Child development at 8 and 9 months. Crisis period: what your child should be able to do at eight months

The first year of a child’s life is usually divided into four trimesters. Although this is not without some convention, it reflects the characteristic stages of the baby’s growth and development. The third trimester is the time of preparation of the body for a cardinal event: the child getting up on his feet. And the ninth, last month of the trimester can be called decisive in this regard.

If in the eighth month the child does not sit independently, then, with other favorable indicators, this can still be attributed to his individual characteristics or some random circumstances, for example, a recent illness. But if he doesn’t sit down on his own by the end of the ninth month, he can’t wait any longer. Consult a doctor!

The most common reason for such a lag is neurological disorders.

When did they appear? As a rule, even in the prenatal period, possibly at the time of birth. Although not very pronounced, they could still go unnoticed, and perhaps they only appeared for the first time now, because intensive development in recent months created an increased load on the nervous system and it broke down.

Button test

A healthy baby in the ninth month is very active. He crawls in different directions, sometimes spins very funny around his axis, stands up, grabbing the side of the playpen, and even tries to walk along it. But it also happens: he stood up, leaned on the side, looked triumphantly, pleased with himself and the whole world in general. And suddenly he began to cry bitterly. What's happened? I’m tired of standing, but I still can’t sit down from a standing position.

One of the features of the ninth month is the intensive development of small movements of the hand. Until recently, in order to grasp, say, a cube, a child needed his entire palm, which he used to act as a scoop: he scooped the cube, holding it with the tips of all five fingers. And then one day he was lazy, he carefully took this cube with two fingers, thumb and forefinger. Event, the line has been crossed! The ability to operate with two fingers is given important. Some experts, among other indicators of normal psychomotor development, offer the following: whether a child at 8-9 months old can hold a large button between the thumb and forefinger. (Naturally, this is only a test, don’t let your child play with a button!)

“Specialization” of the index finger also occurs, the baby touches an object that interests him with it, masters the pointing gesture: “there”, “there”.

While the parents may not have paid much attention to this considerable success, one new habit certainly did not go unnoticed: the child began to love pulling his cap or scarf off his head. Don’t consider this mischief, don’t be angry, but admire it, because this is also an indicator of normal development.

What else does he like? As before, throw your toys out of the playpen, knock a cube on the table or a cube on a cube - in a word, use your hands. Now he needs appropriate toys: light bowls that can be placed one inside the other, a pyramid of several rings, a box where it is so interesting to throw cubes, balls, rings, then shake them out and throw them again.

Hand work is also food for the mind, for knowledge of the properties of objects, it is an impetus for the first guesses and, finally, it is a very strong stimulus for the development of speech.

The ninth month is the threshold of the first word. The child willingly repeats various sound combinations after an adult - it is estimated that there are about eight of them in his capabilities; He babbles for a long time on his own - sometimes loudly, sometimes quietly, sometimes even dropping to a whisper.

The baby’s progress in understanding speech is very noticeable, if, of course, you constantly talk to him, name different objects, comment on your actions: “Now we’ll get dressed, put on panties... Now a blouse... Here it is, the blouse, oh, how beautiful ..."

It doesn’t matter that for now these are only your monologues, they prepare the dialogue and are deposited in the child’s mind. However, he is already capable of responding to you, if not in words, then in facial expressions and action. At your request, he will give you a pen and wave it to your dad leaving for work. He already knows his name, turns around when called, and, being in a good mood, gives you a charming smile.

At the end of the month, you can arrange a small check of the baby's achievements.

Drink some water (or juice), you say, handing your child a cup.

He readily takes it with both hands and drinks it. Of course, if you pour it full, it will definitely spill and get wet - you need to pour less than half.

Give me Lala, you ask. And he hands you a doll lying nearby that is well known to him.

Try to complicate the task by placing several toys in a row and ask: “Where is Lala (pussy, ball)?” The child finds the named toy first with his eyes, then points to it. Swap the toys and ask the same question. If now the child finds the toy correctly, and even extends his index finger to it, you can safely give both him and yourself a high five. So you're doing great with him! And if he didn’t cope with the task, don’t be upset, repeat the test in two or three weeks; the child has every right to take such an exam at 10 months.

Spoon on the right, bread on the left!

In the ninth month, nutrition becomes more complex. The second, third and fourth feedings consist of several dishes. In this regard, there is a need to set the table at which the child is sitting. Food should not only be tasty, but also have an attractive appearance.

The liquid dish should be poured into a plate, the puree or porridge should be placed on a saucer, and juices, fruit drinks, and jelly should be given from a glass or cup. The table should look beautiful. You need to put a clean napkin in front of the baby. You can't put the whole meal on the table at once.

Before feeding, you need to wash your baby's hands. This has not only hygienic significance. Water is one of the strongest irritants of the nerve endings of the skin. Washing your hands before eating will soon turn into a conditioned reflex, stimulating the secretion of the most active digestive juices, which increase appetite.

The development of the hand, which goes in parallel with the improvement of coordination of movements, opens up completely new opportunities for the child: the time has come to pick up a spoon and learn to eat independently.

It’s more convenient to do this not on your mother’s lap, but at the table, sitting on a high chair. Place a plate of porridge or puree in front of your child (you should start with thick food!), give him a spoon in his right hand, and a piece of bread or a cracker in his left. And be patient! The first thing the child will do is start banging the spoon on the table and try the plate. Calmly guide his hand, show him how to scoop some food onto a spoon, bring it to his mouth, and be sure to get it on his tongue and not under it.

Of course, a child will not immediately overcome these wisdom. And while he smears food on his cheeks and drops it on the table, you slowly feed him with your spoon, leaving a little for independent exercise. When you finish feeding your baby, wipe his cheeks and mouth with a soft napkin, or even better, wash him and don’t forget to praise him: what a great guy, he eats on his own!

Early use of a spoon not only instills independence skills, but makes the process of eating more attractive for the child, thereby improving appetite. It also has one more, somewhat unexpected advantage: like all other hand training options, it stimulates speech development.

Fish? Meat? Bouillon? What you can and cannot eat.

