Does a person need good manners of presentation? How to prepare for an essay-reasoning methodological development in the Russian language (grade 11) on the topic

Light bulbs burn out frequently
15.07.2020

😉 Greetings to my regular and new readers! Friends, why do we need good manners in our time? Let's try to figure it out.

What are good manners

Good manners are the basis for the behavior of a well-mannered person in society. The way of dealing with other people, the expressions used in speech, tone, intonation, gait, gestures and facial expressions. All this is called manners.

At the heart of all good manners is the concern that one should not disturb another. So that everyone feels good together. We must be able to not interfere with each other. Don't think that good manners are something superficial. By your behavior you reveal your essence.

“Everything in a person should be beautiful: face, clothes, soul, and thoughts” A.P. Chekhov

You need to cultivate not so much manners as what is expressed in them. This is a caring attitude towards the world, towards society, towards nature, towards animals and birds. You don’t need to memorize hundreds of rules, but remember one thing - the need to respect the people around you.

“Conduct should be elevated, but not bizarre. Thoughts should be subtle, but not petty. The character must be balanced, but not weak-willed. Manners should be well-mannered, but not affected."

Proverbs

  • Good manners don't cost anything.
  • Politeness opens all doors.
  • Don't exalt yourself, don't humiliate others.
  • A kind word to a person is like rain in a drought.
  • Accuracy - the politeness of kings.
  • By bowing, the head will not break off.
  • A kind word also pleases the cat.
  • Good silence is better than bad grumbling.
  • Keep your tongue on a string.

Love your neighbor as yourself

The first and most important rule of social behavior is politeness, kindness and consideration for others. This rule never changes.

The source of this rule is the Bible: “thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself.” Knowing how to behave properly is only part of having good manners. Doing them is what matters.

One of the basic principles of modern life is maintaining normal relationships between people. The desire to avoid conflicts. But in life we ​​often have to deal with rudeness, harshness, and disrespect for the personality of another person.

Society has always valued and values ​​modesty and restraint of a person. The ability to control your actions. Communicate carefully and tactfully with other people.

Bad manners are considered habits:

  • speak loudly without mincing words;
  • swagger in gestures and behavior;
  • sloppiness in clothing;
  • rudeness, manifested in outright hostility towards others;
  • inability to control one's irritation;
  • deliberately insulting the dignity of others;
  • tactlessness;
  • foul language;

“Nothing costs us so little or is valued so dearly as politeness.” Every day we interact with a large number of people and politeness will not hurt us. A successful person is polite in any situation.

And if you don't know what good manners are, that's a reason to worry. But no matter how busy or burdened you are, you still need to remember good manners.

Good manners

  • do not be overly curious;
  • give people appropriate compliments;
  • keep your word;
  • keep secrets;
  • do not raise your voice;
  • know how to apologize;
  • don't swear;
  • hold the door for people;
  • answer questions;
  • thank you for what they do for you;
  • be hospitable;
  • follow the rules of etiquette
  • don't grab the last piece of cake;
  • when saying goodbye to guests, accompany them to the door;
  • be polite, courteous and accommodating;
  • don't jostle in line.

Why good manners are needed (video)

Friends, leave feedback on the article “Why are good manners needed in society.” 🙂 Share this information on social media. networks. Thank you!

Preview:

MAOU Galchinskaya secondary school

Project

Topic: “How to prepare for an essay-reasoning”

Completed by: Russian language teacher

and literature

Zaitseva S.S.

Domodedovo 2012

Introduction.

Stages of work on an essay - reasoning.

Working with text when writing an argumentative essay.

Conclusion.

Bibliography.

Introduction.

Subject: How to prepare for an essay - argument.

Relevance: The work contains theoretical information and practical recommendations for preparing to complete the task with a detailed answer to part C of the single state exam in the Russian language (composition - reasoning). Detailed analysis The presented student work will allow us to identify and systematize problem areas in preparing students for Part C.

Target: To develop the knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for a student to successfully pass the Unified State Exam.

An object: Educational and methodological aids for preparing for essay-reasoning.

