Examples of inversion of a song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich. Designing lessons based on the “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” (Program G.I.

Mikhail Yurjevich Lermontov

(1814–1841)

Poem “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich,

young guardsman and daring merchant Kalashnikov" (1837)

Composition and plot

Heroes

Paramonovich Kalashnikov	"Stately well done" living according to God's law: “And I was born from an honest father, / And I lived according to the law of the Lord...” Like a Russian hero, he is ready to fight in an open, equal battle. For him, honor and “holy mother truth” are more valuable than life. Kalashnikov does not want to save his life by lying. Ivan Vasilyevich appreciates this. When asked by the Tsar whether he killed the guardsman “willingly or unwillingly,” the merchant fearlessly replies: "I killed him with my own free will." He does not explain the reasons, not wanting to disgrace his wife. Saying goodbye to his brothers, Kalashnikov thinks about his family: “Bow for me to Alena Dmitrevna, Order her to be less sad, Don’t tell my kids about me.” And after death, good people do not forget his grave: "An old man will pass by- cross himself, Well done- will become dignified; A girl will pass by- will become sad And the guslarians will pass by- sing a song."
Oprichnik Kiribeevich	« A daring fighter, a violent fellow" He is capable of love, but does not live according to moral and spiritual laws. Kiribeevich belongs to the Skuratov family. The name of Malyuta Skuratov, Ivan the Terrible’s henchman, went down in history; it terrified the people. Oprichniki - close associates of the king, subordinate only to him. They were cruel and carried out outrages with impunity
Tsar Ivan Vasilevich	Dual image. The king is at the same time a cruel, arbitrary tyrant, and a caring ruler-father. Ivan the Terrible gives his oprichnik a “ring” yacht" and "pearl necklace", promises to take care of the Kalashnikov family: "Young wife and your orphans from my treasury I will give I command your brothers from this very day throughout the wide Russian kingdom Trade freely, duty-free." But the king lives by his own laws, does not keep his word (“ Whoever beats someone, the king will reward him; / And whoever is beaten, God will forgive him"). He allows his guardsmen to rampage, and orders the winner in a fair fight to be publicly executed

Conflict in the poem

Folklore elements in the poem

Permanent	good fellow, damp soil, clean field
Permanent comparisons	“She walks smoothly, like a swan; Looks sweet - like a darling; Says a word - the nightingale sings..."
Negative parallelism	“The red sun does not shine in the sky, The blue clouds do not admire him: Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown, The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich sits"
Hyperboles	“The king hit the ground with his stick, And half a quarter of the oak floor He struck with an iron tip...”
Personifications	“The scarlet dawn is rising; She scattered her golden curls, Washed with crumbly snow, Like a beauty looking in the mirror, Looks into the clear sky and smiles
Vernacular	yours, let's kiss, honestly father
on - teach, -Yuchi	playing, singing, feasting
Double titles	sharpen, sharpen, dress, dress up, buzzes and howls
Traditional appeals	“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!”, “My lord, Stepan Paramonovich...”
	“Light horses are sick of me, The brocade outfits are disgusting..."
Beginning of lines with “I”, “Ay”, “Yes”, “Gay”	“Hey, our faithful servant, Kiribeevich...” “Ay, guys, sing - just build the harps!”
Syntactic parallelism	“The kite will peck out my tearful eyes, The rain will wash my gray bones..."
Inversions	“She was born into a merchant family...”
Tackles	“Remarried in the Church of God, Married to a young merchant"
Magical	“They called out a loud cry three times...”

Here they both part silently, -

The heroic battle begins.

Then Kiribeevich swung

And he hit the merchant Kalashnikov first,

And hit him in the middle of the chest -

The brave chest crackled,

A copper cross hung on his broad chest

With holy relics from Kyiv, -

And the cross bent and pressed into the chest;

Like dew, blood dripped from under him;

And Stepan Paramonovich thought:

“What is destined to happen will come true;

I will stand for the truth to the last day!”

He contrived, prepared,

Gathered with all my might

And hit your hater

Directly to the left temple from all over the shoulder.

And the young guardsman groaned slightly,

He swayed and fell dead;

He fell onto the cold snow,

On the cold snow, like a pine tree,

Like a pine tree in a damp forest

Chopped under the resinous root,

And, seeing this, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich

Got angry and stomped on the ground

And he frowned his black eyebrows;

He commanded to seize the daring merchant

And bring him before your face.

