LED bulbs don't work. Do-it-yourself LED lamp repair. How to repair an LED lamp

LED lamps a few years ago deservedly gained popularity almost all over the world. Their strengths in comparison with incandescent or gas discharge lamps are obvious. Firstly, their service life is several times higher than that of the last two. If an incandescent lamp lasts about one year, and a mercury lamp lasts about four, then the operating time of an LED lamp can reach more than 10 years. Secondly, the LED lamp significantly saves energy. With the same flux of light energy, it consumes 8 times less electricity than an incandescent lamp, and 2.5 times less than a gas discharge lamp. In addition, the LED lamp does not use mercury vapor or other harmful substances, so their disposal does not require special equipment.

The only drawback of LED lamps is their price. Despite its constant decline, they are still inaccessible to the majority of the world's population. Like most electronic items, LED bulbs break sometimes. The cause of breakdowns can be poor-quality assembly, problems in the power supply, etc. Based on the cost of the lamp, in some cases it is cheaper to fix it yourself than to buy a new one, especially if we are talking about a product with a power of 20 watts and higher.

How to repair an LED table lamp with your own hands - later in the article.

LED lamp device

The scheme of the LED lamp is quite simple and breakdowns in it are rare. In order to understand the causes of the breakdown, it is necessary to understand the principle of operation of this lamp. The usual "Ilyich's light bulb" is powered by alternating current with a voltage of 220 V. It uses the glow of a tungsten spiral in a vacuum flask. Accordingly, no additional devices are required. In the LED lamp, the opposite is true. The LED, which is a direct light source, is powered by direct current with low voltage (about 1V). Accordingly, the lamp must contain a device that converts alternating current to constant and reduces the voltage.

The ice lamp itself, the repair of which is to be done, consists of several parts:

• Plinth. The bases of LED lamps are no different from halogen or incandescent lamps. For a standard cartridge, an E27 base is used.
• Light diffuser. A plastic matte bulb, unlike incandescent lamps, is not soldered to the base, which makes it collapsible.
• PCB with LEDs. Under the flask is a printed circuit board on which several LEDs are located. The brightness of the lamp depends on how many of them and what power they are.
• Frame. The lamp body can be made of plastic or ceramic.
• Power board. Expensive lamps are made using transformers to reduce voltage, cheap ones are transformerless, which negatively affects their reliability. Also on the board there are 4 diodes (the so-called diode bridge, which is a rectifier) ​​and a microcontroller in the form of a microcircuit.

Do-it-yourself feron LED lamp repair tools

In order to do the restoration of the LED light bulb with your own hands, you must have a minimum set of tools:

1. Multimeter. This device will help to check the voltage in the circuit, the presence of breaks, the operation of the main parts of the circuit.
2. Soldering iron (with rosin and solder). It will be needed to replace damaged parts or repair open circuits.
3. Small screwdriver. This tool is needed to detach the board from the lamp housing.
4. Thin stationery knife. It is necessary for accurate detachment of parts from the printed circuit board.

Do-it-yourself LED lamp repair for 220v

There are only two reasons why the lamp may not light:

• Wiring fault (break contact wire, switch malfunction, non-contact in the cartridge).
• The lamp itself is defective.

Before you start disassembling the lamp itself, you must eliminate the first cause.

The procedure is as follows:

1. So, when the switch is turned on, the lamp does not light up. An easy way to test a lamp: screw any other lamp into the socket, regardless of type.
2. If the control light is on - the problem is in the lamp, if not - you need to look for a problem in the wiring. For this, a simple tester is used, which shows the presence of voltage in the circuit. Leaning it against the cartridge with the switch on, it should show the presence of 220 V on the cartridge.
3. If there is voltage, but the light is still off, you need to check if there is contact between it and the antennae of the cartridge.
4. With poor contact between these parts, an arc occurs, which is the cause of the formation of soot on the antennae. It needs to be cleaned off (of course, before turning off the voltage), and the antennae should be bent. After that, check again with a test lamp.
5. If there is no voltage at the contacts of the cartridge, it is removed and the presence of a phase on the wiring is checked with the switch on. If it is present on the wiring, then the cartridge is changed, otherwise the switch is checked.

When the control glows, contact problems and wiring can be discarded and the LED lamp itself can be dealt with directly.