The child’s diet, his daily menu remains the same, it is advisable to give fish instead of meat only once or twice a week. What's good about her? Fish contains all the essential amino acids needed by a growing body, including methionine, which is not found in meat. It is rich in minerals, B vitamins, its proteins are absorbed more fully than meat proteins. Children are given low-fat fish - cod, hake. The main difficulty is to choose every single bone. It’s easier to do this if you boil the piece in salted water for 5-7 minutes, without bringing it to a boil, then, after removing the skin and bones, pass it through a meat grinder, let it boil - and the fish puree is ready. It can be mixed with vegetable puree, or you can put both on a plate separately.

The first test portions, as always, should be very small - less than a teaspoon. But if your baby has manifestations of diathesis and it turns out, for example, that he does not tolerate carrots or egg yolk, then it is better not to give him fish, since it will most likely cause an allergic reaction in him.

Broth - once a classic dish of dietary cuisine - now has to be squeezed out of the diet, at least for children. Even healthy children should be given meat soups no more than twice a week. The fact is that extractive substances, the same ones that give the broth a unique taste and aroma, are strong allergens. This is especially true for chicken broth extracts.

As a rule, the chicken itself can be given to a child. Chicken meat has some advantages over beef - it contains more complete and easier to digest proteins, it is softer, tastier, and children usually love it. It is better to use the upper, lean part of the carcass, removing the skin from it. As for the now so popular imported chicken legs, they are completely unacceptable for children.

Rabbit meat has almost no contraindications. It is especially beneficial for children due to its high iron content. In the rabbit, it is preferable to use, on the contrary, the back part, which contains fewer connective fibers.

Quantitatively, the child’s daily diet remains the same as before, that is, no more than a liter, which is approximately 1/8~1/9 of his own body weight.

By nine months, individual characteristics become more noticeable! They affect character, attitude towards food, and physical development. Body weight, for example, by the end of the month may be 8.5 kilograms for some children, 9.5 or even 10 kilograms for others. And all this is the norm.

Walking in general and walking today

The child should be in the fresh air every day and as much as possible. This, as they say, is an axiom that does not require proof. Although there is plenty of evidence. Special observations, scientific experiments, and life practice have established that maximum exposure to fresh air strengthens the child, increases his resistance to respiratory infections, has a beneficial effect on the nervous system - in a word, it becomes a universal preventive and often therapeutic agent.

“Indoor” and “greenhouse” children, protected from the slightest breeze, have a higher risk of anemia, retarded physical development, sleep and appetite disorders. Their cheeks are pale and their eyes are sad.

So the Russian pediatrician Professor A. A. Kisel was right a thousand times, who formulated the motto: “A day without a walk is a lost day!”, and even: “A room is a prison for a child!”

So, get some fresh air! Fresh, do you hear? But where is he - that's the question...

Unfortunately, today it is sometimes easier for us to provide our baby with foreign fruits and toys, diapers, walkers and other things than with an ordinary breath of clean air.

If you live in a rural area, or simply in an environmentally friendly area, your child is incredibly lucky: you can walk with him as much as you like. The golden rule “not a day without a walk” was written just for you!

But if you are residents of a big city, with an atmosphere polluted by industrial emissions, you have to think about and think about every walk again.

Neither rain, nor wind, nor fog in themselves are an obstacle to the festivities. But if the direction of the wind turned out to be such that it drove all the harmful emissions from factory chimneys into your area, if the meteorological conditions were such that smog, saturated with these emissions, hung over the city? Even the most ardent adherents of daily walks will forgive you if on such a day you leave the child at home or postpone the promenade until the evening, when the air is cleaner.

Sleeping near an open window to some extent, although far from completely, compensates for a missed walk. But again, consider what floor you live on and where your windows face. If the apartment is located high up and the windows overlook the courtyard, on some days an open window in the room may be more useful than walking along a polluted highway. And if you have a ground floor, and even windows facing the street, hurry with your child out of the house to at least a relatively clean green corner! Surely there is a park or square in your area. Is it difficult to get there several times a day (and the child needs three walks of one and a half to two hours)? Try to organize your routine so that you can take a walk in the park at least once, but for longer.

It is not advisable to use crowded city transport. What to do?

The most disadvantaged situation is the baby who is being driven along a city street in a low stroller. The concentration of harmful impurities, and just dust, is high at the bottom, and here the child breathes much dirtier air than, for example, his mother.

It is better for someone who is carried in their arms, but this is difficult for an adult. A backpack bag can help out. If the conditions that orthopedists insist on are strictly observed, this is a good type of transportation to the nearest green oasis.

It is better if you have a regular high stroller in your arsenal. It is somewhat cumbersome, but the child can sleep in it without bending over, like in a stroller, and sit awake. Just be careful! After all, he now sits down on his own, on his own initiative, and, looking at everything around him, may become interested in something lying on the ground, and, suddenly bending over, fall out of the stroller. Such injuries after 7-8 months are not uncommon.

A child needs a walk not only for fresh air, but also for new experiences and knowledge of the world around him. Take him for a walk in the park. Show (if you have) a pond with ducks, a fountain, flower beds with bright flowers. Let him touch the tree trunk, draw his attention to the older children playing. Let the world around him enter into him with light, colors, and warmth!

What can a baby do at 8 months?

At the age of eight months, a child can already do a lot. He is active, constantly in high spirits, moves a lot, pronounces many sounds, including individual syllables. It is no longer difficult for him to roll over from his back to his stomach and back; he crawls with all his might. A child at this age uses his hands quite skillfully and takes different objects. And he can boast of two lower incisors.

Based on the above, you have the opportunity to independently assess the psychophysical development of your child. If you suspect that his development is delayed in any way, contact your pediatrician for advice.

We have already said that it is dangerous to give small objects to a child, because he can put them in his ear or nose, and there may also be a danger of obstruction (blockage) of the respiratory tract. But this does not mean that the child should not be given small objects at all. Someday he needs to learn how to handle them!.. Take, for example, buttons. String them on a strong thread and let your baby (but always under the supervision of an adult) play with them. You will see how dexterous his fingers have become.

A nine-month-old child can already sit well - confidently and for a long time, without any help. He needs to be potty trained. Over time, the desire to go to the potty receives a sound designation - in the form of a very serious “ah-ah”. This very “ah-ah” makes life very easy for both mother and child - since it is very important not to miss a session. Gradually teach your baby to say a cute “ah-ah” when necessary.