As the Orthodox Tsar said:

"Answer me truthfully, in conscience,

Willingly or reluctantly

You killed Movo's faithful servant,

Movo of the best fighter Kiribeevich?

"I will tell you, Orthodox Tsar:

I killed him with my own free will,

But for what, about what, I won’t tell you,

I will only tell God alone.

Order me to be executed - and to be carried to the chopping block

It's my fault;

Don't leave only the little children,

Don't leave the young widow

Yes, my two brothers by your grace..."

IN 1. The duel between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov is decisive in the plot of the poem. What is the term for moment? highest voltage actions?

AT 2. The image of a duel as a battle of heroes is associated with the traditions of what folklore genre?

AT 3. What is the name of the form of communication between characters based on the exchange of remarks and used in this fragment?

AT 4. What figurative and expressive means, representing the likening of one phenomenon to another (for example, “like dew ... blood dripped,” “fell on the cold snow ... like a pine tree”) did the author use?

AT 5. What is the repetition of cognate words in a phrase or in the same sentence, justified for expressive purposes, called (for example, “angry with anger,” “free will”)?

AT 6. What is the name of the stylistic device that consists of repeating the initial elements of adjacent lines (for example, “and hit the merchant Kalashnikov for the first time, / And hit him in the middle of the chest”)?

C1. Why does Kalashnikov, admitting that the murder of Kiribeevich was completely deliberate by him, refuse to give the Tsar his reason?

C2. In which works of Russian literature of the 19th century is the theme of defense of honor one of the main ones, and what are the similarities and differences in its interpretation with the poem?

TASK OPTIONS C1.

A) What was the reason for the fight between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov?

B) Why is the death of Kiribeevich, who was initially guilty of Kalashnikov, described in the poem with sympathy and even pity. To the guardsman?

Q) What was the expression of the royal “mercy” that Ivan Vasilyevich Kalashnikov asked for?

TASK OPTIONS C2.

A) In what works of Russian literature do the authors turn to folklore images, motifs, artistic techniques, and what are the similarities and differences in their use with?

B) In which works of Russian literature do the system of characters include real historical figures and how is their participation in the fate of the fictional heroes of the work manifested?

IN 1. Climax

AT 2. Bylina

AT 3. Dialogue

AT 4. Comparison

AT 5. Tautology

AT 6. Anaphora

Above the great, golden-domed Moscow,
Above the Kremlin white stone wall
Because of the distant forests, because of the blue mountains,
Playfully on the plank roofs,
The gray clouds are accelerating,
The scarlet dawn rises;
She scattered her golden curls,
Washed with crumbly snow,
Like a beauty looking in the mirror,
He looks into the clear sky and smiles.

How we got together and got ready
Daring Moscow fighters
To the Moscow River, to a fist fight,
Take a walk for the holiday, have fun.
And the king arrived with his retinue,
With the boyars and guardsmen,
And he ordered the silver chain to be stretched,
Soldered with pure gold in rings.
They cordoned off a place twenty-five fathoms,
For hunting combat, single.
And then Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ordered
Call to click in a ringing voice:
“Oh, where are you, good fellows?
You will amuse our king and father!
Come out into a wide circle;
Whoever beats someone, the king will reward him;
And whoever is beaten, God will forgive him!”

And the daring Kiribeevich comes out,
Silently bows to the king at the waist,
Throws off the velvet fur coat from his mighty shoulders,
Leaning your right hand to your side,
Adjusts another's scarlet hat,
He is waiting for his opponent...
They called out a loud cry three times -
Not a single fighter was touched,
They just stand and push each other.

The guardsman walks in the open space,
He makes fun of bad fighters:
“They calmed down, probably became thoughtful!
So be it, I promise, for the holiday,
I will release him alive with repentance,
I’ll just amuse our king and father.”

Suddenly the crowd spread out in both directions -
And Stepan Paramonovich comes out,
A young merchant, a daring fighter,
Nicknamed Kalashnikov.
First I bowed to the terrible king,
After the white Kremlin and the holy churches,
And then to all the Russian people,
His falcon eyes are burning,
He looks intently at the guardsman.
He becomes opposite to him,
He pulls on his combat gloves,
Straightens his mighty shoulders

Yes, he strokes his curly head.

(“Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”)

IN 1. Which Russian tsar, famous for introducing the oprichnina, was portrayed by the poet in “Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov”?

AT 2. Define the genre of “Songs about... merchant Kalashnikov”?