The procedure in this case is as follows:

1. Before starting repairs, the lamp must be carefully disassembled. When carrying out work, it is imperative to remember the sequence of disassembly and the location of the fasteners. For convenience, you can shoot the disassembly process on your phone.
2. The process of disassembling the LED lamp is quite simple, however, due to the large number of small parts, it requires accuracy.
3. The first step is to remove the diffuser. The plastic bulb is attached to the lamp body “into the groove”, and to remove it, it is enough to pry it off with a thin screwdriver or knife.
4. The next step is to remove the board with the LEDs attached to it. It is attached to the case with small screws. For complete dismantling, the plate must also be carefully pry with a screwdriver.
5. Further, the base is separated from the lamp body. It is crimped around the body and rests on small notches. To separate it, it is necessary to unclench the notches (it is important to do this evenly around the entire circumference of the base). Removing the base itself does not require any effort.
6. Then the wiring is separated, which connects the board with LEDs and the power supply.
7. The last step is to remove the power supply itself.
8. Now the lamp is disassembled and you can proceed to a visual inspection. The first step is to inspect the circuit for melted or burnt parts. It is they who in most cases are the cause of the lamp failure. If there is one, it must be carefully soldered and replaced with a new one.
9. If it was not possible to visually find the cause of the breakdown, then a multimeter will come to the rescue to repair the T8 LED lamp with your own hands. This device "rings" each part of the board, after which you can accurately determine the failed one.

When the cause of the breakdown is determined, you can proceed to resolve it:

• One of the reasons for the lack of glow of the lamp may be the breakdown of one of the LEDs. They also need to be "ringed" by the device. But there is an easier way. You just need to solder two wires to a regular finger-type battery, and lean them one by one to each of the LEDs. A defective part will not glow. It just needs to be soldered and replaced. If it is difficult to find a similar LED, you can simply turn it off from the power circuit. They are in the vast majority of lamps connected in series. In this case, you can simply close the circuit with some conductor. To do this, a small piece of wire is soldered in place of the burned-out LED. Buying an LED is not a problem now. They are sold on special tapes, from which it can be unsoldered and installed at the workplace at any time.
• A blinking LED lamp is a clear sign of a failed capacitor. Therefore, if such symptoms appear, it must be replaced immediately. However, there are often cases when the LED lamp flashes if it is connected to the network through a switch with a built-in LED. They are often used to make it easier to find the switch in the dark. In this case, it should be replaced with a regular model.
• The most common cause of LED lamp failure is drying out and shorting one of the capacitors. There are two of them in the lamp: the first is at 450 V, the second is at 100 V. When the first of them shorts out, the voltage in the circuit rises critically, which causes one of the LEDs to burn out. lamp from behind high voltage starts to burn brighter, but not for long. Usually, after the "departure" of one of the LEDs, the voltage on the second capacitor reaches a value of 300-330 V, due to which it fails. After this happens, two resistors fail from the high voltage, completely breaking the circuit. By calling each of the elements, you can find a malfunction and replace it.
• Chinese manufacturers especially “sin” with low-quality capacitors. The voltage on the first capacitor, in order for the lamp to work for a long time and with high quality, must be at least 240 V, because the voltage on the LEDs is usually up to 180 V. In this case, it is better to put a larger capacitor, or connect another one in parallel, thereby achieving a similar result .
• Least of all, the driver (microcircuit) of the LED lamp fails. Do-it-yourself LED lamp driver repair is not done, it is changed to a similar one. The driver model, depending on the lamp parameter, can be found in the special tables of their manufacturers.
• If there are problems with soldering the part (lack of experience or materials), you can buy a ready-made light bulb board. Its replacement will be much cheaper than buying a new lamp.

Do-it-yourself Chinese LED lamp repair: photo

Do-it-yourself LED lamp repair: video

Recently, new types of lamps have become extremely popular, having very high indicators of the quality of the glow. These are LED or, as they are also called, LED-lamps. For a relatively short period of time, this technology has replaced other analogues of lighting products, such as fluorescent, halogen and other types of lamps.

This circumstance is quite understandable, because the LED technology itself has a high working resource and long service life, which is one of the main quality indicators for lamps. But no one is immune from possible breakdowns and problems in the operation of LED-lamps, however, like any other. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to know exactly how the repair of LED lamps is carried out with your own hands.

The device of LED-lamps

In order for the repair to be completed successfully, it is necessary to understand the very device of such LED lamps, the components and components that are included in it. It is quite obvious that good indicators of the quality of the glow were achieved due to the high manufacturability of the original product.