Hypothesis: Part C assignment is a task with a detailed answer and is an essay-reasoning based on the text read. It is this task that tests the state of graduates’ practical skills (their mastery of monologue speech, the ability to argue their point of view) and the general state of their culture, which requires certain preparation from them.

Research objectives:

1.research of educational and methodological material to prepare for an argumentative essay;

2. study of the stages of work on an essay-reasoning;

3. study of language analysis of the source text;

4.studying the analysis and evaluation of an essay-reasoning.

Theoretical significance:This work will allow graduates to systematize knowledge and skills in preparation for an argumentative essay.

Practical significance:This work will be of interest not only to the teacher, but also to high school students and their parents.

Methods: 1) theoretical method;

2) method of analysis;

3) practical method.

Stages of working on an argumentative essay.

The ways in which the main idea of ​​a text is formed and developed depends on the type of speech used in it. Traditionally, there are three main semantic types of speech: narration, description, reasoning.

Reasoning – This is a verbal presentation, explanation, confirmation of any thought. The task of reasoning is to consider the most important properties of objects, phenomena and establish cause-and-effect relationships between them.

The text - reasoning should consist of three parts:

Thesis (what is being proven or explained; the main idea that requires proof or explanation);

Evidence (arguments, arguments, justification, explanation, i.e. judgments that confirm the truth of the thesis);

Conclusion

A similar structure occurs in a complete argument; in an abbreviated argument, either the conclusion is omitted; or a thesis, because they are similar in content (a conclusion is a proven thesis; a conclusion expands the meaning of the thesis).

Reasoning differs from description and narration primarily by longer, complex sentences (with isolated phrases, various types of conjunction and non-conjunction) and the abstract nature of the vocabulary, i.e. words denoting abstract concepts (the narrative is dominated by words denoting specific objects and phenomena):

Where to start talking about Russia? For me, a Russian, this is not easy: big things are seen from a distance.

Russia is great. On its territory you can accommodate thirty Frances or almost two Chinas. I remember the school teacher said: the sun even needs ten hours to reach Moscow from the Bering Strait.

Maybe we should start the conversation with how different Russia is? This is the treeless, completely frozen tundra in the Far North, and the dense taiga in Siberia; these are the mountains of the Urals and Transbaikalia, and the expanse of wheat fields of the Don and Kuban; these are millionaire cities and tiny villages that have never heard a locomotive whistle (According to B. Korotkov).

Almost all texts with other types of speech (narration, description) provide material for writing an argumentative essay. In order to write an essay of this kind, different types texts, you must first highlight the main idea that the author is trying to convey to the reader.

Remember! Types of speech can be distinguished by questions: the narration is posed with the question what happened?, the description is what?, the reasoning is why?

The main idea of ​​a narrative text, a descriptive text, is carried out by the author for a specific purpose, therefore the element of causality is undoubtedly present in these texts.

Text-narration

Lebedin's fidelity

The sun rose higher and higher above the bay, erasing the shadows.

The huntsman said:

“The snow-white swan fell into the reeds, not yet understanding what happened to him, he tried to fly into the blue sky. (4) His right wing hung lifeless. (5) The poacher deprived the bird of its most precious flight. (6) The swan lay motionless in the reeds. (7) His girlfriend, white swan , was worried. (8) The bird made an alarming, guttural cry. (9) The flock has already left the peninsula and flew further to the north. (10) I didn’t want to fall behind, but you can’t leave a friend in trouble. (11) And then she approached and began to carefully pluck his feathers.

(12) I sailed into the bay early in the morning. (13) The swan took off and began to spin around anxiously. (14) I decided to examine the reeds. (15) Here I found a shot down bird. (16) He left the swan in a safe place, brought medicine and bandaged the wounded wing. (17) The next day I appeared again on the small island. (18) I walked around it and made sure there were no predators. (19) “What should we call you? – I thought. “The swan will now be Lotus, and the swan will be Lily.”