Don't let your child sit on the potty for more than 7-8 minutes. It is harmful.

Don't distract your child while he's sitting on the potty. He must concentrate on “his business.” Otherwise, the child will sit for a long time. Don't give him toys while he's pottying.

Guests whom you respect and even love came to you, and your baby announced his “ah-ah”. Don’t even think about swearing at the baby, he did the right thing.

If your child sat on the potty for eight minutes and nothing ended, it is possible that after a while he will soil the diapers. In this case, you have every right to express your displeasure to your child. You should make the remark in a stern, but not angry voice. Perhaps not right away, but one day the child will understand why he is being reprimanded.

Your baby is nine months old. You must be prepared for the fact that one day you will see him standing. Of course, he is not yet able to stand without support. But, having grabbed the wall of the crib or playpen, he is already quite capable of getting up on his own. And he can even take a few steps... But then he drops to all fours again. Running on all fours is much more comfortable for him now.
At this age, the child sits freely for about fifteen minutes.

A child gains life experience by watching you or playing. So don't downplay the importance of games. Engage with your baby. The most convenient time for games is before lunch and before the evening swim. You should not disturb your child with games after eating - this interferes with the absorption of food; You should not excite your child with games before bedtime - sleep will be restless.

Teach your child to play independently. Independence in the game develops imagination. But first you must show your baby how to handle the toy. If the toy is collapsible (for example, a pyramid), disassemble and assemble it so that the child can see it. And then let him play on his own.

During the child’s play, it is advisable to exclude extraneous distractions. The child must concentrate on the game - and play calmly. Don't interfere with the game. A child who is accustomed to playing independently grows up independent.

Do not give your child more than two toys at a time. The abundance of toys distracts his attention. If a child wants to see you while playing and screams, do not rush to answer the call. Perhaps your child threw a toy out of the playpen and now wants you to return the toy. Why did you throw it away?.. From this small “misunderstanding” begins the development of a sense of responsibility for one’s actions.

As a game, teach your child to use a spoon - his hands are already dexterous enough for this. Also teach them to use a cup and bring its edge to their mouth. These practical skills will soon free up a lot of your time.

In the tenth month, you can weigh your baby no more than once every two weeks. You are already accustomed to this procedure; Moreover, they began to get tired of it (remember the time when they weighed the baby several times a day?). Continue recording your weight on your chart. And the next time you go to see a pediatrician, take the table with you. The doctor will monitor your child's weight dynamics with interest. The data from this table eloquently demonstrates the state of the baby’s health in all months of life.

You have probably already noticed that over time, your child began to gain weight more slowly, and the weight curve took on a flatter shape. Don't worry, this is normal.

In two weeks, the child gains weight from 140 to 200 grams.

As you already understand, children do not develop teeth at any specific time. For some a little earlier, for others a little later. By the tenth month, your baby may have four or even all six teeth (two on the bottom and two or four on top). If your child does not yet have four teeth at this age, wait a week or two - perhaps during this time the missing teeth will erupt. But if they have not appeared after this period, consult your pediatrician: you may need to consult a dentist. Or maybe, for some reason, your child lacks calcium and phosphorus salts, as well as vitamin D.

It happens that parents, concerned about the delay in the teething of the child's teeth, check every hour to see if they have appeared - and feel the baby's gums with their finger. You don't need to do this often. Firstly, this is not a very pleasant procedure; and secondly, you can introduce an infection into the child’s oral cavity. We touched it once and that was enough.

One of the reasons for late teething is a disease called rickets. Due to a lack of vitamin D in the body, calcium and phosphorus are poorly deposited in the bones; bone growth is impaired. This important vitamin is formed in human skin under the influence of sunlight. If you are concerned that your child has not yet developed enough teeth, think about whether your baby is getting enough sunbathing.

Manifestations of rickets (if you do not take urgent and competent measures and do not follow doctor’s orders) can remain for life. Therefore, know that it is better to prevent rickets - even in its most minor manifestations. From the first days of life, keep it under control
“communicate” your child with the sun, and also take care of your child’s constant supply of vitamin D through food. Remember that it is easier to prevent any disease than to treat it later.

Your child not only sits independently, actively crawls and even stands with support, he is already overcoming obstacles, making persistent attempts to climb onto a bench, stool, or chair. And he succeeds more and more often. This behavior is the age norm. You should not see this as a whim or a manifestation of stubbornness. On the contrary, we need to help. Conditions should be created for the child’s acrobatic exercises - so that there is something to climb on (on a low bench), and so that it does not hurt to fall. The child gets tired of monotony and strives to conquer his peaks. The child's body grows in movement.

What can a 9 month old baby do?

turns babble into sound serenades;
shows the nose, mouth and other parts of the body of the mother, the doll, in the mirror, sometimes correctly “getting” the finger into the right place;
sticks his fingers in all the holes;
knows how to tear and crumple paper, crumples clay in his palm;
can leaf through thick pages of a cardboard book;
sits down independently, sits, walks with support, crawls;
stands up without support;
rhythmically jumps and squats at a support or holding mother's hands.

Safety precautions in the ninth month of a child’s life

Until recently, it seems, the contemplation of toys was enough for the baby, but now he already acts with them very energetically - he squeezes a rubber doll, knows how to roll a ball, puts nesting dolls one into another. True, he often diligently tries to push a larger one into a smaller one or pull a shoe stolen from a doll onto a cube. But this is also the path of knowledge!

Now the baby no longer has enough of a blanket spread on the floor - before you even have time to look back, he will crawl away from this playground and end up in the far corner of the room. This means it’s time to ensure the safety of the space available to the child.

Children love to explore all sorts of cracks, holes, and recesses. You may have already noticed how persistently your child tries to stick his finger into the ear of a rubber hare or into the buttonhole of his blouse. Imagine how tempting an electrical outlet would be for him! And the first thing you should do is purchase blank fuses. If there are wires of electrical appliances, say, a floor lamp, on the floor, check their serviceability. At the same time, see if a child, when busy with a floor lamp, could knock it over on himself? He will also want to pull the tablecloth hanging from the table. What if there is a cup of hot tea on it?