Device of LED lamps:

• the lamp body itself, which, as a rule, differs in its original structure and design;
• lamp drivers that act as a power converter;
• light source (LED elements);
• various radiators;
• optical elements.

If we consider in more detail each element of the LED lamp circuit, then you need to pay attention to the filling itself, because. the lamp body is not of particular interest for understanding the principle of operation of such a lamp.

So, the drivers, acting as a power supply for diodes, do not produce the voltage itself, but directly the direct current itself with a standard power of 220 volts. LED elements, which are the source of light in such lamps, produce it by converting the energy received from the driver.

Sectional view of the LED light bulb

The radiator acts as a cooling element to prevent the lamp device from overheating. The optical elements, which are also included in the structure of the lamp, convert the glow of the LEDs in such a way that this radiation is acceptable to the human eye.

The description of this circuit was taken on the example of one of the cheap Chinese analogues for 220V, but the structure of such lamps is almost the same, only manufacturers are different.

The process of disassembling the LED lamp

This stage of work is quite obvious, because not a single repair of any equipment can do without this procedure. However, this fact is quite controversial in relation to the disassembly of household lamps, but, in the case of LEDs, this is fully justified. There are two methods that can be used to parse led lamp do it yourself:

1. In the first case, you will need an ordinary spitz (flat) screwdriver. This method will be appropriate when disassembling a lamp, where there are ribs to remove heat energy, because it is enough to stick the tip of a screwdriver between the ribs, and then carefully separate the body. Caution in this matter is extremely important, because inept manipulations can damage the internal components of the device.
2. The second method is suitable for lamps with thick glass. It should be noted that the structure of such lamps does not imply the disassembly of the body as such, but there is one little secret. It is necessary to take a hair dryer and heat the lamp body with a stream of air, after which the glass will come out of the “nest” without any obstacles. This is achieved due to the warm effect of the air, as a result of which the adhesive composition connecting the lamp body becomes more elastic, and the body itself expands slightly.

Replacing the power supply

One of the most common failures in an LED lamp is the failure of the power supply, in which a resistor or capacitor can burn out. After disassembling the lamp housing, you need to check the performance of this unit by connecting it to a 220-volt AC mains. Of course, you can use measuring instruments to find out if there is voltage on the board, but they very often do not show this information.

If it turned out that the matter is still in the power supply, then the only way out of the situation is to replace it with a new one. Do-it-yourself repair, in this case, is almost impossible, because this will require special equipment, which simply cannot be in an ordinary apartment.

You should look for a power supply in various electronics stores, because it may not be available at ordinary points of sale of electrical goods. You need to purchase a standard 5W power supply. Then the power supply itself is replaced, which is a fairly simple matter for a person who is at least a little versed in electronics.

What to do if the problem is in the LED

If your power supply is OK, then it makes sense to check the LED elements. Need to find out which diode is out of order? To do this, take a 9V battery and a resistor with a resistance of 1 kOhm, with which we check each diode individually.

LED Lamp Wiring Diagram

Having found a failed diode, it is necessary to close its outputs. If we take into account that the connection of the diodes is made according to the principle of a chain, then the closure of one of them will not lead to the loss of luminescence by other diodes. Further, you can’t do without a soldering iron, with which the non-working LED elements are soldered, and new diodes are installed in their place using the same soldering iron.

Corn Lamp Repair

This type of LED lamp is most suitable for various repairs. The fact is that in such lamps all the LED elements are located on the very surface of the housing, which makes it possible to avoid the process of disassembling this lamp.

It is worth noting that this lamp operates on standard 220V. If a malfunction occurs, then the diodes can ring and, if necessary, replace them with new ones. You can do without replacing a failed element by closing it with a jumper, which will not affect the performance of the entire structure. However, the appearance of the lamp will be spoiled, and the absence of one or more LED elements will be noticeable to the eye.

Driver problems

In general, this element is one of the most reliable in the entire structure of the LED lamp. Very often there are cases when the entire filling of the lamp became unusable, and the driver retained its performance. There is still no definite opinion why the driver fails, but there is an assumption that this is due to a mismatch in certain performance indicators.

You can determine the problem with the driver by one sure sign - one or more LED elements are blinking. At the same time, the lamp does not cease to emit a glow, but this sign already indicates that a violation of the interaction circuit with the converter has been detected. If this happens, then only replacing the driver with a new one can help, which can be purchased on the radio components market by selecting it from the marking on the lamp.