(20) I swam to the swan island for the whole month. (21) The lotus became cheerful and greeted me with a guttural cry. (22) One day, when I came to the hut, I saw an egg lying in the nest that had been built. (23) The swan swam up to my boat and took food from my hands. (24) I knew that Lotus would never have to fly: the wing was broken.

(25) Autumn has come. (26) Two more young swans swam in the place with Lotus and Lily. (27) And at this time the birds began to fly away. (28) Farewell voices were heard in the sky all night. (29) Lily listened to them anxiously.

(30) Before my eyes, the children of Lotus and Lily took off, joined the flock and flew to distant lands. (31) The Swan was worried, but soon swam up to the Lotus and began to preen its feathers. (32) Her whole appearance said: “Let our children fly away to warmer lands for the winter. And we’re doing well here too.”

(33) And soon the swan song reached me. (34) The handsome Lotus sang it. (35) No, this was not a farewell song - a hymn to life!

(K. Khromov)

The main idea allows you to ask the question why? – “Why does the author believe that the Lotus song is not a farewell song, but a hymn to life. This question may form the basisthesis (1) Proof (2)is a description of what happened to Lotus and how his faithful friend helped him in misfortune.

Conclusion (3) may be equal to a thesis.

Description text

First frost.

The night passed under a large, clear moon, and by morning the first frost had settled.

Everything was gray, but the puddles did not freeze. (3) When the sun appeared and warmed up, the trees and grass were bathed in such heavy dew, the spruce branches looked out from the dark forest with such luminous patterns that the diamonds of our entire land would not have been enough for this decoration.

(4) The queen, the pine tree, sparkling from top to bottom, was especially beautiful. (5) Joy jumped like a young dog in my chest.

(M. Prishvin)

The main idea of ​​the text allows you to ask the question why? - “Why did the first frosty day evoke such violent joy in the author’s chest?” This question may form the basis thesis. Proofserves to describe the picture of a frosty winter day. Conclusion may be equal to thesis.

Text - reasoning

(1)What is beauty? (2) Do we perceive beauty in the same way? (3) Is it possible to appreciate beauty? (4) Do ideas about beauty change over time?

(5) We often call beautiful what corresponds to the norms and ideals of our time. (6) Each era has its own ideals and fashion. (7) But there is imperishable, enduring beauty, to which humanity will certainly return. (8) We will never cease to be pleased with the proportions of the Parthenon, the harmony and unity with nature of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl... (9) I am upset every time I hear the phrase: “There are no comrades for the taste and color...” (10) Just the opposite - you are surprised how many people have the same appreciation for beauty.

The main idea can form the basis thesis : True beauty is perceived equally.ProofThe author’s reasoning about the incorruptibility of true beauty, despite many factors associated with ideals and fashion, can serve.

Ways to connect parts of reasoning.

In reasoning, a question is often used to move from thesis to proof. Why?, particle after all and such constructions as: and that's why; this can be proven as follows; let's prove it; this is easy to verify; and this is understandable.

The conclusion is connected with the evidence most often through introductory words: so, thus, etc., words and combinations; therefore, that's why...; sentences like: Let's summarize everything said above. Let's summarize. From everything said above it follows that, etc.

Many other introductory words and combinations can also indicate the connection and sequence of thoughts. For example, firstly, secondly, finally, for example, let's say, let's propose, so, therefore, therefore, etc.

Another combination of parts of the argument is possible: without conjunctions, without introductory words, only according to meaning.

Ways to connect sentences in a text.

When constructing a proof, you should remember that each sentence must be connected with the previous one. Only in this case can we talk about logic and consistency of reasoning. This connection of sentences can be done using

Lexical repetition

Personal pronoun

Synonym

Antonyma

Of the opposing union

Particles

Adverbs

Demonstrative pronoun

Pronouns with preposition

Possessive pronoun

Similar words. There may be cases when not one means of communication is used, but several.

WORKING WITH THE TEXT WHEN WRITING AN ESSAY-REASONING.

Text.