A high chair for children also requires checking, even if it is new, and even more so if you inherited it, as they say, from friends. Are there any small parts or screws that the previous owner has already loosened? Otherwise, your baby will only have to complete the job by pulling them out and putting them in his mouth. Is the device secure enough to prevent you from falling out by pulling forward? Is the chair itself stable, and can a child, leaning back sharply, fall along with it?

When you sit your baby in a high chair for the next feeding, do not place a plate with something hot next to it. Quite a few babies got burns after joyfully slapping their palms on hot semolina...

Don't forget to browse the toys. A child is already quite capable of bringing a rattle to such a state that some small parts are about to fall out of it, or getting to the “filling” of a soft teddy bear. These are usually pieces of styrofoam, and you can be sure that they will be tasted and possibly swallowed.

In general, soft toys already become the most beloved, and the attachment to some shabby, worn-out bear often remains until school years. Apparently, such a toy not only entertains, but also somehow calms, warms, and is perceived almost as alive and friendly.

When choosing soft toys, choose synthetic fur rather than natural fur. Animals made from synthetics are easier to wash from time to time and cause less risk of allergic reactions. New toy It is also better to first wash in warm water, then dry and comb; Maybe it will lose a little beauty, but you will be sure that you have washed away the remnants of formaldehyde that are usually used to treat such products. And although it is allowed only in harmless quantities, it is better not to have it at all.

When buying any toy, you have the right to inquire about the certificate for it, find out whether the materials from which it is made are safe for a child, especially what the dyes are. With domestic and imported toys purchased from large stores, this risk is low, since they must go through inspection. Don’t buy baby toys at all from the market!

There should be few toys in the child’s field of vision: five or six. Among them it is permissible to include some light can with a lid. It remains a mystery why children are more willing to play with ordinary kitchen utensils than with expensive toys designed and manufactured by specialists. However, this is not the only riddle that kids ask...

The child grows and requires more and more attention. He moves actively and tries to satisfy his curiosity.At this age, the child is already actively crawling, which means that dangerous objects should be removed.after all, he strives to explore everything he sees.
He is active all the time when he is not sleeping. During walks, gymnastics, as well as bathing and even feeding.During feedings, the baby is also active and often feeding becomes fun for the baby,but not a very pleasant event for mom - after all, she then has to clean the kitchen of food.

Baby's sleep at 8-9 months

Day time has now become two times a day; the baby already needs less time during the day to gain strength. The child sleeps for one and a half to two hours and this time is enough for him to fully rest. If your child is too active and energetic, it may not be possible to put him down for a second nap. If this continues long enough, you can leave him one nap during the day, which means he gets enough rest during one nap. Which, by the way, can sometimes last three or four hours. Monitor your child's well-being and activity. If he is not capricious, cheerful and active, then he is getting enough rest. Night sleep should not be reduced; the child should still sleep about 11-12 hours.

Baby mode 8-9 months - Bathing

They are still a very interesting activity for the baby. If they are organized correctly, the child receives a charge of positive emotions from them. Purchase a variety of bath toys for bath play. They do not drown, they are bright and interesting. You can purchase various fountains and mills that are attached to the bathroom wall directly above the bathtub. Water is poured into them, which then goes down, setting the blades in motion. The baby will be happy to pour water into such toys.
Of course, bathing is not limited to just games. Children usually don't really like to wash their hair. Try to put this procedure into a playful form, then this action will bring only joyful impressions to the child.
Bathing can last, depending on the child’s wishes, up to 20-25 minutes. Babies who do not like water and bathe only when necessary can spend 5-10 minutes in the bathroom.

Nutrition of a child at 8-9 months

At 8-9 months it expands and in its main components approaches the adult diet. Now the baby can eat not only at his high chair, but also move him to the adult table. Try to teach your baby and... Be patient - the baby will not immediately get the spoon into his mouth, so he will be all smeared, and most likely - not only he, but everyone around him. A child at this age receives breakfast, lunch, dinner and afternoon tea, just like the adult members of his family.If the mother still has milk, breastfeeding continues, because the baby still needs it. And not only in the milk itself, but also in the most important thing - communication with mommy.

More and more successes - 8 months behind...

Social development

As you remember, by eight months the child has formed a clear attachment to a close adult (most often to the mother). The baby is ready to spend every second of his life with his mother. Now “business cooperation”, communication and even “dialogue” have arisen between you against the background of speech imitation. And a fun game has become a favorite reason for such interaction.

Scientists note that it is at the end of the first year of life and at the beginning of the second social development the child comes first and leads all other lines: speech, actions with objects, mastery of the first skills.
Interest in adults intensifies. Curiosity about the world around him fuels him. In addition, he observes not only adults, but also other children, and imitates some of their actions. If a child has older brothers or sisters, he reaches out to them, demonstrating his love and desire to communicate.

Your child begins to join social culture by imitating the actions of adults. For example, he already eats food with a spoon, drinks from a cup, holding it with his hands, puts his head on a pillow, etc.

This is important; this “reflective ability” of a baby is the basis of its psychophysical development. It is no coincidence that physiologists note that by seven to nine months the mass (weight) of a child’s brain doubles. This means that every day is significant for the baby. Zones of the cerebral cortex are formed and actively developing: speech, motor; general locomotor and finger motor skills, etc.

At the age of nine months, the child does not yet separate himself from you (the person caring for him), he feels the need for you day and night, but he already feels his place in the family. Try to always act in such a way that the baby can feel all his value to you. Right now, the child learns from you to love his neighbors, the world, and himself.

New milestones in a child's emotional development

Enrich your child's feelings with your presence and participation in his life. It may not be so noticeable at first glance, but the child is very sensitive to what concerns your attitude towards him. He begins to react emotionally to reproach addressed to him, while expressing negative emotions. And when praised, he does not hide a joyful smile.
Fill your baby's emotional life with light and joy. As child psychologists note, already at this age the baby receives from his parents, through their address, tone, intonation, words - information about himself, from which his self-esteem is gradually built. Therefore, you cannot tell your child: “You are bad” if he does something wrong, because this way you give a negative assessment of his personality. It’s better to say: “You did something bad. I do not allow". In this option, you evaluate only his actions. Then you need to show the baby exactly how to do it. It is also important what tone and intonation you use to say this.