Positive moments in the renovation process

Breaking a lamp is certainly a nuisance for its owner, but some benefit can be extracted from it. Having tried to repair the lamp with his own hands, a person begins to understand this issue, trying to fix this problem on his own, without resorting to the help of craftsmen. Thus, a person educates himself, achieves a certain success in a new sphere for himself. But there is a more practical benefit of repairing LED fixtures - it is the ability to upgrade and improve their performance.

The fact is that the circuits of some designs of LED lamps are not quite suitable for factory diodes installed on its board. This may affect the quality of the glow of the lamp, which, of course, will be, but not as bright as it may be stated in the technical data. Therefore, it makes sense to experiment a little by trying to replace them with new diodes.

In addition, the circuits of some 220 Volt lamps, especially for manufacturers from China, may not be complete, due to the fact that it may not have a rectifier and a capacitor. This leads to constant flickering and flashing of the lamp, which has a very negative effect on the human eye. Therefore, at home, it is quite possible to install the missing elements with your own hands, achieving better radiation.

LED technology is by far the most modern for use in lighting technology. However, a number of technological nuances have not yet been worked out, which should give such lamps more stable operation.

The design of these lamps is quite complex, it includes a considerable number of components that are at risk of breakage.

This fact significantly complicates the repair process with your own hands, because for its implementation you need a certain amount of technical knowledge. These are the primary skills of working with a soldering iron, and knowledge of radio engineering, and knowledge of the basics of electrics. In addition to this, you have to purchase relatively expensive components to replace failed elements.

Of course, this cannot please the average consumer, but the complex repair process is justified by the high manufacturability of the LED lamp itself. If you do not save on purchases yet, but purchase products from well-known manufacturers, then, quite possibly, the issue of repair will not arise for a very long time.

The price of LED lamps is quite high. Therefore, if such lamps are installed in your lamp and one of them has stopped working, then do not rush to throw it away. In this article, we will tell you how you can repair the LED lamp with your own hands.

Most LED lamps are made in China, and their quality often leaves much to be desired. According to statistics, two out of five LED lamps stop working within the first year of operation. Having bought three light bulbs, you should be prepared for the fact that one of them will burn out in the next year.

LED bulbs burn out differently than incandescent bulbs. If incandescent lamps simply cease to give light, then often the tungsten filament simply burns out in them. LED light bulbs burn out differently. They begin to make crackling sounds or smoke heavily (both options are possible at once), after which a strong crackle or pop often follows and the lamp stops working altogether.

But in fact, in an LED lamp, some of its elements often simply fail, which can be eliminated with simple manipulations with a soldering iron. In order to fix this problem with your own hands, you need to unscrew the LED light bulb.

Very often, the problem due to which LED bulbs stop working is burnt-out LEDs. They burn mainly due to improper or poor-quality installation. Burnt-out LEDs can be replaced and in eighty percent of cases the LED bulb will be usable again.

Also, after opening, we check whether the capacitor has been damaged. With power surges, it is he who can cause the failure of the LED lamp. To check if everything is in order with the capacitor, simply remove the printed circuit board from the box of the LED lamp itself.

The photograph shows that the capacitor is not just swollen, but it exploded. The pop before the LED bulb stopped working was the sound of the capacitor bursting. A broken capacitor will have to be replaced with a similar one.

In radio parts stores, finding such a capacitor is not difficult. It is desirable to find completely identical.

After purchasing all the necessary parts, you can start repairing the LED lamp. First, using a soldering iron, you need to unsolder the burned-out LED.

This is what the soldered LED looks like:

If you could not find the right LEDs, then you can simply short-circuit the contacts directly. To do this, use solder and a soldering iron.

Shorted contacts should look something like this:

Our next step is to install a new capacitor. To do this, using a soldering iron and solder, we install a new capacitor in place.

After the capacitor is soldered, the LED light bulb needs to be assembled. To do this, we install the printed circuit board back into the body of the LED lamp, and close it with a light-diffusing cap from above.

Turn on the switch and the LED light works again.

Now, dear readers, you have learned how to repair LED light bulbs with your own hands.

Due to the high cost of an LED lamp, throwing it out after a breakdown is not a good idea. It's a shame if it broke the day after the warranty expired. This article is especially relevant for those who have relatively new light bulbs, the brightness of which has not yet decreased after a short time of operation.