(1) Are good manners necessary? (2) The latest machines could calculate how much the sum of bad moods and irritability caused by people’s rude and even unkind behavior costs the country, and tell us sensational figures. (3) A person who feels calm and comfortable in the company of his fellow citizens is many times more efficient and enterprising than one who must always, every minute, be on alert to prevent undeserved insult, rudeness and rudeness. (4) In my opinion, good manners are a manifestation of inner delicacy and culture, a necessary attribute of a healthy lifestyle.

(5) But often the best people offend their loved ones. (6) And this usually happens without any malicious intent, without the intention to offend, humiliate, insult, but simply due to oversight, thoughtlessness, inattention. (7) These good people, often busy with big and important things, did not find time to think through the form of their behavior, did not develop those simple and useful rules with the help of which you can improve the mood of the entire team, make life more pleasant, and your nerves healthier.

(8) Every young person should draw two very important conclusions. (9) First: a kind attitude towards others does not require large expenses and does not exhaust a person. (10) This is, in the full sense of the word, a free addition to life, and later, when it becomes a habit, it is done automatically and does not lose its beneficial effect. (11) Second: a person who has learned to treat his neighbors well not only brings joy to them, but also receives enormous pleasure from such behavior.

(12) Therefore, good manners and properly developed behavior are not only a person’s great contribution to society. (13) This deposit brings the investor himself the most valuable income in the world - a good mood and an optimistic mood.

(According to N. Akimov)

In order to write an essay-argument on this text, you need to do the following work:

See how this idea is expressed in the text. Pay special attention to those sentences where it is most clearly expressed. In our text these are sentences (3), (4), (11), (12), (13);

They should be read again to formulate a thesis, which might sound something like this:“Good manners need to be acquired not only in order to be considered a well-mannered person. N. Akimov claims that “correctly developed behavior” improves the life of both the individual and the entire society.”

As evidence, you can rely on the proposals already listed (see above):"And that's why. Firstly, according to N. Akimov, a person living in a team of well-mannered people feels much more productive, because he does not have to waste time repelling aggression from colleagues. Secondly, good manners and good manners contribute to a healthy lifestyle. Thirdly, a person with good manners brings joy not only to those around him. He himself gets great pleasure from it, being in a good mood.”

Conclusion to the first part of the essay.A person lives in a society, therefore, knowledge of etiquette is a contribution that undoubtedly improves both the life of one person and society as a whole.

To convey the main idea and convey it to the readerThe author uses such expressive means as synonyms and gradation. Synonyms (“And this usually happenswithout any intent, without intent to offend, humiliate, insult, and so simply - due to oversight, thoughtlessness, inattention ") is used by the author for greater expression, since it does not allow a more complete determination of the properties and nature of the subject of the story. All synonyms are built on the principle of ascending gradation (“...to prevent undeserved insult, rudeness and rudeness "), which allows the author to show a negative attitude towards the consequences associated with ignorance or ignorance of etiquette.

Next you should write your agreement/disagreement with the author, which can be expressed as follows:I agree (agree) with the author’s opinion that knowledge of etiquette has social significance. It’s unpleasant if they try to insult you, if they talk to you rudely. The result is a ruined mood, a ruined day. And this in no way contributes to a healthy lifestyle.

Read the lines in italics - and you will see an example essay-reasoning on the given text, which meets the criteria of the Unified State Exam.

Conclusion.

The most important condition for successfully writing an argumentative essay based on a read text is an understanding of the source text, an adequate perception of its topic, the problems raised by the author, and the author’s position.

Before writing your own text, clarify your intention and your attitude to the position of the author of the text. If you share this position, select examples - evidence to support your chosen position. If not, then arguments that will allow you to object to the author.

Think over the composition and speech format of your essay. Remember that you are writing an essay, not a presentation. Your text should be an interpretation of the issues raised in the source text, their interpretation. The author's thoughts can be briefly conveyed, retold, quoted, indicated by reference to sentence numbers in the text, or indicated when presenting your own point of view. Arguing his own attitude (own position), the writer must not only agree or disagree with the author of the source text, but also convincingly argue his opinion.