AT 3. What artistic technique, based on the humanization of natural phenomena, does the author use when describing the “scarlet dawn”?

AT 4. What term denotes a means of artistic expression, which is a stable figurative definition characteristic of works of oral folk art (“golden curls”, “clear sky”, “good fellows”, “mighty shoulders”, “daring fighter”)?

AT 5. What are the names of the words that the heroes use in their speech: “come out”, “I suppose”, “I promise”, etc.?

Why did you, scarlet dawn, wake up?
What kind of joy did you play out on?

AT 7. The song about... the merchant Kalashnikov" is written in rhymeless verse. What is this type of verse called?

C1. Do you agree with the opinion that the fist fight between Kiribeevich and Kalashnikov is the personification of the struggle between the permissiveness of the “state” law and the moral “private” person?

C2. In what works of Russian poets and writers of the 19th century. Do the heroes resolve a conflict situation with a duel?

IN 1. Ivan groznyj

AT 3. Personification

AT 4. Permanent epithet

AT 5. Vernacular

AT 6. A rhetorical question

The first poem that Lermontov decided to publish was “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.” The poem is a stylization of Russian folklore in a large epic form. In terms of genre and artistic originality, it turned out to be one of a kind and was not continued either in the work of its author or other poets. “Song...” had no similarities with Lermontov’s previous works. True, in the poem “Boyar Orsha” the author touches on a family theme, but the peculiarity of “Song...” is that this theme is presented here completely differently, although we are also talking about the dishonor of the family. . _
The theme of dishonor was very characteristic of Lermontov’s work of this period, but it must be said that he distinguished between insult and dishonor. The offended nobleman received satisfaction from the duel, regardless of its outcome, it was a duel of equals. “Dishonor as a solution to the situation included murder, suicide or madness, that is, in any case, dishonor is irreversible, and the dishonored cannot continue to remain in a society of honor.” This is what Lermontov himself wrote.
In the poem “The Death of a Poet,” it is no coincidence that Lermontov actively emphasizes the thirst for revenge of the “slave of honor.” Researcher of the poet’s work B.M. Eikhenbaum suggested that “Song...” may have been written during an imaginary illness that forced the poet to sit at home after the death of A.S. Pushkin. In this case, those who believe that the impetus for the creation of the poem could have been precisely the death of Pushkin, who defended his honor and the honor of his family, are right.
He disgraced me, he disgraced me
Me, honest, immaculate... -
Alena Dmitrievna speaks to her husband about Kiribeevich. Although she begins her story by falling at the feet of her husband, Stepan Paramonovich, she asks not for forgiveness, because she has nothing to blame, but for intercession.
Don't give me your faithful wife
Evil blasphemers are desecrated!
Thus, taking revenge on the oprichnik Kiribeevich, the merchant Kalashnikov first of all fulfills the request of Alena Dmitrievna and acts as a defender of the family and clan. Alena Dmitrievna, turning to her husband, remembers her relatives, dead and living, proving that she has no one else to ask for help, like her own family. Here Lermontov accurately reflects the medieval consciousness of Russian people, although a similar situation did not lose its relevance in his time. After all, Pushkin also defended the honor of his family, and not just his personal one.
Another genre feature of the poem is the author’s intention to reduce the romantic aura of the images of the main characters. Lermontov gives them realistic features; the Christian ideals of the Russian people are directly reflected in the psychology of the main characters of the poem. Thus, the “evil servant” Kiribeevich deceived the king by not telling him that “... the beauty was married in the church of God according to our Christian law.” By doing this, he violates an immutable law, maddened by love. First, the oprichnik asks the tsar to let him go “...to the Volga steppes to lay down his wild little head there,” but he unwittingly becomes a victim of his own deception. The Tsar bestows jewelry on him, with the help of which Kiribeevich tries to seduce Alena Dmitrievna. Ivan the Terrible himself pushes his favorite to commit a dishonorable act.
I'll dress you up like a queen,
Everyone will envy you
Just don't let me die a sinful death,
Love me, hug me
At least once goodbye...
This is how Kiribeevich begs his love. His claims are not limitless - he, like Mtsyri, is ready to be content with a few moments of happiness. The guardsman is still a Christian, he is afraid to die a sinful death, that is, to commit suicide. But at the same time, he is a typical Lermontov hero, because he acts, regardless of the fact that everything is happening in front of the “evil neighbors”.
And he caressed me, kissed me;
My cheeks are still burning
They spread like living flames
His cursed kisses -
Alena Dmitrievna says with disgust. The willful hero suffers retribution, carried out not only by Kalashnikov and the “power of providence,” but by the power of conscience of Kiribeevich himself. He cannot help but accept a mortal fight. But at the same time, he reveals himself to be a real “son of Basurman”. When he hit merchant Kalashnikov, he bent the cross with holy relics from Kyiv hanging on Stepan Paramonovich’s chest. The blow was so strong that Kalashnikov mustered all his strength to survive.
At the same time, he does not behave like a romantic hero, he does not fight with fate or resist it, but simply defends the honor of the family. His cause is just, but from the point of view of the existing law, he commits lynching and is ready to accept execution for it. Stepan Paramonovich accepts the fate of a criminal, which could never happen in a romantic poem, where the hero would prefer death to such a fate and become a martyr, about whom songs will later be written.