To determine the cause of the breakdown and carry out even a light repair of LED lamps with your own hands, you need to have enough knowledge about their structure and principle of operation. Practice shows that most models break down for trifling reasons, they can be fixed at home, even without sufficient experience in lighting technology.

Briefly about the device and the principle of operation

A standard LED lamp consists of elements such as:

• Base - screwed into the cartridge, has contacts for supplying electric current.
• Driver - a device for adjusting the voltage, controlling overheating, rectifying AC to DC, ensuring the operation of the LED lamp in a certain voltage range.
• Radiator - Cooling powerful LEDs in branded household and industrial light bulbs.
• LEDs are semiconductor crystals that glow when direct current flows in one direction. Alternating current without a driver is fatal for them.
• Reflector and diffuser - devices that help to distribute light evenly and with the highest quality at the maximum angle (or specially set for special types of light bulbs).

The principle of operation is very simple: an alternating current is supplied from the network through the contacts to the driver, where it is rectified and sent to the LEDs. Excess heat is removed using a radiator or a board on which the LEDs are located.

Despite the huge variety of LED lamps that have found application in all areas of modern life, their structure is identical and differs only visually. AT LED lamps there is a transformer (sometimes in addition to the driver, and sometimes instead of it).

You can read more about the purpose of each element and the principle of operation in a separate article devoted specifically to these issues.

Preliminary check

How to repair an LED lamp? If it does not shine, then you should not immediately rush to disassemble it. First, you should still look for a box with a guarantee - what if today is the last day? Then urgently change. If the warranty has expired, then:

• Arm yourself with a voltmeter or multimeter, first you need to check the voltage in the apartment itself or in the house. It's all about the principle of operation of the LED light bulb driver. As mentioned above, it determines the operation of the LEDs. The standard parameters are the range of 170-260 volts. However, this range is not respected by unscrupulous manufacturers and unnamed "Chinese", reducing it to 190-240. When these parameters are reached, the driver will turn off the LEDs so that a weak or strong current does not damage them. Therefore, it makes sense to check the voltage in the house, if it differs from the norm of 220 V by 20–30 volts in any direction, put the light bulb aside for a while. Check it early in the morning, when everyone is asleep, neither the residents of your house nor the neighbors use electrical appliances (pre-take voltage measurements again). Maybe, with normal parameters, the light bulb will shine, as if nothing had happened.
• The second most common case is the breakdown of a chandelier or lamp. To do this, screw the light bulb suspected of breaking where the lamp works exactly. To complete the experiment, screw the guaranteed working light bulb into place of the previous one. If a “broken” light bulb burns in a new place, and a working one does not want to burn in the old one, the conclusion is obvious. If all the bulbs retained their properties when changing places, we move on.

• We check the integrity of the fuses, especially if the meter is old. Damaged or blown fuses can break the integrity of the network, and some sections of it will stop working. This is especially true if there is a suspicion that the lamp is broken. Check all the switches, toggle switches, fuses, sockets and switches near the chandelier - if nothing has burned out anywhere, has it closed. Everything that is out of order - we change.

• Now you should divide the lighting fixtures into two categories - LED and those where LED bulbs are screwed. Let's talk about the repair of LED lamps.
• Their structure is very similar to a light bulb, only the scope is larger. LED chandeliers are a series of LEDs connected in series. Their light is controlled by a power supply. De-energize the apartment, remove the panel, ring it with a multimeter. Perhaps the matter is in the power supply - a common problem with such chandeliers. Finding it on radio markets is easy. If the replacement did not help, then go to the contacts. We clean them with a cotton swab with alcohol, check and solder the wires if necessary. If this does not help, then the problem is in the LEDs. They are connected in series, if one burns out, they all go out. The complexity of their enumeration tends to infinity as the number of LEDs in the circuit increases (more than 6 pieces), so it can be easier to perform a mass replacement of LEDs, all at once (buy high-quality elements, for example, Online). Such a radical measure will definitely fix the problem - only the purchase of a new chandelier is more global.

• There are similar measures in an ordinary chandelier: ring, check the contacts, clean the cartridges. If this does not help, we change the cartridges and wires to new ones. Before doing this, make sure with the help of the device that current is supplied to the chandelier. Such drastic measures will definitely put the chandelier in order. Does the lamp still not turn on? But the lamp was prevented.