The result of the ninth month of a child’s life can be considered a complication of social status: it is social development that begins to lead to overall development. This means that for the psychophysical comfort of a child, the environment in which he grows up is extremely significant - how people communicate with each other, how they express their emotions, how they are perceived in the family and what the general culture of life is.

Complex development of a child in the 9th month of the first year of life
Toys for children

In games with a child of eight and nine months of age, you can use:
. rubber ball and other toys for physical development,
. toy hammer with wooden pegs,
. pyramid with rings, inserts,
. small rattles and rubber squeakers,
. cubes of various shapes,
. music and gaming centers,
. bath toys,
. Tumbler dolls of different sizes (from 10 to 25 cm) attract the attention of children. To show children, they need 1-2 large dolls (about 40 cm high), depicting children in beautiful clothes. They can be voiced and animated (for example, a walking doll).
. figurines of dolls and dolls made of soft materials (fabric, soft plastics, rubber) are figurative toys in which the features of a person’s appearance are understandable to a child (large bright eyes, flexible arms, legs). Dolls can be flat or three-dimensional, measuring 10-20 cm.
. toys depicting animals (also called figurative). They should, if possible, make sounds characteristic of the animal (not loud, but expressive). Soft-stuffed, plastic and rubber toys that convey the main features of the animals depicted (bear, hare, horse) are good.
. catchy, dynamic, funny toys with a surprise (pecking hens, chicks, jumping frog).
. For the first display (story) games, you need toys depicting some household items: toy plates with a diameter of about 7-10 cm, cups the size of a child’s hand, scraps of different fabric measuring 50x50 cm.
Story game time!

Around 9 months, the time comes when the child begins to master story games - games with toys depicting humans or animals. Their importance for the development of a child is very great.
Firstly, in this way the baby learns about the purpose of household items and learns to use them.
Secondly, by “communicating” with toys, he acquires such important human qualities as caring and compassion.
In addition, story-based games contribute to the development of the baby’s speech. Of course, a child can only learn such games with the help of an adult or older children.

To find out how to properly play story games with a nine-month-old child, follow this link.
We develop coordination of movements, the concept of cause-and-effect relationships

Game "Learning to throw"

Find a bucket or box and select toys that make an attractive sound when dropped into the bucket. Place the box so that it is easier for your child to throw toys. After a while, put it on the other side. The child will have to either reach in the other direction or transfer the toy from one hand to the other. Give him a toy more large size so that he begins to operate with both hands. This is how the ability to manipulate objects develops.

Game "Surprise Bag"

Wrap the toys in several layers of paper. Give your child the opportunity to unwrap it. The baby's perception develops. He gets an idea of ​​the permanence of objects and learns to control the movements of his hands.

Game "Trick with handkerchiefs"

This game teaches you to perform various manipulations with objects, practice new movements and improve existing ones, train attention and develop the ability to observe, and develop the ability to spontaneously express emotions.
Prepare six scarves of different colors for the game. Then tie them together to make a long ribbon. Hide the knitted scarves in your bosom so that the tip of one of them peeks out.

Sit next to your child, smile, talk to him affectionately. Draw your baby's attention to the edge of the scarf that is peeking out from under your clothes. Invite him to pull the edge of the handkerchief. If the child does not immediately understand what is required of him, start pulling the handkerchiefs yourself, and the baby will then help you.

Gradually pulling out the scarf, name its color. And be sincerely surprised and glad that another one follows him. Name the color of the next scarf. This game will bring pleasure to your baby.

Game "Magic Box"

You can use any box, preferably in the shape of a cube (40 cubic cm), and make slits in it measuring approximately 15 x 15 cm, with the exception of the side that serves as a support. Small toys (3-7 cm), for example, balls, bells, fish, ducks... tie to a ribbon. Pass the ribbon with toys through the top and side holes, and tie the ends together. The entire garland is placed in a box.
To start the game, draw your child's attention to the box. Pull the ribbon and take out one toy after another. Give the toys to the baby and name them. Then pull the ribbon again and remove subsequent toys from the box. Let the child examine each toy and play with it.
Then teach your child to consistently take the toys one after another, pulling them by the ribbon. If something doesn’t work out for your child, calmly help him.
Development of fine motor skills and tactile sensations

Development of a child's fine motor skills

Cubes, rings, garlands...

To develop your child’s fine motor skills, it is advisable for you to have unpainted wooden blocks and rings (you can use parts from a construction set that your older children play with). It is necessary that these toys be made of wood (and not plastic): only relatively heavy objects can provide the child’s hands with sufficient muscle load.
From such rings and bars of various sizes, it will be possible to assemble garlands by drilling holes in them, stringing them on a rope or ribbon, and separating them from each other with knots. The distance between the parts should be at least 2 cm so that the child can, if desired, “examine” each of them separately.
You can also collect other toys, such as rattles, in such garlands by attaching them to ribbons. In this case, the child will not drop or lose toys while looking at them. Remember that the ribbons should not be too long - up to half a meter, and the child should play with unattached garlands only in the presence of an adult.

Toys in a transparent box

Place the toys in a clear plastic box. Let your baby try to remove the lid. If he doesn’t succeed, open the lid yourself and give the child the box again - let him continue his efforts.

Opposing the thumb

When your child can easily remove the rings from the pyramid shaft, offer him a stack of plastic or wooden plates or bowls. Taking a plate or bowl from a stack is a more difficult task, requiring more “manual dexterity” from the baby.
Draw your child's attention to the colorful plates that are stacked. Take one plate by the edge, hand it to the child, say: “Take the plate!”
If the baby performs the action incorrectly, turn his hand back down, place a plate on his palm and press his thumb on top of it. Then the child acts with the object independently. Give him all the plates one by one.

"Tactile" game

Give your baby a box with different pieces of fabric that he will be interested in touching. Be sure to put there pieces of rough, hard material and smooth, silky ones. A well-chosen set can include a small square of linoleum, playing card, a large cork, a piece of velvet or satin and a sponge. By taking pieces of these objects out of the box and putting them back in, the child begins to distinguish between materials tactilely.