The genre originality of the poem also lies in the fact that “in addition to the realistic conflicts “Kiribeevich - the Kalashnikov family”, “Kalashnikov - Ivan the Terrible”, there is also a romantic conflict in the poem. This is a conflict between a worthy person and the crowd, which in this case took the form of a historical social psychology. Stepan Paramonovich cannot tell the tsar that he killed “reluctantly,” not only because of his honesty and directness. The fact that he killed “freely” should be known to everyone. This is what will wash away the stain of shame from the family. Kalashnikov’s moral independence, the fact that he is a person and not a “crafty slave,” is the reason for his tragic death in the poem. Personal dignity in him is inextricably linked with national moral principles. Therefore, despite the “shameful execution” and the fact that he was not buried according to Christian rites (not in a cemetery), the merchant left a good memory of himself among the people. Passing by his unmarked grave,
...old man - crosses himself
The good fellow will pass - he will become poised,
If a girl passes by, she will become sad,
And the guslar players will pass by and sing a song.
The poem ends with a major, truly song chord.
Thus, the idea of ​​the poem, unlike the classical canons, is not limited to the opposition of “heroless” modernity and the heroic past, the century of extraordinary people. In the poem, not all the characters deserve sympathy and approval. Thus, the merchant Kalashnikov, faithful to the people's moral principles, turns out to be morally superior to the tsar himself.
Lermontovsky the Terrible, not at all out of ignorance, pushes Kiri-beevich to violence and executes Kalashnikov. His character is marked by monstrous cynicism. The king begins his answer to the dignified words of Stepan Paramonovich, “I killed him with my free will, But I won’t tell you why, I’ll tell only God alone...” with a gloomy joke: “It’s good for you, little one, that you answered according to your conscience.” ”, - and lists all future benefits to his relatives, leaving the death sentence for last, and as if he had let it slip, he calls Kalashnikov’s children orphans.
Your young wife and your orphans
I will give it from my treasury.
Promising the merchant a solemn execution, the king actually arranges a “mockery of the condemned.” He utters openly mocking words:
"
I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,
I'll order you to ring the big bell,
So that all the people of Moscow know,
That you too are not abandoned by my mercy.
“Song...” clearly highlights the process of Lermontov’s artistic evolution. From the lyrical intensity of the style, centered around the author’s “I”, from direct and open lyrical formulas, from the genre of confession, the author moves on to the creation of psychological images and plots. Main character as if he has a presentiment of tragic events, when nothing yet foretells trouble. So on that same ill-fated day, a young merchant sits at the counter, laying out goods,"
With gentle speech he lures guests,
Gold and silver are counted.
Yes, it was a bad day for him:
Rich people walk past the bar,
No one looks into his shop.
In the poem, between hot events, an amazing image of Ancient Rus' and its capital Moscow appears:
Above the great, golden-domed Moscow,
Above the Kremlin white stone wall
Because of the distant forests, because of the blue mountains,
Playfully on the plank roofs,
The gray clouds are dispersing,
The scarlet dawn rises;
She scattered her golden curls,
Washed with crumbly snow,
Like a beauty looking in the mirror,
He looks into the clear sky and smiles.
The wealth of historical details and signs of the times distinguishes Lermontov's poem. This is not only a description of clothing, utensils, weapons, but also the behavior of the main characters, say, before a battle. Individual characteristics are added to the general, historically determined features. So, Kiribeevich, going out to fight, “... silently bows to the king at the waist,” then he “walks around in the open air, laughing at the bad fighters.” Kalashnikov, going out against the oprichnik, “Bowed first to the terrible Tsar, After the white Kremlin and the holy churches, And then to the entire Russian people.”
In the poem we encounter such artistic techniques as the use of traditional epithets (“sweet wine, overseas”, “falcon eyes”), comparisons, syntactic repetitions, parallelisms, inversions, direct negation (“The red sun does not shine in the sky, the clouds do not admire it blue: Then the formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich sits at a meal in a golden crown.” All these techniques masterfully reproduce the Russian folk poetic style. In the spirit of Russian literature, even the syntactic construction with the extra conjunction “and”:
There's going to be a fist fight tomorrow
On the Moscow River under the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman.
The stylized “song” of the poem, the emotional intensity of its content, and the dynamics of the plot hide some historical errors and certain semantic inconsistencies. So, for example, Kiribeevich describes to the Tsar the beauty of Alena Dmitrievna and praises her “brown, golden braids,” which he could not see, since married women hid their hair under a scarf.
Another feature of “Song...” attracts attention - its polyphony. The song is sung by several guslar players, but in one place the voice of the only author breaks through, who says about Alena Dmitrievna: “Everyone trembled, my dear...”
It seems to me that it is worth mentioning the triple repetition of the cry before the battle as a relative inconsistency. “They called out a loud cry three times - Not a single fighter was touched.” This does not mean that Stepan Paramonovich slept through, like Onegin before the duel. Delaying the action in the poem increases the tension of the atmosphere; moreover, the folklore principle of trinity is observed. This principle is also visible in the composition of the work: “Song...” has three chapters, three choruses.
The finale of the “Song...” is, according to tradition, “glory” to the boyar, the noblewoman and the entire Christian people.
“The song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov” is a unique work by Lermontov and all Russian literature. It is rightfully considered a masterpiece of Russian national classics.