At the current stage, we have made sure that the problem is a malfunction of the LEDs in the light bulb, so now we are starting to diagnose and prevent it. What can be done to repair burnt out lamps?

LED light bulb repair

• To start repairing the LED lamp, you should try to disassemble it. Unfortunately, not all samples have a collapsible body, some, made in China, are disposable - their body is soldered at the factory, and disassembly without damaging the internal components is impossible. Don't waste your time, they are not that expensive to try to fix them yourself. But if you're interested, you can try. Usually you should start with a base or diffuser, they are held weaker than the main body, but they also hide the most important elements of the light bulb - the driver and the LED block, respectively.
• We start repairing the LED driver - we call it. You should start with it because it is he who is the first in line to supply current to the LED. The driver is a complex structure containing many elements, so we arm ourselves with a good table lamp and a magnifying glass if necessary. We check capacitors, resistors, loops. This is a delicate matter - even visually intact elements can have an open circuit inside, so you have to check everything. In most light bulbs, capacitors and resistors are soldered on top, so they can be replaced with new ones (also ring them before installation so as not to do extra work). If there is another disassembled light bulb with similar parameters, you can test the driver on it. It doesn’t work - it’s easier to buy a new light bulb, it works - the repair was successful, we move on.

It should be noted that it is in this way that Chinese chandeliers and Chinese LED light bulbs, including corn lamps.

• We look through all the paths of the circuit from the driver to the LED, for prevention we wipe it with a cotton swab slightly moistened with alcohol - this will definitely not hurt LED lamps for 220 V.

• Using a digital multimeter, we ring the LEDs. Further actions depend on the type of crystals. If this is one crystal with a lens soldered into the chip, you will have to solder the entire chip, it is almost impossible to fix malfunctions of this type of LED elements at home (to solder it, you will have to stock up on a soldering iron with a very thin tip). If the SMD diodes are burned out (and most likely they are installed in the light bulb), then they are quietly soldered and replaced with new ones (before installing them, do not forget to check them with a multimeter so as not to accidentally put burnt crystals).

• At this stage, the light bulb should work, because all important components have been checked. Does not work - double-check everything again, maybe which cable was not wiped. It still does not work - with a clear conscience, send it to the trash can. If everything is in order - welcome to the world of live electrical engineering, pleasant use.

Flashing LED light

The question is moved to a separate paragraph, because this problem is often found in everyday life, and many do not know how to fix the LED lamp in this case. Moreover, blinking is of two types:

• In the off state, the light blinks brightly, the frequency is different - from once a second to several times a minute, or even an hour. At this point, even the replaced lamp continues to flash. There are cases when in the dark it is barely noticeable, weakly lit - this also leads to gradually burning out LEDs, and repair is necessary.
• When turned on, it periodically goes out for a second or even for several minutes, then lights up again.

The first case occurs due to the presence of a switch with an indicator. Its operation is ensured by the flow of a small current through a weak diode, so it glows. This current continues its way into the chandelier, charging the capacitor in the bulbs. When sufficient charge is accumulated, the driver tries to start the glow, but it stops instantly after the capacitor is discharged. Can this problem be solved at home? In such a situation, you need to use a resistor connected in parallel between the switch and the light bulb, which dampens the weak current. As an additional load, an incandescent lamp is used in the same circuit, a miniature version is enough for literally 10 watts. You can also change the switch to a version without an indicator.

It happens that flashing is observed even with a conventional switch. This is caused by incorrect connection of the contacts - the phase is supplied to the light bulb constantly, and zero opens. It will be correct if the switch opens the phase, and zero is constant. In a modern 220 volt lamp (for example, Gauss), the LEDs are protected from such exposure by installed resistors.

If there is a periodic shutdown of the lamps during their operation, this can be caused by two reasons: a constantly changing mains voltage or a malfunction in the contacts. The first problem is solved by stabilizing the voltage with the help of appropriate devices or replacing the light bulb with one that has a larger operating range. The second - in the way that is described in the repair point for LED lamps (dialing and wiping contacts, soldering damaged resistors and capacitors).

Conclusion

Repair of LED lamps can most often be done at home. For this it is enough to have digital multimeter, soldering iron, cotton swabs and alcohol. A thorough inspection of all important components and elements will identify the problem the first time, and careful work will restore the damaged areas. The main thing is not to throw out the light bulb at the first sign of a breakdown, most often the damage is so simple that it is doable to fix it yourself and takes very little time. And buying high-quality lamps (for example, Gauss) will give you a guarantee from the manufacturer.