Duct tape

Place a piece of tape on the back of your child's hand. The child will be interested in tearing off this tape.
We develop understanding of speech and sound, speech development

A baby's babble includes almost all the sounds of his native language. But as a new and fragile skill, babbling can quickly fade away if you don’t pay enough attention to your baby’s attempts to communicate. To establish a two-way dialogue, use the following advice: when a child tells you something in his language, try to reproduce his phrase - for him this will mean “Yes, I understand you!” - and only then add what you were going to say yourself: “That’s right, it’s a cat, meow-meow. Here she is!"

When communicating with your child, try to speak in short, familiar phrases. When you feed, change clothes, wash your baby or play with him, comment on what is happening all the time. At eight months, the child has not yet mastered the meaning of words, but with his babbling he can perfectly express desires and intentions. With a cheerful “ta-ta-ta,” the little one most likely wants to invite you to dance. And the persistent “ma-ma-ma” may mean a request to take him in your arms.
Include babbling words in your speech: eider-duck, matryoshka-baba, bibi-machine, etc. This way you activate the child’s speech.

Attention to different sounds

Draw your child's attention to different sounds, always naming their source: telephone, doorbell, daddy's steps, rain, water flowing from a tap, dog barking, etc. By reacting to sounds, a little person learns to listen, and this is very important for development speech.

Start of a new day

From the moment you wake up, you should set the tone for the whole day, remembering that a mother’s smile emotionally “charges” the baby. Before you lift your baby out of the crib, talk to him from afar - smile at him, leaning over the crib. Give a smile and wait for the child to smile at you. If the baby reaches out to you, stroke and kiss his fingers. Touch the head gently and stroke the hairs.
Address your child affectionately, calling him by name. This can be done several times, then call him affectionate names: for example, “my little bunny,” “kisinka,” “sunny,” etc.
Take your baby in your arms and dance with him, singing a cheerful tune. Approach, holding the baby in your arms, to the window. Say: “Good morning, sunshine!” Make a greeting motion with your hand and then with your child's.
Say hello to the pre-arranged toys: “Hello, Mishka!”, “Hello, Bunny!”, “Hello, Matryoshka!”, “Good afternoon, everyone!” And your day will be truly good.

Voice over animals (folklore)

Place your baby on your lap, rock him and read the pestle rhythmically.
For one rhythm:

Let's go and ride on a horse
Along the smooth, smooth path.
The princess invited us to visit
Eat sweet pudding.
Two dogs at the doorstep
We were told very strictly...
How do dogs talk?
Bow-wow!

Repeat, changing the names of the “animals on the doorstep,” until the child gets tired of it.

Two kittens - meow-meow!
Two dogs - woof-woof!
Two ducklings - quack-quack!
Two chickens - pee-pee-pee!
Two calves - Mu! Mu!
Two sheep - Beat! Bang!
Two kids - Mee! Mee!
Two frogs - qua-qua!

Hide and seek with names

Play hide and seek with your child, alternately covering him and yourself with a scarf and calling him and yourself: “Where is mommy? Here's mom! Where is Vanya? Here is Vanya! The game will become even more exciting if several kids play it, and each of them is covered with a scarf in turn. You don’t have to hide behind a scarf: try using daddy’s back, the headboard of the bed, or just your own palms for this purpose (your baby will do the same, repeating your movements). However, once you get carried away by the game, do not forget that the main thing in it is not the search process itself, but remembering the names of the participants.

Game "Give me a toy"

Place three different toys in a box. Name one of the toys and ask your child to give it to you. If he does it correctly, feign noisy delight.

Pestushki

During this period, emotional communication takes place at a new, higher level of relationship: the adult for the first time begins to “teach” the child play actions based on imitation, using the best traditions of folk pedagogy and folklore for little ones.
The child’s nurturing is enriched with so-called “learned actions” - games of “okay”, “goodbye”, “hide and seek”, “peek-a-boo”, etc. You can take examples of such folklore poems on our website in the article “Pestushki”.

Simple requests

Teach your child to perform simple actions at your request. To do this, first demonstrate the action yourself, telling the child what you are doing and asking him to repeat your movements. In the future, try to replace the demonstration with a verbal request. For example, ask your child to bring you a toy. When he learns to do this, complicate the task and use several toys at once, from which the child must bring you exactly the one you name.

Game "Teremok"

Play “teremok” with your baby. To do this, place several animals in a toy house, and together with your child, call them out of the house. After the game, you can read the fairy tale “Teremok” to your child, asking him to show each of its characters.

First books

And communication with a book that the baby “reads” with his mother is a leap forward towards the development of his speech development, as well as imaginative thinking and intelligence, and expansion of his worldview. A good book generously fills a child’s need for new information and gives him new impressions that will stay with him for life. How to choose the right books for babies in the second half of life - read the article “Reading to a child. How to choose the right book for a baby in his first year of life? This article was compiled according to the recommendations of professional teachers and philologists.
About educational videos, techniques, etc..

But it is generally not recommended to buy “Developmental” videos and let a small child watch them - this is discussed in the article “Developmental children's videos - the other side of the coin.” You also need to limit your child from TV and cartoons.

Yes, yes, imagine: a baby can and should be raised throughout the first year of life!

But to educate with love means to prove in his own “language” that he is loved, that he is safe: confidence in his mother’s love for a baby is a source of vitality, helping him to develop correctly, without fear of life. Based on maternal love, his own self-esteem, self-confidence and security are already laid in the subconscious...

How to achieve this - read the article: “The first year of a child’s life - Parenting with love”

How to tell your child “no”

At this age, the baby is already quite good at distinguishing different facial expressions and shades of voice and intonation. If you say “no” sternly, the child will stop what he is doing, at least for a few seconds.
Believe me, now the child understands and feels much more than we think. And therefore, it’s time to remember the need for the first prohibitions. You can read more about this in the article “First prohibitions for a child 5-12 months old. How to say “no” to a child?
How to praise a child correctly

Do you know that leading child psychologists and simply fans of the currently relevant method according to the Maria Montessori system say that the word “Well done” said in an inappropriate pedagogical situation can lead to unpleasant consequences. Many mothers are very skeptical about this idea, but if you delve into the essence of the matter, it is not difficult to understand for yourself that scientists are right.
The main one of these consequences is the psychological dependence on praise. This, in turn, stifles the child’s interest in learning and mastering new information and skills. Sooner or later, it leads to the fact that the baby will perform many of his actions, first of all, expecting your praise, and not at all because they really captivate him. The child will constantly think about how to please adults, to be noticed, to seek recognition.

