bunker, from the explosion of which Maskhadov was mortally wounded. Maskhadov’s personal assistant Vakhid Murdashev, Maskhadov’s nephew Viskhan Khadzhimuratov, as well as Skandarbek Yusupov and Ilyas Iriskhanov, who were detained during the special operation, were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment for participating in illegal armed groups and illegally carrying weapons.

According to Maskhadov’s son, Russian special services calculated the location of the President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria using special equipment capable of determining the coordinates of a mobile phone using the IMEI code.

Tolstoy-Yurt (Chechen Doykur-Evl) is the ancestral village of Ruslan Khasbulatov, which has always been considered the center of the anti-Dudaev and then the anti-Maskhadov opposition. After the start of the second war (1999), many of Maskhadov’s fellow countrymen and relatives from the Nozhai-Yurt region moved to Tolstoy-Yurt.

According to the Chechen Mujahideen, Maskhadov died as a result of betrayal. This is indirectly confirmed by a message from the Public Relations Center (PSC) of the FSB of Russia dated March 15, 2005 about a reward of $10 million “for Maskhadov”, paid “in full”, without specifying who received it and for what.

After the death of Aslan Maskhadov, Abdul-Halim Sadulaev was appointed president of the ChRI.

Awards, publications

He was awarded the orders “For Service to the Motherland in the USSR Armed Forces” of the second and third degrees, the highest order of Ichkeria “Honor of the Nation” (Chechen “Koman Siy”).

Family

He left behind a widow, son Anzor and daughter Fatima, living abroad. According to the website kavkaz-uzel.ru, rumors circulated in Chechnya that the kidnapped relatives of Aslan Maskhadov were kept at one of the bases of the Security Service of the President of Chechnya, headed by Ramzan Kadyrov, in his ancestral village of Khosi-Yurt (Tsentoroy) in the south-east of Chechnya.