When an electric incandescent lamp fails, it can be used for various crafts. To do this, you need to know how to disassemble the light bulb. The tools used are thin-nosed pliers and a screwdriver. Be sure to need gloves to protect your hands from cuts. The components of the lamp are shown in the photo below.

What does a disassembled lamp look like?

The lamp consists of electrodes with a spiral, a glass container and a base (in the photo - from left to right). The spiral is fixed on the electrodes, one of which is attached by soldering to the base sleeve, and the other - to its central contact. There is an insulating glass between the sleeve and the contact. When assembling the lamp, the sleeve is filled with an inert gas so that the spiral does not quickly oxidize and does not burn out.

Fluorescent and energy-saving lamps contain poisonous desks of mercury inside, you need to work with them carefully so as not to damage the flask.

Lamp disassembly

An ordinary incandescent lamp can be easily disassembled, there are no harmful substances inside it. This is done in the following way:

1. It is necessary to grab the soldered contact at the bottom with thin-nosed pliers, loosen it and turn it until the two wires leading to the heating body break, then remove the contact.
2. With thin-nose pliers, the base insulator is carefully cracked. This is done carefully as it is made of thick glass.
3. The remaining inside of the light bulb ("leg") is loosened and removed. The "leg" is made of glass, which should be handled with care. Together with it, the filament body, electrodes and hooks are removed. The bulb is then cleaned inside with a cloth.

Removing the "legs" of the incandescent lamp from the bulb

The work is connected with glass, so it is done over a box or sheets of paper.

The result is an original container made of heat-resistant glass, which can be used for the following crafts:

• fill inside with water and lower the stems of small plants, such as flowers, into it;
• pour a flammable liquid to the bottom, lower the wick into it and use the light bulb as a source of light or heat;
• glue the light bulbs together and fix them like a lampshade around a source of electric light;
• put a beautiful craft inside the light bulb, for example, a sailboat;
• pour earth on the bottom of the flask and plant a small plant;
• use as a miniature aquarium;
• make a small container for storing spices and choose a suitable lid that should fit the base.

If a metal base is not needed, it can be carefully broken off by first scratching the junction with the bulb with a glass cutter or diamond file. You can lower the base into hydrofluoric acid or a mixture of hydrochloric acid and ammonium nitrate. After the metal dissolves, only the glass part will remain. You can also bend the base at the point of contact with the glass, and then crumble the glue and remove the flask. The old incandescent lamp has a not very strong connection, as a result of which it becomes easier to separate the base.

Disassembly of a lamp with a cartridge

When unscrewing the lamp from the socket, it may break or separate without a base. To disassemble the cartridge, do the following:

1. Gloves and goggles are worn to protect against glass fragments. If the lamp is located high, you should wear a hat.
2. The electricity is turned off and the absence of voltage is checked by the indicator. The light bulb can be connected with a switch on the neutral wire, and not on the phase. In the electrical panel, the machine is turned off, through which power is supplied to the lighting line (the light bulb also belongs to it).
3. Next, you need to collect the fragments from the floor with a dustpan and a broom and throw them in the trash. If there are glass residues on the plinth, thick paper or cardboard should be laid underneath.
4. The base is unscrewed with pointed pliers counterclockwise. If it does not give in, it must be loosened by rotation in both directions. You can try to unscrew the cartridge by turning it counterclockwise. If this succeeds, it will not be difficult to unscrew the base in the future. If it does not unscrew by the edges, you should move the pliers apart and, with an emphasis on the inner walls of the base, unscrew it. The edges of the plinth can be bent inward with a flat screwdriver. Then it will be better to grab them with pliers when twisting. The contacts of the cartridge lose their elasticity over time and deform when the lamp is screwed in. They need to be constantly bent when replacing lamps.

A compact fluorescent lamp consists of a lamp with an electronic control gear (ECG) integrated into the housing in the area of ​​the base. The lamp must not be disassembled as it contains poisonous mercury vapours, and the starter can be accessed for repair. To do this, use a flat wide screwdriver to unfasten the latches one by one, as shown in the figure below.