What's bad about it? Think about it, the time will come when your authority in front of your child will fade into the background, in front of the authority of your peers (no one is safe from “bad company”), and then the child will start, for example, smoking, and so on, just to gain the approval of his friends.

In general, this topic is very interesting and entertaining in itself, so we have included it in a separate article “Oh, that word “Well done” Or How not to spoil a child with praise”
About physical development
Physical development

To learn about the motor skills of a six-month-old baby, as well as interesting play activities that help develop these skills, read our article “Physical development of a child in the 9th month of life”
Massage and gymnastics

Be sure to read the article “Massage and gymnastics for children at 6-9 months of life”, it tells in great detail about the methods of professional children's massage and gymnastics.
Hardening

To find out how to properly harden your baby with air and sun baths and water procedures, read the section: “Hardening children in the 1st year of life.” These articles are compiled based on the recommendations of professional pediatricians.
We sincerely wish you and your baby successful conquest of new horizons in his comprehensive development!
Team of the site "U Sovenka"

Eight-month-old babies are very active, move a lot and explore new spaces with interest, because at this age they can already crawl. What else has the toddler learned by the age of 8 months, what new skills does parents already enjoy, and how can adults help in the development of a baby of this age?

Physiological changes

• The period of teething continues, and their appearance is very individual. Some people at 8 months still don’t have a single tooth or their first incisor has just appeared, while others are already trying to chew cookies with four teeth.
• The child's growth rate slows down slightly, which is associated with an increase in the baby's physical activity. The baby's muscles are already developed so much that they allow the baby not only to roll over and sit, but also to stand and crawl.
• The baby's stool has become more formed and bears little resemblance to the stool of a baby who is exclusively breastfed. It has a mild odor, and the frequency of bowel movements is usually once a day.
• The child's memory develops and retains recent events. Thanks to the improvement of memory, the baby is able to repeat the actions of his parents, recognize familiar objects, heard nursery rhymes, and loved ones.

Physical development

During the eighth month of life, the baby gains approximately 550 grams and becomes taller by an average of 1.5 centimeters. Chest circumference and head circumference increase each by 0.5-1 cm.

Although the rate of development of each child is individual, based on measurement data from a large number of children of a certain age, doctors determined the average value, as well as the limits normal indicators physical development. Deviation from them causes caution and is the reason for a detailed examination of the baby. The main parameters for 8-month-old babies are presented in the following table:

You can use a calculator to calculate norms for your child. The calculator is based on height and weight standards from the World Health Organization (WHO).

Height and weight calculator

For information on what a child should be able to do at 8 months, watch Larisa Sviridova’s video.

What can the baby do?

• The 8-month-old baby is very active physically, can sit down, lie down, stand up (at the same time pull himself up by a support), crawl quite quickly, and also step over objects.
• The baby spends a lot of time studying toys and constantly trains his own hands. He can freely transfer one toy to another hand, and if an object falls out of his hand, he will look for it. The child likes to roll the ball, press different buttons, and flip through the pages of books.
• The babble of an eight-month-old baby already has an intonation that the baby adopted from his parents. The baby repeats the same syllables many times, so parents constantly hear “ma-ma-ma” or “ba-ba-ba” from the baby.
• Children of this age are very cheerful, enjoy other children, and are wary of adult strangers. If the mother goes somewhere, the eight-month-old toddler is very upset. When a child does not succeed in something, the baby will be upset, but will be very happy with his mother’s praise.
• A child may point to a familiar object when asked “where?” Also, the baby has already learned to wave his hand when asked, do “okay” and other actions that his parents taught him earlier. The baby really likes games in which actions are repeated.
• An 8-month-old baby not only eats from a spoon and even tries to do it on his own, but also takes solid food (for example, baby cookies) in his hands, biting off pieces of it.

Although all children develop at their own pace and may acquire some skills earlier than their peers, and some later than other children of the same age, there are skills that a baby must certainly have at 8 months. You should be wary if your baby:

• Doesn't sit down.
• Doesn't crawl backwards or try to crawl at all.
• Doesn't try to stand at the support.
• Cannot stand for several seconds holding on with both hands.
• Cannot hold a toy in his hands.
• The offered toy is missing.
• Does not transfer the toy from one handle to another.
• Doesn't pronounce syllables.
• Does not listen when he hears an adult talking.
• Doesn't show any emotions.

Development activities

• If the baby has not yet mastered crawling on all fours, practice the baby in the water. When bathing, place your baby's belly on the bottom of an empty tub and turn on the water so it slowly fills the tub. The water level will rise and will encourage the baby to rise on his elbows and knees. During this exercise, it is important to ensure that the child does not drink water.
• Another way to teach a child to crawl on all fours is to walk on his hands. Raise the child's legs so that the baby stands on his arms. Next, rock the little one back and forth a little. As soon as the baby gets tired, the exercise should be stopped.
• To improve fine motor skills, invite your baby to touch different objects, toys with buttons and locks, boxes with lids, pyramid rings, soft books and many others.
• Since a child at the age of 8 months copies the actions of adults in games, the mother should show how to handle new toys. Roll cars with your child, rock a doll, knock on a drum, and let the baby repeat.
• Invite your baby to play with several similar objects, for example, cubes of different colors, balls, rings from a pyramid. By folding and scattering such objects, the child will learn the connections between them.
• Build a small pyramid out of cubes and show your little one how it can be destroyed using a rolling ball.
• Look at family photos with your baby and ask to see close people and the child himself. The child will love finding himself in the photo.
• Play music often and dance with your baby. Let these be motives with different rhythms - classical melodies, children's songs, and songs of modern performers.
• Train your baby's sense of balance by lifting the baby and lowering it. You can also spin with your baby.
• Make a book shelf for your child that your child can reach. Fill this shelf with bright children's books and let your little one choose a book to “read” on their own.
• Play with your baby in the bath. Let the baby move floating toys, clap his hands on the surface of the water, collect water in molds, and pour it from one container to another.
• Allow your baby to play with kitchen utensils, but give your baby only safe items - a ladle, containers, lids and others.
• The baby will also enjoy playing with a real phone, which should be unplugged for this purpose. Give the little one the phone and let him “talk.”
• While walking, pay your baby’s attention to the different sounds made by an airplane, a car, a bird, or a dog. At the same time, name the source of the sound.
• Keep your child interested in animals. Buy plastic or rubber animals and name them and imitate their voice. Show your little ones animals in books and on the street.
• Give your little one a wooden spoon and a few objects to hit. This way the child will understand that objects differ not only in appearance, but also in the sound they make.
• In front of your little one, hide the toy by covering it with a blanket, and then invite the little one to find it.