For many centuries, the folklore type of poetic creativity prevailed among all peoples. Its characteristic features are orality, traditionality, direct nationality, variation, the combination of words with artistic elements of other types of art, collectivity of creation and dissemination.

Centuries later, this tradition began to be revived everywhere, although with natural differences from the original one (for example, it was impossible to revive the collectivity of creating a folklore work). Romantic poets

With great pleasure they composed works stylized as folklore, since the theme itself and the style of the composition were very close to their views. Naturally, they had to turn to historical topics, because... works of folk poetry were almost inextricably linked with history, in one form or another.

Poem by M.Yu. Lermontov’s “Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov” is the only one in the 19th century. successful stylization of folklore in such a voluminous epic form, moreover, in verses close to the song style of folk art.

Already in the very title “Songs...” (“Song

About Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov”) we notice a folklore feature - such long and detailed names were typical for works of folk art. In addition, the characters are listed according to their social status, and not their role in the work.

From the very first lines we notice the vernacular language of this work. You can at least remember how it begins: “Oh, you are a goy...” - such chants are typical for folk epics and fairy tales. This was a traditional greeting from old Rus'.

The vernacular nature of the poem is manifested in the structure of speech, style, and vocabulary. So, for example, in “Song...” there is a characteristic use of synonymous words written with a hyphen: they walk and make noise. Repetition was a favorite technique of storytellers, and we see this in another example - the use of tautology: Lermontov contains such phrases as “free will”, “jokes to joke”.

The first example (“free will”), by the way, is also an example of an established epithet, which include “fierce death”, “young wife”, “good fellow”, “falcon eyes”, “sweet overseas wine”, “thought strong” and many others, combined with inversion (violation of the accepted word order in a sentence, when the definition must come before the defined).

The red sun does not shine in the sky,

The blue clouds do not admire him:

Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown,

The Terrible Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.

In this passage you can find inversion, established epithets, and such a device as syntactic repetition (and with it parallelism, direct and negative).

It is also interesting how the death of Kiribeevich is described - as well as the death of the traditional “good fellow”:

He fell onto the cold snow,

On the cold snow, like a pine tree,

Like a pine tree in a damp forest,

Chopped under the resinous root.

They give the narration a kind of graviness; the reader (or listener) is conveyed a feeling of antiquity, enhanced by the use of outdated words such as “between”, “opposite”, “playfully”.

In addition, in “Song...” there is no disclosure of the inner world of the characters; they are shown as if from the outside, through the eyes of an outside observer who cannot know their experiences, and is not interested in depicting them.