When conveying the author’s position on a particular issue, try not to distort the original information, follow the course of the author’s thoughts and not go beyond the scope of the issue under discussion. You cannot replace the facts cited by the author with others - this will be considered the most serious mistake.

When working on an essay, remember that poor speech, that is, speech limited by the volume of vocabulary, imprecise word usage, and syntactic monotony, reduces the impression of the work and can lead to a lower grade for it. Use a variety of syntactic structures, try to use words in accordance with their meaning and lexical compatibility.

List of used literature

Gvozdev A.N. Essays on the stylistics of the Russian language. M., 1965.

Golub I.B. Exercises on the stylistics of the Russian language. M., 1997.

Golub I.B., Rosenthal D.E. Interesting style. M., 1988; They are. A book about good speech. M., 1997

Golub I.B. Grammatical stylistics of the modern Russian language. M., 1987

Gorbanevsky M.V., Karaulov Yu.N., Shaklein V.M. Don't speak in rough language. M., 1999. pp. 171-174.

Gorbachevich K.S. Norms of modern Russian literary language. M., 1989.

Graudina L.K. Issues of normalization of the Russian language. Grammar and variations.

Ippolitova N.A. Culture of Russian speech. M., Flinta, 2004.

Kapinos V.I. , Puchkova L.I., Tsybulko I.P., Gosteva Yu.N. Guidelines for assessing tasks with a detailed answer: Russian language. – M.: “Unicum-Center”, 2004, 2005.

Kapinos V.I. , Puchkova L.I., Tsybulko I.P., Gosteva Yu.N., Vasiliev I.P., Lvov V.V., Lvova S.I. Materials for independent work experts in assessing tasks with a detailed answer: Russian language. –M.: “Unicum-Center”, 2004, 2005.

Kozhina M.N. Stylistics of the Russian language. 3rd edition. M., 1993.

The culture of Russian speech and the effectiveness of communication. M., 1996

Rosenthal D.E. A culture of speech. M., 1960; It's him. Practical stylistics of the Russian language. M., 1985.

Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing. M., 1997.

Ruzavin G.I. Logic and argumentation. M., 1997.

Russian language of the late twentieth century. M., 1996.

Senkevich M.P. Culture of radio and television speech, M., 1987.

Skovorodnikov A.P. On the state of speech culture in the Russian media (experience of describing typical violations of literary and linguistic norms) // Theoretical and applied aspects of speech communication. Scientific method. Bull. No. 3. Krasnoyarsk, 1998.


There are many books about "good manners". These books explain how to behave in society, at a party and at home, with elders and younger ones, how to speak and how to dress. But people usually don't get much out of these books. This happens, I think, because books about good manners rarely explain why good manners are needed. There are many books about good manners. But people usually don't get much out of these books because they rarely explain why good manners are necessary.


What is the basic guide to acquiring good manners? Is this a simple collection of “recipes” for behavior? At the heart of all good manners lies one concern - that a person does not interfere with another, so that everyone feels good together. Why are “recipes” of behavior needed? At the heart of all good manners lies one concern - that a person does not interfere with another.


We must be able to not interfere with each other. Therefore, there is no need to make noise. Therefore, there is no need to slurp, loudly put your fork on your plate, or speak loudly at dinner. There is no need to talk with your mouth full so that your neighbors do not have concerns. And you don’t need to put your elbows on the table - again, so as not to disturb your neighbor. It is necessary to be neatly dressed because this shows respect for others: it should not be disgusting to look at you.




As you can see, there is a deep meaning in the so-called good manners. And you need to cultivate not so much manners as what is expressed in them - a caring attitude towards people and nature. You don’t need to memorize hundreds of rules, but remember one thing – the need to respect others. And then manners will come to you, the memory of the rules of good behavior, the desire and ability to apply them will come.




There are many books about good manners. But people usually don't get much out of these books because they rarely explain why good manners are necessary. Why are “recipes” of behavior needed? At the heart of all good manners lies one concern - that a person does not interfere with another. To learn not to disturb each other, you don’t need to make noise, slurp, speak loudly at dinner, or put your elbows on the table; you need to be neatly dressed. Good manners have a deep meaning - caring for people and nature. You don’t need to memorize hundreds of rules, but remember one thing – the need to respect others. Then you will have the desire and ability to apply the rules of good behavior.