The process of disassembling a compact fluorescent lamp

Old lamps are hard to disassemble, because the plastic becomes hard from prolonged heating, and the latches break. They can be cut off by running a sharp blade along the seam several times, and then opening the halves. In the future, they will have to be glued together. Disassembly will be easier if you heat the case with a building hair dryer.

Inside there is an electronic ballast connected to the base contacts with short wires.

How a compact fluorescent lamp works

First of all, the multimeter checks the health of the filaments indicated on the board A1-A2 and B1-B2. Their resistance is 9-10 ohms. If a coil break is detected, it is shunted with a resistor with a power of at least 1 W and with the same resistance. This removes the diode shunting the filament.

Sometimes there is a fuse in the control circuit. If it burns out, a few ohm resistor is installed instead.

With serviceable threads, the condition of the board is checked: the presence of damage, burnt elements and the quality of the soldering. Then the serviceability of the parts is determined. Most often, a breakdown of transistors or a resonant capacitor occurs. Can fail: input limiting resistor, electrolytic capacitor, rectifier diodes.

Bulbs burn out on start up. Therefore, their durability is determined by the number of inclusions.

If both filaments burn out, the lamp can be recycled, and a serviceable electronic board can be used to power a tubular fluorescent lamp, if it is suitable for power.

You can extend the life of the CFL by drilling small holes for ventilation around the perimeter of the case (one row near the base and one in the middle).

Disassembly of the LED lamp

LED lamps are dismantled for the purpose of repair. For this, it is not necessary to have great knowledge in the field of electronics. First of all, the voltage supply to the contacts of the cartridge into which the lamp is screwed is checked. If there is power, but it does not burn, then the reason is in the lamp. A simple way to check is to screw a working lamp into a socket. To test the circuit, the type of lamp is not important.

The structure of the LED lamp

• frame;
• plinth;
• light diffuser;
• block of LEDs;
• driver.

The case does not require tightness and the presence of a gaseous environment inside, although models that are completely similar in appearance to incandescent lamps have now become popular.

The bulb of the lamp is made of glass or plastic. In the upper part there is a diffuser of light rays made of plastic.

Socles are used the same as for incandescent lamps: E27 and E14. Foreign models have an E26 base and are often rated for 110 V.

The block consists of several groups of LEDs, which are soldered onto textolite or aluminum boards. Each lamp is connected in series.

Drivers are power supplies that convert the input voltage to the optimal voltage for groups of LEDs. Transformer power circuits are common. Drivers can be built into the case or run as a separate unit.

Damage detection

The light-scattering dome is arranged on latches, by unhooking which, you can access the inside. It can be attached to the housing with screws that must be unscrewed.

Disassembled LED lamp

After disassembly, the lamp power circuit is checked for external damage. If no burnouts are found, they are checked with a multimeter.

Burnout can be seen on the LEDs. In this case, they must be replaced. The rest of the parts are also called, and the faulty ones are replaced. It is recommended to replace the current-limiting capacitor with another one whose operating voltage is 400 V. If it is rated for 220 V, it may fail. When a suitable LED cannot be found, a 0.25 W resistor is connected instead, and the value depends on the lamp power.

The assembly of the LED lamp is done in the reverse order.

Incandescent LED lamp

1. Remove the solder on the bottom contact of the incandescent lamp base by melting it with a soldering iron.
2. Use needle-nose pliers to break the black glass that serves as insulation.
3. Use a screwdriver to remove the glass leg and remove everything from the lamp. Maximize the opening.
4. Solder a circuit of three LEDs by connecting them in parallel and adding a 56 ohm resistor to each. The resistor is soldered to the “+” of the LED (Figure below a). The resistance value may be different as it depends on the power supply.
5. Solder two insulated voltage supply wires to the circuit.
6. Insert the resulting structure into the hole in the base and carefully unfold it inside the light bulb so that the wires do not close together.
7. Pull out the power wires from the hole in the base.
8. Check the light bulb by connecting it to the source constant voltage(Fig. b).
9. Fill the plinth inside with a hot glue gun and let it harden.

Making an LED lamp with your own hands

This way you can make a cheap and economical LED lamp, because the cost of the finished model is high, and low-quality products often come across.

We disassemble the lamp. Video

The answer to the question of how to disassemble the light bulb correctly can be obtained by watching this video.

The incandescent lamp is easily disassembled, many crafts can be made from it, but it is impossible to use the lamp for its intended purpose. You can only restore electronic devices CFL control and LED lamps located inside the base.