However, the images in the poem are very flexible and quite easy to represent visually. For example, Kalashnikov

...pulls on his combat gloves,

He straightens his mighty shoulders,

Yes, he strokes his curly beard.

Lermontov managed to reproduce a convincing and realistic image of ancient Rus', with its representatives, their characters, morals and customs. To do this, the author needed to introduce signs of real historical time into the narrative. In addition to describing the appearance (clothing, weapons, harness of horses) of the heroes, we can find out how, for example, Kalashnikov behaved before the battle - he silently bows to the Tsar at the waist,” which was an integral part of the tradition. Part of it was pre-battle boasting and scolding.

The poem contains a real historical character - Ivan the Terrible. But when creating his image, folklore techniques were widely used. Thus, Lermontov follows the characteristic image of the king in folk tales, the way the people remembered him. The poet endows Ivan Vasilyevich with such a trait as sympathy: the tsar promotes the lover Kiribeevich, not knowing that the object of his sighs is married; he promises to take care of the family of the executed Kalashnikov and carry out his execution with honors. On the other hand, these honors look, if not like a mockery, then at least simply stupid - why would Kalashnikov, who will be executed in a minute, see the discharged executioner?

Nevertheless, Lermontov’s image of Ivan the Terrible, those features that he drew attention to, are fundamentally different from previous images of the tsar. The only similarity can be found only with the rulers in the works of Pushkin, who wanted to see “a man on the throne.”

Based on the analysis of the poem “Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov,” we can say that Lermontov managed not only to very successfully stylize his work as folklore; it seems that he did not set out to copy or imitate folk speech - he simply spoke this language naturally. In addition, the presence in the narrative of real historical facts and characters, along with a folklore basis, creates the originality of this work.

While working on the “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov studied a collection of epics by Kirsha Danilov and other publications of folklore. The source of the poem can be considered the historical song “Kastryuk Mastryukovich,” which tells about the heroic struggle of a man from the people against the guardsman Ivan the Terrible. However, Lermontov did not copy folk songs mechanically. His work is permeated with folk poetry. “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov” is a reflection and reproduction by the poet of the style folk poetry– its motives, images, colors, techniques of folk songs.

“The Song about the Merchant Kalashnikov” preserves the folklore vocabulary that has evolved over centuries. This is clearly visible in the created portrait of the Russian beauty:

In Holy Rus', our mother,

You can’t find, you can’t find such a beauty:

Walks smoothly - like a swan;

He looks sweet - like a darling;

Says a word - the nightingale sings;

Her rosy cheeks are burning,

Like the dawn in God's sky;

Brown, golden braids,

Braided in bright ribbons,

They run along the shoulders, wriggle,

They kiss white breasts.

Further in the text, not only the external beauty of Alena Dmitrievna is revealed, but also her human merits. The work of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov” is written in the traditions of folk poetry; it contains stable epithets and metaphors.

The red sun does not shine in the sky,

The blue clouds do not admire him:

Then he sits at a meal wearing a golden crown,

The formidable Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich is sitting.

The atmosphere of the feast is recreated with almost documentary accuracy. The distrustful and formidable king looks for sedition and treason everywhere, and when he is having fun, he wants to see only joyful and happy faces.

Kiribeevich is deprived of an honest name - he is a “busurman son”, without a family, without a tribe. It is no coincidence that Lermontov calls Kalashnikov by his first name and patronymic, but calls Kiribeevich only Kiribeevich.

A distinctive feature of Kiribeevich’s nature is the desire to show off, “to show off in finery,” “to show off one’s daring.” Kiribeevich’s slavish nature and servility give rise to a desire to rule in him; he should not be denied anything. He chooses Alena Dmitrievna not only for her beauty: he is hurt by her independence, indifference to him, the “tsar’s guardsman”:

They stand at the gates at the planks

The girls and young women are red,

And they admire, looking, whispering,

Only one does not look, does not admire,

A striped veil covers...

Why is the faithful servant Kiribeevich upset? In love? According to the king, this matter is fixable. You just need to bring an expensive shawl and a ring to the girl you like, she will immediately throw herself on the neck of the royal servant. But Kiribeevich did not tell the tsar that he liked a married woman.

Gorgeous

Married in the Church of God,

Married to a young merchant

According to our Christian law.

Alena Dmitrievna and Stepan Paramonovich are endowed with the best qualities: honesty, human dignity. To clear the name of his faithful wife from unfair suspicions, Kalashnikov does not even spare his own life.