Care

In the morning, as before, the baby is given hygiene measures. They include washing, brushing teeth, sitting on the potty, and washing. Every evening the baby is bathed while having fun playing with toys that can float. In addition, during the day the child should periodically wash his hands, because the baby crawls and touches various objects. When changing a diaper, the child must be washed under running water.

Breast-feeding on demand at this age there are 6-8 feedings during the day and about 6 feedings at night. The volume of complementary feeding increases and is presented in the infant's menu with vegetables, fruits, dairy-free porridge, vegetable oil, meat, fruit juice, butter, crackers and cookies.

Formula-fed children They receive the mixture in the morning feeding, as well as in the last feeding before bedtime. The rest of the time, the artificial baby’s menu is formed from complementary foods. Compared to breastfed babies, their diet is more expanded - fermented milk drinks, cottage cheese and yolk are added to it. Porridge for a formula-fed baby is already cooked with milk, and the volume of most will be higher than that of a breastfed baby.

Calculate your complementary feeding table

A child between eight and ten years old begins to perceive himself as part of society. His worldview changes and his own view of life appears. The development of a child at 8 years old occurs without cardinal changes and acute stages - this is a relatively calm period.

Physical development of children 8-10 years old

During this period, a change in body proportions occurs. The child no longer looks big-headed as at 6-7 years old - the ratio of arms, head and torso becomes the same as in adults. A certain stage of physical maturation of the body begins. The muscles of the trunk and limbs develop well and their ossification begins. B

Thanks to this, children are good at jumping, running, and roller skating. Girls and boys gain almost the same weight - about 2.5 kg per year. But boys still grow faster. Over the course of a year, a child gains 5-7 cm in height.

Child skills at 8-10 years old

At this age, a little person is already quite independent. He is able to pack his school bag by himself, take a shower, cook simple meals, and make his bed.

Eight- to nine-year-old children are excellent helpers around the house. They can sweep the floor, wash the dishes, go to the grocery store. Girls already know how to sew on a button on their own, and boys can make an interesting craft.

How does a child eat during this period?

A balanced diet is the main principle of nutrition for children at this age. In food you need to maintain a balance of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The daily norm for an eight-year-old child is 2100 kcal.

Meat, milk and fish are mandatory products on the table at home, where the growing body of an eight-year-old lives. You need to limit your consumption of fried foods, confectionery and fast food.

The emphasis should be on whole grain cereals, honey, and fruits. Meals should occur four to five times a day.

Psychological development of children 8-9 years old

The psychological difference between the sexes is evident in everything. Girls are usually diligent and diligent when writing lessons, which cannot be said about boys. They are distracted by extraneous matters and therefore need to be constantly pulled back while performing homework. Boys are also less interested in their appearance than girls.

They can wear torn or dirty clothes and feel comfortable. The logical development of a child at 9 years old occurs without gender differences. They successfully solve children's crossword puzzles and solve puzzles to develop logic, memory and attentiveness. Features of the early speech development of boys include a more extensive vocabulary than that of girls.

Emotional development of children aged 8-10 years

Children after eight years of life are very inquisitive and interested in everything around them: from the conversation of adults to the news on TV. Communication with friends is now more important to them than time spent with their parents. Nine-year-old children love to collect various items: stickers, stamps, colored pebbles and other items. They develop a desire for order in their personal things, at least for a short time. Now the main thing is to instill neatness in your child so that this trait becomes an integral part of him. Cars and dolls fade into the background, being replaced by board games for the development of logical thinking.

Games for children aged 8-10 years

1. Selection of rhyme. You need to say the first word, for example: “house” and come up with a rhyme for it. The one who cannot come up with the next word loses.
2. Guessing words. One participant thinks of a certain word. Other children ask leading questions to guess the word. You can only answer “no” or “yes”.
3. Run in reverse. All children are divided into pairs and stand with their backs to each other. When the whistle blows, they start running twenty meters in one direction, and after the second whistle, they start running in the opposite direction.
4. Replacing letters. We select words whose meaning can be changed by changing just one letter. For example: bun-booth, cat-crust, spoon-leg.

How to raise an eight year old

To raise a child into a worthy personality, you should follow a few simple rules.

First of all, you need to love your eight-year-old in any way: when he is haunted by small or large failures, when he is capricious or restless, when he does not live up to his parents’ expectations. It is necessary that he always feel the support of the closest people - his parents.

Consult your little person more often on everyday issues. Let him feel his importance along with other family members.

• Encourage your child to have healthy eating habits and an active lifestyle.
• Follow the interests of the little man and, in accordance with them, assign him to circles and sections.
• Design his daily routine so that he sleeps at least ten hours a day.
• Entrust your child with household chores more often, instilling a sense of responsibility and concentration.
• Develop skills in managing family budget funds.
• Talk to your child more often like an adult, without babying. Ask questions about the past day and be interested in his affairs.

Why are children sometimes naughty?

Sudden disobedience may have different reasons. Sometimes a child shows negativism in everything, adding a piece of “no” to all the adults’ proposals. This critical period usually lasts 2-3 months, subsequently limited to small outbreaks of disobedience.

Oddly enough, such periods should be rejoiced, because they mean that the child is growing and developing. But you should not indulge all the child’s whims and teach him the meaning of the word “need”.

Reasons for children's disobedience:

• Age-related developmental crises;
• Lack of attention from parents;
• Power struggle with parents.

Adults must remember the main rule when a child behaves badly: do not connect to his negative emotions and do not vibrate on the same wavelength. On the contrary, you should speak to him calmly and balancedly.