EXCEPTION of repetitions; one or more of the synonyms; individual members of a sentence, some homogeneous members of a sentence; clarifying and explanatory structures; introductory words (some, not all!); sentence fragment; one or more sentences: omission of sentences containing secondary facts; skipping sentences with descriptions and reasoning; reduction complex sentence at the expense of a less significant part.




SIMPLIFICATION - merging several sentences into one; replacing a sentence or part of it with a demonstrative pronoun; replacement complex sentence simple / breaking a complex sentence into abbreviated simple ones; replacing a sentence fragment with a synonymous expression: converting direct speech into indirect speech; the formation of a complex (or simple with homogeneous members) sentence by merging two adjacent sentences telling about the same subject of speech.




EXCEPTION: level of supply Reduction of individual members of the supply Placed in an absorption box, coal absorbed poisonous gas and released clean air suitable for breathing. Placed in an absorption box, the coal absorbed the poisonous gas and released clean air.




Breaking down a complex sentence into abbreviated simple ones Let us bow to him, the man who grew bread, and let us be honest and conscientious before his great feat, great and modest at the same time; Before leaving the bakery with a loaf or a brick of warm bread, let us remember again and again with reverent heartfelt sympathy about the hands that sowed and grew this bread. Let us bow to the man who grew the bread, and let us be conscientious before his great and humble feat. Before leaving the bakery with a brick of warm bread, let us remember with heartfelt sympathy the hands that grew this bread.


EXCEPTION: sentence level Ellipsing / grammatical incompleteness The Russian expanses are wide. Coal, gold and copper are hidden in the depths. In one hand he held a fishing rod, and in the other he held a kukan with a fish. The Russian expanses are wide. In the depths there is coal, gold and copper. In one hand he held a fishing rod, and in the other - a kukan with a fish.




EXCEPTION: microtopic level Skipping sentences containing secondary facts It happens that on a frosty day, tits fly into open windows. Or in the canopy of houses. I tamed the tits that flew into my small house, and they quickly settled in there. It happens that on a frosty day, tits fly into open windows. I tamed the tits that flew into my small house, and they quickly settled in there.


GENERALIZATION OF SPECIFIC, SINGLE PHENOMENA SUPPLY LEVEL Geologists, engineers, technicians, and workers set out to storm the taiga in order to wrest from it the cherished secret of the Siberian platform - to find a diamond deposit and provide it with industry. People set out to storm the taiga in order to wrest from it the cherished secret of the Siberian platform - to find a diamond deposit and provide it with industry.


Not so long ago, scientists believed that success in life is directly related to our intellectual abilities. The more a person knows and can do, the greater the likelihood that he will achieve a lot in life. However, it turns out, as modern scientists say, a head filled with knowledge is not yet salvation from serious life failures and failures. The intellectual abilities and skills necessary for subsequent work are just the basis, the foundation. On this foundation, the building of professional success can only be built if a person has certain personal qualities. And one of these most important qualities is the ability to understand others, feel their mood, and empathize with them. Psychologists have come to the conclusion that the perception of art, in particular, can help develop this ability. A person who receives pleasure from picturesque or sculptural images, feels the beauty of a poem or melody, feels the rhythm of a pattern - such a person is capable of the emotional experience necessary for life. Through empathy, a person feels his involvement in those who live next to him and participates in what is happening around him. Therefore, having the ability to understand, feel and empathize, a person will be able to maintain harmonious relationships with the world, and therefore will be able to achieve success in this world.


Not so long ago it was believed that success in life directly depends on our intellectual abilities, knowledge and skills. Now scientists are coming to the conclusion that intellectual luggage is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for achieving success. To succeed, a person, among other things, must have the ability to understand others, feel their mood, and empathize with them. This ability can be developed, in particular, through the perception of art. A person capable of emotional experience will be able to maintain harmonious relationships with the world, which means he will be able to achieve success in it.