The merchant challenges the offender to a fist fight. In a fair fight he defeats Kiribeevich, but the king lives by his own laws. The king's court diverged from the people's court. Kalashnikov, executed by the Tsar and “slandered by rumor,” becomes a folk hero.

“Song about the merchant Kalashnikov” was written in a special genre. Lermontov sought to bring the poem closer to epic folklore tales. The guslars, who amuse the “good boyar and his white-faced noblewoman” with “Songs,” play a vital role in the structure of the poem. The reader does not hear the author’s voice; in front of him is a work of oral folk art. The moral positions by which the characters of “The Song...” are assessed are not the author’s personal, but the people’s. This greatly enhances the triumph of truth in the work.

Page 1
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

Option 1
“You are our sovereign, Ivan Vasilyevich!
Do not reproach an unworthy slave:
You can’t pour wine over a roast heart,
The Black Duma must not be spoiled!

And I angered you - the will of the king;

Order execution, beheading,
She weighs down the heroic shoulders,

And she herself is leaning toward the damp earth.”

And Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich said to him:
“What are you, young man, fussing about?
Is your brocade caftan worn out?
Is the sable hat wrinkled?

Has your treasury been spent?

Or has the tempered saber become jagged?
Or was the horse lame, poorly shod?
Or knocked you down in a fist fight,
On the Moscow River, merchant’s son?”

Q 1. What is the genre of the work from which the excerpt is given?

AT 2. Who is Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich’s interlocutor in the above passage?

AT 3. What caused Ivan Vasilyevich’s anger?

AT 4. What element of the composition is the feast scene?
AT 5. What is “well done” talking about?

AT 6. What artistic expression techniques typical for folk songs do the author use in the above passage?

AT 7. Find a constant epithet in the given passage.

AT 8. Give an example of inversion in the last sentence.

AT 9. What syntactic device of artistic expression does the memorized tempered saber use? or Is the horse lame, poorly shod? / Or knocked you off your feet in a fist fight, /On the Moscow River, merchant’s son”?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. What syntactic device of artistic expression does the author use: “Isn’t your brocade caftan worn out?/ Isn’t your sable hat wrinkled?”/ Isn’t your treasury spent?”

C1. How do the main characters appear to us in this passage? Justify your answer.

WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 2
Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
“Where are you, wife, have you been wandering around?
In what courtyard, on the square,
That your hair is disheveled

Why are your clothes all torn~?

You've already been walking, you've been feasting

Tea, with the sons everything is with the boyars! ..

Not for that in front of holy icons

You and I, wife, got engaged,

They exchanged gold rings! ..

How can I lock you behind an iron castle?

Behind the oak door bound "
So that you don't see the light of God
I did not discredit my honest name..."
And hearing that, Alena Dmitrevna
All trembled, my darling,

Shaking like an aspen leaf,

She cried bitterly,

She fell at her husband's feet.

“My lord, my red sun,
Either kill me or listen to me!

Your speeches are like a sharp knife;

They are heartbreaking.

I'm not afraid of fierce death,

I'm not afraid of people's rumors,

And I’m afraid of your disfavor.”

IN 1. Who narrates all the events that take place in this work?

AT 2. Between which characters does the above dialogue take place?

AT 3. What character is V.G. about? Belinsky wrote: “His first appearance on stage puts us in his favor: for some reason you feel that he is one of those resilient and heavy characters who are quiet and meek only until circumstances split them apart”?
AT 4. What lines convey the narrator’s attitude towards Alena Dmitrievna?

AT 5. What lines in Alena Dmitrievna’s words speak about her respect and love for her husband?

AT 6. Who was Alena Dmitrievna’s offender?

AT 7. What is the name of the artistic device characteristic of folklore used in “Song...” (“red sun”, “light of God”, etc.)?

AT 8. What syntactic techniques of artistic expression does the author use in the lines: “ Because your hair is disheveled, / your clothes are all torn”?

AT 9. What feature of folk poetic speech is reflected in “Song...” in the words “darling”, “sun”, “father”?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Find an example of inversion in the last sentence.

C 1. How were the relationships between husband and wife of that time reflected in “Song...”? Justify your answer.

C2. Is Alena Dmitrievna close to the popular ideal of a woman? Justify your answer.
WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV
“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 3
Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
And Kiribeevich said to him:

“Tell me, good fellow,

You are some kind of tribe,

What name do you go by?

To know for whom to serve a memorial service,
To have something to brag about."
Stepan Paramonovich answers:

“And my name is Stepan Kalashnikov,

And I was born from an honest father,

And I lived according to the law of the Lord:

I did not disgrace someone else's wife,

I did not rob in the dark night,

Didn't hide from the heavenly light...

And you spoke the true truth:

They will sing a funeral service for one of us,

And no later than tomorrow at noon;

And one of us will boast

Feasting with distant friends...

Don't joke, don't make people laugh

I, son of Basurman, came to you, -

I went out for a terrible battle, for the last battle!”

And hearing that, Kiribeevich

His face turned pale, like autumn snow;
His fearful eyes became clouded,

Frost ran between the strong shoulders,

The word froze on open lips...

IN 1. What characterizes Kiribeevich’s behavior before the appearance of Kalashnikov?

AT 2. For what purpose does Kiribeevich enter the fight?

AT 3. Why does Kalashnikov go into battle?

AT 4. Which lines in Kalashnikov’s words directly accuse Kiribeevich of dishonest behavior?

AT 5. What does Kiribeevich understand when he sees and recognizes Kalashnikov?

AT 6. How did the fist fight end?

AT 7. Find the comparison in the passage below.

AT 8. What method of artistic expression, traditional for folk poetic speech, does the author use in the lines: “Don’t joke, don’t make people laugh/ I came out to you, son of a Basurman, / I went out to a terrible battle, to the last battle!”?

AT 9. What is the peculiarity of the epithets “dark night”, “good fellow”?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Indicate the method of artistic expression in the line: “Frost ran between the strong shoulders.”

C1. What caused Kiribeevich’s confusion when he learned his opponent’s name? Justify your answer.

C2. What details of the fight emphasize that for Kalashnikov, God's will is more important than the royal will? Justify your answer.

WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

“SONG ABOUT TSAR IVAN VASILIEVICH, YOUNG
OPRICHNIK AND THE DARLING MERCHANT KALASHNIKOV"

Option 3

Read the text fragment below and complete the tasks:
I will tell you, Orthodox Tsar:

I killed him with my own free will,

But for what, about what, I won’t tell you,
I will only tell God alone.

Order me to be executed - and to be carried to the chopping block

It's my fault;

Don't leave only the little children,

Don't leave the young widow

Yes, my two brothers by your grace..."

“Good for you, baby,
A daring fighter, a merchant's son,
That you answered according to your conscience.

Your young wife and your orphans

from my treasury I will give

I command your brothers from this very day

throughout the wide Russian kingdom
Trade freely, duty free.

And you go yourself, baby,

To a high place on the forehead,

Lay down your wild little head.

I order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened,
I'll order the executioner to dress up,

When I tell you to ring the big bell,

So that all the people of Moscow know,

That you too have not been abandoned by my mercy...”

IN 1. How is Kalashnikov's behavior shown in his conversation with the Tsar?

AT 2. Which Line in Kalashnikov’s words emphasizes his spiritual equality with the Tsar?

AT 3. What plot element is Kalashnikov's conversation with the Tsar?

AT 4. Which character V.G. Belinsky characterized this way: “...The look of his eyes is lightning, the sound of his speeches is heavenly thunder, the outburst of his anger is death and torture...”?

AT 5. What quality of Tsar Ivan the Terrible is emphasized by his words:

“I’ll order the ax to be sharpened and sharpened, / I’ll order the executioner to be dressed, / I’ll order the big bell to be rung, / So that all the people of Moscow will know, / That you, too, have not been abandoned by my mercy...”?

Why doesn’t Kalashnikov tell the Tsar about the real reason?

AT 6. Why doesn’t Kalashnikov tell the Tsar about the true reason for the murder of Kiribeevich?

AT 7. Indicate the method of artistic expression in the phrases “boisterous little head”, “daring fighter”.

AT 8. Indicate the method of artistic expression, traditional in folk poetic speech: “I killed him with my free will.”
AT 9. Find the phraseological unit in the lines: “And you go yourself, little one, / to the high place of the forehead, / Lay down your wild little head.”

B 10. Find the inversion in the lines: “And you go yourself, little one, / to the high place of the forehead, / Lay down your wild little head.”

C1. Why does the tsar, recognizing Kalashnikov’s courage and even the rightness (“A daring fighter, a merchant’s son, / ... you answered in good conscience”), decides to execute him? Justify your answer.

C2. Is Kalashnikov remembered after his death? Why? Justify your answer.
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